Zvinyorwa zveBigata Dhidhiyo muMishonga
Iyo tsanangudzo yakajeka yemashoko makuru emishonga ndeye "huwandu hwemashoko akaenzana nehutano hwehutano hwehutano nekugara zvakanaka" (Raghupathi 2014). Asi ndezvipi chaizvoizvo mhando idzi dze data, uye dzinobvepi?
Izvi zvinotevera zvakadzama zvemhando uye zvinyorwa zvemashoko makuru ekufarira kune vanopa utano, vatsvakurudzi, vateresi, vaiti vezvematongerwo enyika, uye mhizha.
Izvo zvikamu hazvisi zvinyatsobatana, nokuti iyo imwe chete inogona kuwanikwa kubva pane zvakasiyana-siyana.
Uye hapana urongwa urwu rwakakwana, nokuti kushandiswa kwekushandiswa kwemashoko makuru analytics kucharamba kuchiwedzera.
Clinical Information Systems
Aya ndiwo maitiro emagariro emakiriniki ehutano avo vanopa utano hwekurapa vanojairira kutarisa.
- Zvinyorwa zvehutano zvehutano (EHRs) kutora, kuchengetedza, uye kuratidza ruzivo rwakadai sehuwandu hwevanhu, huwandu hwezvehutano hwekare, hutano hwehutano hunoita, zvirwere, zvirwere, mishonga, zviratidzo zvinokosha, zvinobva ku laboratory uye radiology kuongororwa, hutano hwehutano, hurongwa hwekufambira hwakagadzirwa nehutano hwehutano vapeji, uye magwaro ekutungamirira uye emari
- Zvinyorwa zvemakirini emakemikari (EMRs) hazvina kufanana neEHRs uye kazhinji zvine chokuita nedhesi rakachengetwa neimwe chiremba.
- Utano hwehutano hwekutsinhanisa hunoita sehubs pakati pezvinokanganisa zvidzidzo zvekliniki
- Zvinyorwa zvevarwere, zvakachengetedzwa nemasangano ekuchengetedza hutano pane varwere vavo, zvinowanzobatanidzwa neEHR. Other registries track vaccination, cancer, trauma, uye zvimwe zvehutano hwehutano pane imwe nzvimbo yakawanda.
- Varwere vanorapa varwere vanobvumira varwere kuwana ruzivo rwehutano hwavo hunochengetwa musangano rekuchengetedza utano reEHR. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzevarwere dzinotenderawo vashandi kukumbira zviyero zvekugadzirisa uye kutsinhanisa magwaro ehutano akachengeteka neboka rekutarisira utano.
- Zvinyorwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvipatara zvinowanzobatanidza nheyo dzehutano hwehutano kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzehutano dzemakiriniki, dzakadai seEHRs nemamwe magwaro akanyorwa pamusoro apa
Mitsva Inowanikwa Kubhadhara Kubhadhara
Vanhu vanobhadhara vanhu (semuenzaniso Medicare) uye vanobhadhara vari voga vane mabhuku makuru ekutsvaga mashoko kune avo vanobatsirwa. Vamwe vatsigiri vezvehutano iye zvino vanopawo zvikurudzira zvekugovana dhefenyu yenyu yehutano.
Research Studies
Tsvakurudzo dzemashoko dzine ruzivo pamusoro pevatori vechidzidzo, mishonga yekuedza, uye zvipatara zvinowanikwa. Dzidzo dzakakura dzinowanzobatsirwe nemakambani ekurapa mishonga kana masangano ehurumende. Kushandiswa kwemishonga chaiyo ndeyekufananidza nevamwe varwere nemishonga inobatsira, yakabva pamatongerwo emakirini ekuedza deta.
Iyi nzira inokurudzira kudarika kushandisa uchapupu hunotungamirirwa nemishonga, iyo iyo mutapi wehutano anotarisa kana murwere achigovera maitiro akawandisa (kureva zera, zvepabonde, rudzi, chipatara) nevatori vechiedzo. Nehurukudziro huru yekuongorora, zvinokwanisika kusarudza mushonga unobva pane zvakawanda zvakanyanyisa granular, zvakadai senhengo yegeneti yemukenza wegwere (ona pasi apa).
Chirongwa chechipatori chisarudzo chekuita (CDSS) chave chichikura nekukurumidza uye zvino chinomiririra chikamu chikuru cheunyanzvi hwokugadzira (AI) mukurapa.
Vanoshandisa dambudziko rekushandisa kuti vabatsire vanachiremba vane sarudzo dzavo uye vanowanzobatanidzwa neEHRs.
Genetic Databases
Inzvimbo yekuchengetedza mazita evanhu inoramba ichiwedzera pane imwe nguva inokurumidza. Sezvo Human Genome Project yakagadzirirwa muna 2003, mari yeDNA yekushambadzira kwevanhu yakaderedzwa nemamiriyoni. The Personal Genome Project (PGP), yakatangwa muna 2005 neHarvard Medical School, inotsvaga kurongedza uye kuzivisa mazana emagomu ezviuru zvevashandi vanozvipira kubva kumativi ose enyika. PGP pachayo ndiyo muenzaniso mukuru wepurojekiti yedhadharo nokuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana zve data.
Izwi rega rega rinomirira anenge zana gigabytes yedata. Mukuwedzera pakurongedza maitiro emudzimai, PGP iri kuunganidza zvakare kubva kuEHRs, kuongorora, uye mapurogiramu e microbiome.
Mamwe mapoka makambani anopa zvakananga-kune-vatengi mazita ekurapa, mararamiro evanhu, uye pharmacogenetics pane zvekutengeserana.
Iyi ruzivo rwepamwechete inogona kuendeswa kune guru data analytics. Somuenzaniso, 23 uyeMe ndakarega kupa ruzivo rwehutano hwehutano hwevatano kune vashandi vatsva kubva musi waNovember 22, 2013, kutevera neAmerica Food and Drug Administration. Zvisinei, muna 2015, kambani yakatanga kupa zvimwe zvikamu zvehutano zvezvemagetsi avo ekutengesa zvakare, panguva ino nemvumo yeDFA.
Public Records
Hurumende inochengetedza zvinyorwa zvitsva zvezviitiko zvine chokuita nehutano, zvakadai sekuenda kune dzimwe nyika, kuroorana, kuberekwa, nekufa. Nhoroondo yeUnited States yakaunganidza huwandu hwehuwandu hwemakore gumi kubva muna 1790. Census 'statistics website yakange ine masero mabhiriyoni 370 kubva muna 2013, uye inenge 11 mabhiriyoni akawanda yakawedzerwa gore rose.
WebSearches
Tsvakurudzo yekutsvaga kweWebhe yakaungana neGoogle nedzimwe vashandi vekutsvakurudza webhutori vanogona kupa maonero chaiwo-nguva akaenzana nehutano hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Zvisinei, kukosha kwemashoko makuru kubva kumatsotsi ekutsvaga kwewebhu kunogona kuvandudzwa nekuchibatanidza nayo nemasikirwo emagariro ehutano.
Social Media
Facebook, Twitter uye dzimwe nhepfenyuro dzepakatigiramu dzinoita zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko zvakakomberedza nguva, zvichipa maonero munzvimbo, utano hwehutano, manzwiro, uye kushamwaridzana kwevamwe vashandisi. Kushandiswa kwemashoko makuru ehupfumi kuhutano hwehutano hwakatumidzwa sechirwere chirwere chetachiona kana chirwere chepademic. Twitter, somuenzaniso, yakashandiswa kuongorora chirwere chepukemikari pakati pevanhu vakawanda.
World Well-Being Project yakatanga kuYunivhesiti yePennsylvania ndeyeimwe muenzaniso wekudzidza zvekugarisana nevanhu kuti vanzwisise chiitiko chevanhu uye utano hwakanaka. Iyo purogiramu inounza pamwe mapurologist, vanoongorora masayendisiti uye masayendisiti masayendisiti vanoongorora mutauro unoshandiswa paanenge achitaurirana paIndaneti, somuenzaniso, paanonyora zvinyorwa zvezvemufananidzo pa Facebook ne Twitter. Masayendisiti ari kucherechedza kuti shanduro yevashandisi inorondedzera sei nezvehutano hwavo uye mufaro. Kufambira mberi mumutauro wekushandura mutauro uye kudzidza kwemichina kunobatsira nemabasa avo. Imwe mabhuku achangobva kuYunivhesiti yePennsylvania akatarisa nzira dzokufanotaura nezvekurwara kwepfungwa nokuongorora nhepfenyuro yevanhu. Zvinoratidzika kuti zviratidzo zvekuora mwoyo uye mamwe mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa zvinogona kuonekwa nekudzidza kushandisa kwedu Indaneti. Masayendisiti vanotarisira mune ramangwana nzira idzi dzichakwanisa kujekesa nekubatsira vanhu vari pangozi.
Indaneti yezvinhu (IoT)
Matsi makuru makuru ehutano hune hutano anounganidza uye akachengetwa pamagetsi efoni uye kumusha .
- Mafoni-mazana : Zviuru zveMaHealth apps zvinowana ruzivo pamusoro pekuita kwemuviri, kushandiswa kwezvokudya, mararamiro ekurara, manzwiro, nemamwe maparamende. Native cell phone apps (p. GPS, email, kutumesa mameseji) zvinogona kupawo ruzivo nezvehutano hwomunhu.
- Kuongorora uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshungurudza: Pedometers, accelerometers, magirazi, maziso, uye zviputi zvakaputirwa pasi peganda zvinogadzirawo ruzivo rwehutano-uye runogona kutumirawo mugore.
- Zvirongwa zveTelemedicine zvinobvumira vatapi vezvoutano kuti vaongorore zvirwere zvakadai seropa, moyo wepamusoro, kufema kwemhepo, oxygenation, kutonhora, kutengesa kweEGG, uye kuyerwa.
Matanho emari
Varwere 'kadhi rechikwereti rekubhadhara zvinowanikwa muzvinyorwa zvekufananidzira zvinoshandiswa naCarolinas HealthCare System kuti vaone varwere vari pangozi yakanyanya yekudzorerwa kuchipatara. Chirongwa cheCharlotte-based health care inoshandisa dhiyabhorosi dhiyabhorosi kuti aparadzise varwere mumapoka akasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso, zvichienderana nehosha uye nzvimbo.
Maitiro uye Kuzvimirira Zvinetso
Inofanirwa kuiswa pachena kuti, pane dzimwe nguva, pangava nekukosha kwehutsika uye hunoita kuti pfuma iwedzere paunounganidza nekuwana nheyo muhutano hwehutano. Zvitsva zvemashoko makuru zvinogona kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwatinoita zvinokonzera vanhu nehutano hwehuwandu hwevanhu, zvisinei, njodzi dzakasiyana dzinofanirwa kuongororwa nekucherechedzwa. Iko zvino yave ichinyatsozivikanwa kuti data yaimboonekwa isingazivikanwi, inogona kuwanikwa zvakare. Semuenzaniso, Purofesa Latanya Sweeney weHarvard's Data Privacy Lab yakarongedza 1 130 vazvipiri vanobatanidzwa muGenome Genome Project. Iye neboka rake vakakwanisa kutumidza zvakakwana 42 muzana yevatori vechikamu maererano nemashoko avakagovana (ZIP code, zuva rokuberekwa, gender). Idzi ruzivo runogona kuwedzera kuziva kwatingaita njodzi uye kunotibatsira kuti tive nehuwandu hwemashoko ekugovana zvisarudzo.
> Sources:
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> Guntuku S, Yaden D, Kern M, Ungar L, Eichstaedt J. Kucherechedza kuora mwoyo uye chirwere chepfungwa mumagariro evanhu: kubvunzurudza kwekubatanidzwa . Ikozvino Mafungiro muSimiro Yehupenyu 2017; 18: 43-49.
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