MuUnited States, pasinei netariro dzakawanda, hurongwa hwedu hwehutano hunowanzoshanda sehukuru-humwe-hunokodzera-yose yemuenzaniso. Vamwe vanotaura izvi sehuwandu hwevanhu. Iyi paradigm inoratidzira kuti muhuzhinji hwevanhu, chirwere-chinenge chisingawanzofari kana kenza-inofanirwa kufanirwa kutsvaga, uye vanhu vazhinji vanobatsirwa nehutano hwehutano hwakasiyana.
Kana imwe kurapa isingashandisi, saka yechipiri-inowanzobudirira chirongwa chekurapa inorayirwa.
Izvi zvinopfuurira kusvikira urwere hunozorodzwa. Mishonga inogadzirirwa zvichienderana nenhamba dzevanhu dzinowanika, uye kuedza uye kukanganisa kunoshandiswa kusvikira murwere ari nani. Mumuenzaniso uyu wemishonga, unhu hweunhu pachako, zvipingamupinyi, mararamiro emararamiro uye genetic hazviwanzoongororwa. Nokudaro, nzira yekurapa haizove yakanakisisa mumatambudziko ose, kukanganisa avo vasingakodzeri ne "chiyero" zviyero.
Mishonga chaiyo, kune rumwe rutivi, inotsigira kuenzanisa kwehutano hwehutano. Chinangwa chekudzivirira zvirwere, pamwe chete nekurapa kwechirwere kune mumwe munhu saka chirwere kana chirwere chinogona kutarirwa nenzira inopikira mukana wepamusoro wekubudirira unobva pane zvaanoshandisa munhu wacho. Chimwe chekufungidzira kweiyi nzira yemishonga yemunhu (PM) inofunga kuti madhiragi uye kupindira kuchave kwakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nemunhu ari kutarisirwa.
Utano Hwokugadzirwa Kwezvehutano munguva yeGenomics
Iye zvino iyo sayenzi ine mapeji akazara emajeni ose mumuviri, mushonga wevanhu iwe pachako uri kuratidza sechokwadi.
Sangano reNational Human Genome Research Institute rinosimbisa mushonga iwoyo pachawo unosanganisira kushandiswa kwechirwere chemararamiro ekutungamirira zvisarudzo pamusoro pekudzivirira, kuongororwa uye kurapwa.
Mazuva ano teknolojia yehutano iye zvino inobvumira kuti genome yemumwe munhu iongororwe kuitira kuti ione maitiro chaiwo kana kusakosha.
Kutaurirana kweAngelina Jolie pamusoro pekutakura BRCA1 kuchinja kwemajini, iyo inomuisa pangozi yakawanda yekenza yepachifu uye kenza yemuviri, inounza zvimwe zvemashoko aya kuvanhu. Kuita sarudzo zvichienderana nerudzi rwemajini zvingave zvisati zvisiri tsika mumutambo wezuva nezuva wehutano, asi zviri kuwedzera kuwanda.
Oncology inzvimbo yemishonga umo DNA inoongorora teknolojia inogona kuita zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, yemukenza wemapapu, pane zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa pakusarudzwa kwevanhu zvinowanikwa zvino zvichibva pamarudzi akasiyana-siyana emukenza emapapu. Kana pane chirwere chekurapa, maitiro ekuberekwa anowanzogadziriswa neinishuwarenzi, kunyanya kana kune dhiza rakagamuchirwa neDAA kana chirwere chinosungirirwa ku genetic mutation.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vatsvakurudzi vakashandisawo DNA kurongedza kugadzirisa ukama pakati pehavha yeukondombera (BLV) nekenza yemazamu. Yakanga yakatenda kare kuti iyi mombe yeutachiona haigoni kuuraya vanhu. Zvisinei, chidzidzo chakaitwa neYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, uye Yunivhesiti yeNew South Wales, Sydney, yakaratidza kuti BLV inogona kuvapo mumhuka yevanhu makore matatu kusvika kune gumi vasati vasangana nekenza, zvichiratidza kuwirirana kwakasimba.
Kurapa kunotungamirirwa nevakawanda kunowedzera kushandiswa nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwekombiyuta yezera rinotevera (NGS) technologies.
Maererano neThe National Human Genome Research Institute, maitiro ose ezve genome anogona kuitika munguva inopfuura maawa makumi maviri nemaviri pasi pe $ 1 000. Maitiro ekuberekwa akave akajeka uye asingakwanisi uye iye zvino anoshandiswa mumasangano ehurumende uye ega ega. Zvisinei, matambudziko akawanda achiri kudiwa kuti atarwe. Semuenzaniso, vanachiremba vakawanda vangave vasina kukwanisa kuwana maitiro uye havazivi nezvemaitiro ekubudirira. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinonyeverawo kuti panofanira kuve nekuenzanisa pakati petariro uye hype uye kuti nyaya dzakanaka dzinofanira kunyatsoongororwa.
Inhengo Itsva kubva Mamasero Ako
Zvichida chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvikuru munharaunda yemishonga chaiyo inodhinda nhengo dze-3-D dziri mumasero ako pachako. Inofanotaurwa kuti mumakore anenge 10 kusvika ku15, nhengo dzichawanzobudiswa kubva kumasero ekukohwa kubva kune varwere pachavo vachishandisa teknolojia ye 3-D bioprinting. Mune ramangwana, sarudzo yekugadzirisa inogona kugadziriswa nekugadzirwa kwegoni-kukura.
Anthony Atala, MD, Mutevedzeri weWake Forest Institute yeRégenerative Medicine (WFIRM), atozviratidza kuti zvinoputika zvinokanganisa zvinogona kubudiswa uchishandisa nzira yakadaro, zvichibatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko rinokonzerwa nekushaiwa kwemuviri. Parizvino, masayendisiti paWFIRM ndivo vanogadzira mhando dzemaviri makumi matatu nemaviri uye nhengo dzinogona kushandiswa senhengo dzinotsiviwa. Organovo, kambani inoshandiswa pamhando yevanhu yakagadzirwa nemunhu, yakasvika iye zvino yakagadzira 3-D chiropa maitiro anogara akashanda uye akachengetedza kwemazuva makumi matanhatu, izvo zviri kuvandudzwa kubva pane zvakasimbiswa kushanda kwemazuva makumi mana. Iyo yakadhindwa chiropa chechiropa inogona kushandiswa kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka, kupa imwe nzira yemhuka uye in vitro kuongorora. Inopawo tariro itsva kuvanhu vane maitiro akasiyana-siyana anokwanisa kubatsirwa kubva pakuwedzerwa. Muna 2016, masayendisiti eChina akabudirira kudhinda chikamu chemwoyo wakasara atrium (kuruboshwe rwemagetsi). Kuiswa kwechikamu ichi kunogona kuita basa mukudzivirira kurwara kune varwere vane hutachiona hwetrial. Zvinotaridzika kuti teknolojia ye-3-D inogona kupa mharidzo yekuvandudzwa kwemunhu ari kuruboshwe rwemagariro ehurumende kana achienzaniswa nemagariro echinyakare ekufungidzira. Izvi zvakakosha kuvashandi vezvechiremba sezvavanoda kunyatsotaridzirwa zvinyorwa zvinotangira vasati vazotanga nemitoo yekudzivirira.
Mobile Technology uye Munhu Akafanirwa neMishonga
Eric Topol, Mutevedzeri uye Purofesa weGenomics paScripps Translational Science Institute, anorondedzera ma-smartphones ari ikozvino-yakawanda sechimbichimbi chemishonga yeramangwana. Nhare dzefoni uye nhare dzemafoni dzinogona kushandiswa se-biosensor-kuenzanisa ropa, ropa rhythm, mahara yehuga uye kunyange mavhinga europi-pamwe nekushanda semunhu akazvidzivirira seytoscope kana ultrasound. Vanhu zvino vanogona kuita zviyero zvizhinji ivo pachavo, pavanenge vachida uye kuti ndezvipi zvakanyanya kunaka kwavari. Vanogona kutarisa uye kududzira dheinhi ravo pasina kushanyira chiremba, kuita kuti utano hwakanyanya huwedzere huri hwega uye munhu mumwechete-kubva.
Matongerwo Emitemo Yakapoteredza Kubudirira kweMunhu Akaitwa Mushonga
Kubva pamambakwedza emishonga chaiwo, zvikamu zvishoma zvekuita izvi zvakakurukurwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinopikisa kuti dzinotakura njodzi yekuderedza mishonga kumaprofayenzi ekunyora. Iko rinonyatsourayiwa mishonga yemitambo yemitambo inofanira kunge inosanganisira chiyero chekuita munhu kuburikidza nekucherechedza maitiro ako akasiyana-siyana, nhoroondo yezvechiremba uye mamiriro ehupenyu. Vazhinji vezvesayenzi uye masayenzi evanhu vanofunga kuti zita rokuti "mishonga yemunhu" rinogona kusanganisira kuchinja kukuru kwebasa kune mumwe munhu, zvichida kubvisa zvimwe zvezvematongerwe enyika izvo zvinokosha kuongorora zvakare. Nzira iyi inogona kunge mune dzimwe nguva inobatsira mutsika "yekupa mhosva munhu akabatwa," kusimbisa kushorwa kwemamwe mapoka evanhu uye kutora hurumende huripo kubva pamiganho inoedza kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwevanhu uye kusaruramisira kunobatawo hutano.
Nyaya yakabudiswa neHastings Center -kutsvakurudza ruzivo inotarisana nehutsika nehutano panyaya yehutano, sayenzi, uye teknolojia-yakaratidza kuti pangave pane zvimwe zvisiri izvo zvinotarisirwa pamishonga yemunhu. Hazvigoneki kuti mune ramangwana, uchakwanisa kugamuchira mishonga yakasiyana-siyana kana kurapwa kwakananga iwe pachako. Mishonga yevanhu iwe pachako inowedzera kuisa vanhu muzvikwata zvichienderana nehupenyu hwemagomu uye kutarisa utano hwako hwehutano uye mhinduro dzezvehutano mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvo mazita emagetsi.
Vanhu vazhinji vane hanya kuti kuenzaniswa sechimwe cheboka rimwechete, zvichida, kuwedzera inshuwarisi yemari yako kana kukuita iwe unoda kudarika basa rinodiwa. Izvi zvisizvo hazvisi zvisizvo. Mishonga yemunhu mumwechete inofambidzana pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwekuwedzerwa kwedhesi, uye kuchengetedza kwedambudziko kunoramba iri dambudziko. Uyezve, kuva mune imwe sangano kunogona kuita kuti iwe uitewo maitiro ekuongorora mapurogiramu senhau yezvemagariro evanhu pamwe nekuderedza rusununguko rwekuzvisarudzira.
Iko kunewo zvingangodaro maitiro ehutano kuvakadzi vanobata genomic mashoko. Semuenzaniso, vanachiremba vangave vachida kufungidzira kubvisa zvimwe zvikamu zvemashoko asina mushonga wezvokurapa. Kujekesa kunoda kuve nekugadzirisa kwakanyatsogadzirisa kudzivisa kuvhiringidza kana kutyisa murwere. Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kuratidza kudzokera kune mishonga yepamusoro apo chiremba anosarudza zvakakunakira iwe uye zvaunofanira kuudzwa. Pane zvakajeka kudikanwa kwehutano hwakasimba munharaunda iyi, pamwe nekudiwa kwekuchenjerera kutarisa kuoneka kuti kunetseka kuri kuenzanisa nezvipo.
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