Iwe unotenda here kuti kutsvakurudza kunochengeterwa masayendisiti? Inowanzofungidzirwa kuti unoda kuva neP.D. uye kushamwaridzana nenzvimbo yekutsvakurudza kuitira kuti tibatanidzwe mubasa resainzi rinozivikanwa. Iwe-iyo-iwe pachako Biology (DIY Biology kana DIY Bio), inozivikanwawo sebiohacking, inopesana nepfungwa iyi.
Iri sangano repasi rose riri kupararira nzira dzakasayirwa dzezvesayenzi pakati pevanhu vakaiswa pasi.
Biohackers vari kurondedzera kuti ani naani anogona kuita chikamu chikuru kune munda we biology. Biohacking inogadzirisa musiyano pakati pevasayendisiti veanamateur uye nyanzvi yezvigadzirwa zvebiologist.
Pano pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo mapoka aya maviri anosangana mune mabhizimisi emazuva ano ayo akazarurirwa kuvanhu. Basa re biohacking rinogona kuva chido cheupenyu hwose, chido chekudaidza kana dzimwe nguva chinotevera bhizinesi guru rebhizimisi. Zvisinei, mubhadharo wemari hauwanzove mberi; biohackers inowanzova mune zvitsva uye kugadzira biotechnological community movement.
Kutanga muna 1988, DIY Bio yakabva yatanga kuva chirevo chakakwana. Muna 2016, musangano wokutanga wakatarisa biohacking wakaitika muWorland - BioHACK PLANET (BioHTP). BioHTP yakaratidza kuti mharaunda iri kukura, zvose zviri munyika uye pasi rose. Nhamba yevatauri vane zvido zvakasiyana uye nzvimbo dzehutano dzakapiwa pamusangano. Vaisanganisira masayendisiti, artists, uye vatsigiri vezviyo zvakasiyana-siyana zvebiohacking labs.
Mumwe wevatauriri vakakurumbira akanga ari Stanford waAndrew Drew Endy, Ph.D., purofesa mubatsiri wezvigadzirwa zvehupenyu, uyo akatumidzwa kuti mumwe wevanhu 75 vane simba zvikuru muzana remakore rechi21 neEsquire. Akave achibatsirana zvikuru nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu uye anozivikanwa nekutsigira pfungwa yesayenzi yakasununguka uye maitiro ekururamisa.
Biohackers for Innovation muMishonga
Kune vamwe vanhu vanotambura uye vanofa pasina chikonzero nekuda kwehuwandu hwehutoriki uye mari yezvimwe zvemakambani nevamwe vanhu here? Uyu mubvunzo unowanzotarirwa nea bihahackers. Kutsvakurudza kwakagadzirwa nemuviri, naizvozvo, kuwedzera kuve pakati pehupenyu hweBio Bio. Pfungwa yekuita kurapwa uye mishonga nyore nyore kuwana inogombedzera, uye biohackers vari kutarisira kuita mishonga inoponesa upenyu inowanikwa kune wese.
Vhura Insulin, somuenzaniso, iprojekti inotungamirirwa neboka re biohackers vari kutarisa mukuvandudza shanduro itsva ye insulin iyo inenge iri mari yakawanda uye yakawanda yakawanikwa. Izvo basa iri riri kuwedzera, uye nzvimbo yakakura iri kuziva kubvisa kwavo vavariro.
Parizvino, hapana insulin inowanikwa, uye varwere vazhinji, kunyanya mumatunhu asina kusimba enyika, vanoenda vasina. Izvi zvinovaisa pangozi yekukurira matambudziko anokonzerwa neshuga, zvakadai sekupofumadza, nharo uye kuora kwepvo, matambudziko emwoyo, uye kunyange rufu. Zvigadzirwa zvekushandiswa kwekugadzira insulin zvakaoma uye zvinowanzobuda kunze, saka svondo re Open Open rinokurudzira shanduro iri nyore iyo inogona kuwanikwa pachena kune ani zvake.
Iyi iyi mitambo yakawanda. Nhanho 1 ichabatanidza kuiswa kweDNA yakanyatsogadziriswa muE.coli mabhakiteriya kuti iite mabhakitiriya kubudisa insulin vacursor. Izvi zvichiteverwa nekusimbisa kuti proinsulin yevanhu yakagadzirwa. Mune zvikamu zvekare, iyo inoshandisa insulin fomu ichagadzirwa. Vavatori vechikamu ndivo vose vanozvipira, uye mari yose yakasimudzirwa yeOver Insulin inonzi inoshandiswa zvakananga pamabasa avo ekutsvakurudza.
Kuvhura Insulin yakagamuchirwawo naJosiya Zayner, Ph.D., CEO uye muvambi weThe Odin, uyo ari mutsigiri mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika mune sayenzi nemishonga.
Zayner's own biohacking ikambani inobhadhara mari yakaderera CRISPR (yakagadziriswa yakawanda inowedzerwa pfupi pfupi palindromic) kits, iyo ine gene-editing system uye inokwanisa kugadzirisa DNA yezvipenyu. Kuedza kwavanoita kunogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pahutano hwehupenyu huno kusvika pakuvandudza nzira yekudhakwa doro. Kuti uite iwe, CRISPR kits anouya akazadza nemuenzaniso unoedza unoshandisa mudziyo nezvimwe zvinyorwa zvema molecular uye majini engineering engineering. Zvimwewo, iwe unogonawo kusarudza kutenga chikwata cheOdin chinokubvumira kuti unogadzira mbiriso yako ye fluorescent.
Zayner akashandisa mazano ake kuti abatsire kutarisira matambudziko ake asingagumi. Iye pachake aitakura muviri wakakwana wekugadzirisa microbiome. Microbiome inoumbwa nemamiriyoni esiriyoni ehutachiona uye inosanganisira mabhakitiriya akawanda anowanikwa mumitumbi yedu: paganda, mumatumbo, mumhino, muromo, nezvimwewo.
Zayner akatsiva microbiome yake isina kunaka uye nehutano hwakanaka kubva kune anopa. Izvi zvaibatanidza kuisa muchengeti wezvipfeko zvefecal, izvo zvakaiswa mukati membeu yakashata. Nzira yacho inogona kufananidzwa nechekufambisa kwemafecal , kunyangwe imwe yezvisiri izvo zvisiri izvo. Maitiro aZayner ave akaratidza kuti anobatsira kwaari. Zvisinei, maitiro ake angangodaro asingabvumirwi kugamuchirwa munharaunda yezvechiremba yezvigaro nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kubva kuHurumende-ye-The-Art Ongororo Ongororo kuGarage Labs
Kazhinji, biohackers vari kushanda pamba, kubva kumakamuri avo okugara kana garaji. Panzvimbo pokutevera mitemo nemitemo, vane rusununguko rwekutsvakurudza mune zvavanosarudza. Vanoshanda voga kana mumapoka mashoma, uye dzimwe nguva vanosanganisira nyanzvi yezvemasayendisiti anogona kupa mazano.
Pane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi ku biohacking, zvakadaro. Wetware zvinhu, somuenzaniso, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuwana kana iwe usina nzvimbo yekuwana. Taq polymerase imwechete yakadai - iyi DNA polymerase inotonhorera inoda kuti polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inobatanidza DNA amplification.
Chikamu chikuru chebasa rehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu ndiyo dzidzo. Mazano-mafundo anobatsira nhengo dzevanhu kuti dzidzidze kubva kune nyanzvi, saka ivo, zvakare, vanozogona kubatsira mune sayenzi. Muna 2010, chikwata chekutanga chemagetsi egyotechnology, chinonzi Genspace, chakavhurwa muBrooklyn, New York. Sezvimwe nemamwe mazano akawanda eBy Bio, yakatangwa neboka revasayendisiti vane chido. Izvi zvinokurudzira vagari venyika uye vanokurudzira nhengo dzayo kuti dzishande pamishonga yavo pachavo uye dziongorore mazano avo. Genspace zvidzidzo dzinodzidziswa nevanodzidza vane doctoral degrees, uye nhengo ye $ 100 pamwedzi, iyo inosanganisira 24/7 kupinda kune zvivako, midziyo, uye vanozvipira.
Counter Culture Labs ndeyomu Oakland pachake biohacking uye vagari venyika yesayenzi. Ivo, zvakare, vanopa mitezo yavo yakakwana yakagadzirirwa ma molecular biology laboratory. Vari kuronga kuisa bhizinesi reBooSafety 2 mune ramangwana, iro rinozovabatsira kuti vashande pamasero evanhu uye vatsaure zvipenyu zvitsva zvebhakitiriya.
Kana iwe uchida kuwana nzvimbo yako yebhiohacking yepamunharaunda, kune dzakawanda dzakanyorwa muNorth America, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzvimbo munyika yose. Mikana yeBio Bio inogona kuva pedyo kupfuura iwe unofunga.
Pfungwa ye biohacking ikozvino ingangodaro inopfuura kudarika miganhu yemasikirusi emakwenzi. Portable, masikati bhokisi-yakakura, mabatatori anogona kuwanikwa. Bento Lab imwecheteyo muenzaniso. Iri ndiro dNA huru yekuongorora iyo iyo inosanganisira zvose zvishandiso zvinokosha zvema molecular biology. Iko inokubvumira kutora zvidzidzo zvehupenyu, kubudisa DNA uye kuita dNA huru yekuongorora. Inosanganisira thermocycler, centrifuge, uye DNA electrophoresis bhokisi, zvichiita kuti rive rakagadzirirwa-kuenda-go-laboratory kit, rakaiswa mubhokisi rakagadzikana rakafanana nefoni.
Bento Lab vavatungamiri veFilipi Boeing naBethan Wolfenden vakakurudzira mari yebazi kuburikidza nekambani yeKickstarter. Apo Bento Lab inokwanisa kutumira chigadzirwa chayo, iyo inyanzvi inogona kunge yakanyatsokodzera zvikoro-based labs pamwe nevanoda biohacking.
Inoshandiswa Kuita Biohacking Yakachengeteka Here?
Vamwe vatsoropodzi vane hanya nezvekuchengetedzwa kwegaraji mabhii uye vanopikisa kuti biohacking inogona kunge iri ngozi, kunyanya pakushanda nezvisikwa zvipenyu. Icho chiitiko chebasa hachina kutongerwa, izvo zviri zviviri zviri nani uye zvisingabatsiri.
Kune rumwe rutivi, biohackers isingadzorwi nemitemo yehurumende inogona kusimudzira miganhu yesayenzi mberi. Kune rimwe divi, vamwe vanotya kuti michina inogona kutyisa inogona kuumbwa mumabhati avo. Zvisinei, biohacking haifaniri kunge yakashandura kune imwe nyika iyo inenge iine ngozi, uye haikwanisi kuti zviiti-iwe-iwe pachako biologist inogona kushandura mukushandura kwemagadziro emagetsi. Biohackers ivo pachavo vanokurudzira maitiro ekutarisira kuburikidza nekusvinura uye vezera rekuongorora.
Izvi zvinogona, zvisinei, zvichishanduka kana masayendisiti achitanga kuchinja maitiro evanhu uye kugadzirisa zvipenyu zvevanhu. Zvikomborero uye njodzi dzemitemo yakadaro (somuenzaniso, kuchinja mwana wemukomana) yakanyanyisa uye inoda kuti zviongororwe zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoshanda kune zvose zvigadziri zvinogona kuita zvidzidzo zvakadaro, kusanganisira mabhuku akachengetedzwa. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinopesana nebasa rose rinogona kutungamirira kuvanhu vane maitiro akashandurwa. Iyi Svondo, iyo Nuffield Council in Bioethics - sangano rakasununguka rakakurudzira vatsigiri vehurongwa-rakabudisa kuongorora kwetsika panyaya yekugadzira gome. Mumashoko avo, vanonyevera nezvenzira iyo maitiro e-genome-editing angagadzirirwa kunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu akachengetedzeka uye kunyanya kutaura kumasayendisiti emamateur iye zvino ane ruzivo rwekutengesa mabhizimusi asina mari.
Vakawanda biohacking labs vanoshanda chete nemaabhakitiriya anonzi akachengeteka. Semuenzaniso, Genspace anoshandisa zvipenyu zvisingaiti-pathogenic uye haishande nemasero evanhu. Vanobatanidzwawo nekunze kwekuchengetedzwa kwebhuku rezano. Maererano neizvi, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofanirwa kuti vanhu vanofanira kubvumira teknolojia yekugadzirisa zvinyorwa kuti ifambire mberi painocherechedza zvirikuitika, saka izvi zvinogona kuva nekana iri nani yekutungamira kune zvinobudirira zvavanenge vachiita sezvo vachienderera mberi.
> Sources:
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> Kera D. Innovation hurumende inobva pakubatana pamwe nekudengenyeka kwenyika yose: Synthetic biology uye nanotechnology munharaunda dzinotyisa. Technol Soc . 2014; 37 (Nanotech inofamba kune imwe nyika: Inyika yose inonzi nanotechnology sechinoshanduka pfungwa): 28-37.
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> Kufunga Nheyo O. Ndezvisina Kurongwa Biohacking Future of Science ?: New at Reason. [serial online]. 2016