Vanhu vanoshanda muzvirongwa zvekuchengetwa kwehutano vanowanzotaridzirwa kune majirisi pavanenge vane kana vakakomberedza varwere. Kuvhara vachengeti vehutano (HCP), kufanana navanachiremba uye vanamukoti, vanovabatsira kudzivirira kubva kune zvirwere zvinogona kuipa zvakadai sechirwere uye kuputira chifuva, pamwe chete nekudzivirira varwere vavanotarisira. Vose vanhu vakuru vanofanira kuve nechokwadi kuti vari kukwira kune dzimwe nguva pamishonga inorayirwa nguva dzose. Asi kana uri HCP kana kushanda munzvimbo yekuchengetedza utano, pane zvidhindwe zvitanhatu zvakanyanya zvinokurudzirwa neDare reMakurukota ekudzivirira kuvhara (ACIP).
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InfluenzaAnofungidzirwa kuti vane zviuru zviviri kusvika ku 56 000 vanofa gore negore muUnited States vachibva kune furuwenza, vachiita kuti ive imwe yezvirwere zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvinodzivirirwa munyika nhasi.
Vanhu vazhinji vanowanzoshungurudzwa pakurapwa kana kuurayiwa nekuda kwechirwere ndevaya avo vagara vambosangana neHCP. Bhuku iri rinosanganisira avo vane maitiro ekurapa, vana vaduku, vakadzi vane pamuviri, uye vakwegura-vamwe vavo havagoni kuvharwa zvakanaka nekuda kwezera kana zvikonzero zvekurapa.
Iwe unogona kuwana chirwere ichi kuburikidza nokufema mukati kana kupinda muhutano nemadonhwe okufema anotsvaira semugumisiro wekukanganiswa kana kunyaidza kana kuburikidza nekubata zvinhu zvakasvibiswa sevashandi vebasa. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kutapukirwa uye kupararira fukenza kunyange kana iwe usingauyi zvakananga nevarwere.
IAACIP inokurudzira munhu wese anopfuura makore matanhatu kuti awane chirwere chegore negore, kusanganisira-uye kunyanya-HCP nemamwe marudzi avanochengeta . Maererano neCDC, inofungidzirwa kuti 88 muzana yevashandi vezvehutano muUnited States vane chirwere chemapfupa mukati megore ra2012 kusvika muna2017, kunyange zvazvo nhamba idzi dzichienderana nemamiriro ega ega.
Zvirongwa zvechipatara zvinowanzova nehutano hwepamusoro hwehutano kupfuura zvivako zvekuchengetedza kwenguva refu semisha inochengeterwa vakwegura, uye vashandi vane mikana yakawanda yekuwana chirwere chechirwere kana zvichidiwa nevashandi vavo. Muzvivako umo chirwere chinotarisirwa, 97 muzana yeHCP inotora chirwere, ichienzaniswa ne 46% chete yevaya vanoshanda mumiganhu iyo isingadiwi, inokurudzirwa, kana kupiwa panzvimbo.
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Hepatitis BHepatitis B inopararira kuburikidza nenyama yemvura yakadai sopa uye salivha. Vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1 vanotenda kuti iye zvino vane utachiona muUnited States. Nemhaka yokuti vakawanda vevanhu ava havanzwi vanorwara, kazhinji havazivi kuti vane chirwere ichi, asi vanogona kuchiparadzira kune vamwe vanhu. Kana ikasatenderwa, utachiona hweH hepatitis B hunogona kutungamirira kune mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa , kusanganisira chirwere chendrhosis uye kenza yeropa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kuvana vaduku zvikuru vanotapukirwa.
Kana HCP iri pangozi yekutengesa hepatitis B, kupemha chikamu chinokosha chekudzivirira utachiona. Apo mazano okuti vachengetedze HCP maererano ne hepatitis B kutanga yakabuda muna 1982, inofungidzirwa kuti zviuru gumi zvezvirwere zvakaitika pakati pevashandi vezvechiremba uye mazino masangano. Muna 2004, maingova 304 chete. Muna 2015, 74 muzana yeHCP nehutano hwehutano hwakanga hwakapiwa chirwere. Kunyange zvazvo yakakwirira kudarika vanhu vakuru vose, chiyero ichi chakanyanya pasi pe 90% chinangwa chinotsanangurwa muHurumende Vanhu 2020, chinangwa chezvinangwa zvenyika kuti zvizadziswe negore ra2020 kuvandudza utano hwehuwandu hweUnited States.
Vose HCP avo vasati vachengetedzwa nehepatitis b vanofanira kugamuchira mitsara yakazara mitatu, uye avo vanogona kusangana nemadziviriro emuviri vanofanira kuongororwa mwedzi miviri mushure mekunge mubairo wekupedzisira uone kuti miviri yavo yakapindura zvakanaka vaccine.
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Measles, Mumps, uye Rubella (MMR)Measles yakaziviswa yakabviswa kuUnited States mugore ra2000, asi chirwere chacho chinoramba chichiwanzoonekwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika, uye kuputika kwepaduku kuchiri kuitika pano pamba. Ndeimwe yezvirwere zvinopararira zvikuru zvinozivikanwa nevanhu uye zvinokwanisa kugara mumhepo kwemaawa maviri mushure mokunge munhu ane utachiona atobuda muimba yacho.
Nemhaka yokuti masikisi haasisina kuwanda muUnited States, vabereki vaduku vangasaziva zviratidzo zvechirwere uye saka usatora matanho asati aunza vana vane utachiona muhutano hwehutano. Uye izvozvo zvinogona kukonzera kuputika, sezvakaitika muna 2008. Mumwe mukomana asina makore, ane makore manomwe ane masero akashanyira hofisi yevana vevana uye asingazivi kuti akapfuudza hutachiona kune vamwe vana vana-vatatu vavo vakanga vachiri vaduku kuti vawane chirongwa cheMMR panguva iyoyo. Mumwe wemucheche aifanira kupinda muchipatara. Mukomana uyu akashanyira zvirongwa zvakawanda zvehutano asati aongororwa ane masero, asina mitemo yekusungirirwa yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vamwe varwere kana kushungurudzwa HCP.
Kunyange munyika dzakabudirira dzakadai seUnited States, inenge imwe yevanhu vana vane magirazi inofanirwa kupinda muchipatara. Munyika yose, vanenge 100 000 vanhu vanorwara nechirwere gore negore, kunyanya vana. Kurora ndeye nzira yakanyanyobudirira yekudzivirira rufu nekuremara kubva kumasese. Maererano neWorld Health Organisation, chirwere chacho chakadzivirira vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri vakafa pakati pe2000 ne2016.
Kunyange zvazvo rubella nemakumbo zvisingaiti zvakanyanya kupfuura maserosi, HCP isina kuvharwa inogona kutapukirwa mushure mekuratidzwa kune varwere vane zvirwere izvi, uye inozopedza mavharusi kune varwere vane utachiona husina simba, sekunge vakadzi vane pamuviri.
Unvaccinated HCP uyo akaberekwa muna 1957 kana mushure mekufanirwa kuwana miviri miviri yeMMR, mazuva makumi maviri oga oga. HCP inoberekwa kare 1957 inowanzofungidzirwa kuti haina kudzivirirwa nemasero, mawere, uye rubella, asi kunze kwekuti vanga kuratidza uchapupu hwokuti vangave vane zvirwere kana kuti vakaongororwa vane hutachiwana, vanofanirwa kuve vachirwa neMMR ine nhamba imwe ( kana kusina uchapupu hwekudzivirirwa kurwisana neRubella chete) kana 2 mizinga (kana isina uchapupu hwomukati uye / kana masero). Vakadzi vasina kudzivirirwa vachishanda mumararamiro ehutano avo vanogona kutora mimba (asi vasati varipo) vanofanirawo kugamuchira kana imwe nhamba yeMMR kudzivirira kurwisana neRubella.
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Tetanus, Diphtheria, uye Pertussis (Tdap)Mishonga miviri yeetetus iripo: Tdap uye Td. Zvose izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvinopisa zvinokonzerwa ne tetanus uye diphtheria mabhakitiriya, asi chete Tdap inosanganisira iyo pertussis.
Pertussis, inozivikanwawo sekukandira chifukidziro, chirwere chekufema chinogona kunyanya kutyisa vana vaduku. Kufanana nefuruwenza, inopararira kuburikidza nekukanganiswa nekunyunyuta, pamwe nekubatana kwepedyo sekutsvoda. Nokuti zviratidzo zvokutanga zve pertussis zvinogona kuonekwa zvakatarisa sehovha yakawanda, vazhinji vakura havatombozivi kuti vane utachiona. HCP inoshanda muzvirongwa zvehutano inoita seinonyanya kuisa pangozi yekutengesa nekuparadzira pertussis. Uye avo vanoshanda muzvipatara zvekuchengetedza zvakanyanya muzvirongwa zvechipatara vanofanira kunge vakangwarira zvikuru zve pertussis, sezvo zvingave zvinouraya kune vacheche vasati vasvika kana vakawana utachiona.
Vose veHCP vasina kumbove kana vasingazivi kuti vakapora vachipikisana ne-pertussis vanofanira kuwana kana imwe nhamba yeTdap-zvisinei kuti yakave yakareba kwenguva yakareba sei kubvira pakupedzisira yakagamuchira Td-uye inodzokororwa zvakare neTetanus kana kunze kwechikamu che pertussis kamwechete kamwe nemakore gumi. HCP uyo ane pamuviri anofanirawo kugamuchira Tdap munguva yechitatu yemamiriyoni ega ega nepamuviri.
Pasinei nezvikurudziro izvi, zvisinei, hafu yeHCP yakapiwa chirwere neTdap muna 2015.
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VaricellaVaricella, kana chickenpox, haisisiri nzvimbo yakawanda muUnited States, nekuda kwekudzivirira kupararira. Asi kuputika kuchiri kuitika munyika yose, uye mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kupararira nokukurumidza muhutano hwehutano. Chirwere chacho chinogona kuva chinonyanya kukanganisa kuvarwere vakuru vasina simba, kusanganisira vakadzi vane pamuviri.
Kufanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda, vanhu vanotapukirwa varicella vanogona kupararira zuva rimwe kana maviri vasati vawana kuraira. Kana iwe uri mutarisiri wehutano achikurukura nevarwere, migumisiro yehutachiona husinganzwisisiki inogona kudhura. Dzidzo dzakaratidza kuti mumwe chete anopa varicella anogona kuratidzira varwere vanopfuura makumi matatu kuhutachiona, uye mazana akawanda kune vamwe vashandi. Mukuwedzera pakuva asina kufara zvachose, vanhu vakuru vanoita kuva nematambudziko akakura evaricella, uye chirwere chinogona kuva nengozi zvikuru kune vakaroora nevarwere.
Unvaccinated HCP isina bhishopi uchapupu hwehutachiona kana hutano hwehutano hwehutachiona ne varicella hunofanira kuwana miviri miviri yemushonga, inopera mavhiki mana kunze.
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MeningococcalMeningococcal chirwere chirwere chinokonzera bhakitiriya chinogona kukonzera meningitis , mamiriro ezvinhu apo bhandi reuropi rave ranyunguduka. Chirwere chacho hachiwanzovi asi chinogona kuva chakakomba, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwemaviri, kushaya matsi, kana kufa muine maawa akawanda chete. Vachiri kuyaruka uye vechidiki vari pangozi.
Hazviwanzoiti kuti HCP itapukwe nehutachiona hwevarume kubva kune varwere, asi zvinogona kuitika, kunyanya kune avo vanotaurirana zvakananga pamwe nekudzivirirwa kwepfungwa dzevanhu vane hutachiwana-panguva yekutarisa mhepo pakudzora, semuenzaniso-kana iyo bhakitiriya pachayo muharairare iri.
Kana iwe uri HCP uyo anowanzotaurirana nevarwere, kana iwe ukatora mifananidzo mubazi, iwe unofanirwa kuwana imwe chirwere chemukoko we meningococcal.
Shoko Rinobva
Vanachiremba, vanachiremba, vanachiremba vanobatsira, uye vamwe HCP vanoita basa rinokosha pakudzivirira hutano hwevanhu. Iwe unotarisira avo vanotambura zvikuru pakati pedu, uye semugumisiro, zviise pangozi, zvakare, kune zvirwere zvinotapukira zvaunoita. Kurora ndeimwe yenhanho dzinokosha iwe iwe semutarisiri wehutano anogona kutora kuti usadzivirire iwe pachako, asiwo nevarwere vamunotarisira.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Yakapiwa Vaccines for Healthcare Workers.
> Immunization Action Coalition. Healthcare Vaccination Personnel Vaccination Recommendations . 2016.
> McLean H, Fiebelkorn A, Temte J. Kuchengetedza masero, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, uye mumps, 2013: Kukurukurirana mazano eKomiti Yemazano Pamabasa Okudzivirira (ACIP). Kushungurudza uye Kufa Vhiki Yevhiki. 2013; 62 (RR04): 1-34.
> Shefer A, Atkinson W, Friedman C, et al; Kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi vehutano: Zvirongwa zveDare reMakurukota ekudzivirira kuvhara (ACIP). Kushungurudza uye Kufa Vhiki Yevhiki . 2011; 60 (RR07): 1-45.
> Williams WW, Lu P, O'Halloran A, et al; Kuongororwa kwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwekuvharidzira pakati pevanhu vakuru - United States, 2015. Kushungurudza uye Kufa Vhiki Yevhiki. 2017; 66 (011): 1-28.