Cataract Surgery

Zvaunoda Kuziva NezveCataract Surgery

Kuvhiyiwa kweCataract inzira inogadzirirwa kurapa kana kubvisa cataract . Chirwere chetachiona ndechekuvhara kwemaziso emeso. Kusuruvara inowanzoita chikamu chekukwegura, uye chinokonzera kukonzera kwekupofumadza pakati pevanhu vakwegura kupfuura makore 55. Sezvo chirwere chinowedzera kuipa, chiratidzo chako chinova chiduku uye chiduku.

Chii chinokonzera chirwere?

Vazhinji vedu tichava nematambudziko pane imwe nguva muupenyu hwedu.

Nharo dzakaita semvere dzembudzi - vamwe vedu tichaenda vhudzi mumatatu edu, asi vamwe vedu havazooni chero sirivha kusvikira makumi emakore gare gare. Kusuruvara kunogona kukura kare kune vamwe vanhu, asi haunzwisisi kuva nehukuru uye kuoneka kuora mwoyo kuvanhu vazhinji kusvikira pavanotanga makore makumi manomwe.

Zvinokonzera njodzi dzekugadzirisa utachiona :

• Chirwere cheshuga
• Kushungurudzwa kweziso
• Kuvhiyiwa kweziso
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yehutachiona
• Kusvuta
• Mamwe mishonga
• UV kufungidzirwa
• Congenital development

Ndiani anoda chirwere chetachiona?

Kuvhiyiwa kweCataract kunoda kana hutano hwehuono hwako hunochinja mararamiro ako uye mabasa ezuva nezuva. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti zvawakaratidzwa zvinogona kuvandudzwa nekuve nekuvhiyiwa kwechirwere, ronga hurongwa hwekutarisa kweziso . Penguva yekuongororwa kweziso rako rakazara , chiremba wako weziso achaita miedzo yakasiyana-siyana yekuongororwa kuitira kuti aone kuoma kwematambudziko ako.

Paunofunga nezvekuvhiyiwa kwechipatara, zvibvunze mibvunzo inotevera:

• Wakamboita here kuti chirairo chako chemaziso chekare chichinje kakawanda?
• Iwe hausi kuona sezvamunofunga kuti iwe unenge uine magirazi ako matsva here?
• Ko mavara anoita seasina kunaka here?
• Ko chiratidzo chako chinoratidzika sechidiki here?
• Iko chiratidzo chako chakaipa here usiku?
• Iwe unotarisa glare kana halos panopenya magetsi paunenge uchityaira usiku?
• Unoda chiedza chakawanda kuti uone zvakajeka here?

Kana wakapindura "hongu" kune chero ipi zvayo mibvunzo iri pamusoro, cataract ingave ichikanganisa maonero ako. Kuvhiyiwa kweCataract kunogona kukurudzirwa kana kubvisa mavara emagetsi ndiko kurapa kwakanyanya.

Chiremba wangu achaona sei kana ndichida chirwere checataract?

Kuongororwa kweziso rakajeka nemunhu anonzi optometrist kana ophthalmologist ichaitwa kuti uongorore kuoma kwematambudziko ako. Chiremba wako anotanga nekuitisa kudzokorora kwenyaya yako yezvechiremba, kusanganisira nhoroondo yemhuri yako. Iva nechokwadi chokuti iwe unoudza chiremba wako chero upi noupi hwemishonga yemishonga kana zvimwe zvinhu zvaungave nazvo. Chiremba wako achazoita ruzivo rwekuongorora zvirwere zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Kutarisana neChiratidzo chekuona - Maonero ekuona zviri chiyero chekuti iwe unokwanisa sei kuona. Kugadziriswa kuchaitwa kuti uone kushandiswa kwakawanda kwechirongwa chitsva chinogona kuunza pane zvawakaratidzwa.
  
• PAM Muedzo - Kuongorora kwePAM, kana kuti kuongorora kwemaminiti ekuongorora, kuchaudza chiremba wako chiyero chemaonero akawanikwa kana chirwere chechipatara chiri kuitwa.
  
• Slit Light Lamp Exam - Kuongororwa kwechiedza chemajeri eziso kuchaitwa kuburikidza neshizha rinopinza kuti rienzanise nekuoma kwecataract. Kuderedza maziso ako kuchapa chiremba wako pfungwa yakajeka.

Ndinofanira kugadzirira sei kurapwa kwechirwere?

Chiremba wako achacherechedza mararamiro ako, zvinhu zvinokufadza uye mabasa ezuva nezuva kuti uone kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekuvhiya kwecataract inokuitira iwe. Taura nachiremba wako wekutanga wekuchirapa kana nyanzvi kana iwe uine matambudziko makuru ehutano usati wagadzirira chirongwa. Chiremba wako wechiremba angada kupiwa rubatsiro kubva kuchiremba wemhuri yako kana une chirwere chepfungwa kana kuporesa.

Iva nechokwadi chekuti uchengetedze vasanangudzo vasati vashandura nechiremba wenyu weziso. Pamberi pekuvhiyiwa kwechirwere, chiremba wako achada kuyera maziso ako kuti aone simba rakakodzera uye yakagadzirwa ye intraocular lens implant iyo ichaiswa muziso rako.

Dana kambani yako inshuwarisi kuti uone mari. Kunyange zvazvo mahofisi akawanda emakirini echipatara ari akanaka kwazvo pakusarudza mari yekunze-in-pocket inobatanidza nekutora chirwere checataract, iyo pfungwa yakanaka kuva nepfungwa yepamusoro yekugona kubvisa zvigaro kana kuti ma-inshuransi angave akakodzera panguva yebasa. Iwe unogona kunge uine mari dzisingatarisirwi, dzakadai sokubhadhara kunzvimbo yekuvhiya uko chirwere chichaitwa. Iva nechokwadi kuti vanachiremba vako vose vari mu-network kunze kwekunge iri dambudziko.

Ronga zuva rako rekuvhiyiwa zvakakodzera. Usapfeke maziso maziso kumushandi wako wokugadzirira. Ramba uchirapa maziso kana madonhwe emeso akataurwa newachiremba wako wechiremba. Iva nechokwadi chekuti une shamwari kana wemumhuri akabatanidzwa kuti akudzingire iwe kumba mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Kuvhima pachako kunogona kungopedza maminetsi makumi maviri nemashanu asi iwe unogona kunge uri panzvimbo yekuvhiya kana chipatara kwemaawa maviri, kusanganisira nguva yekupora uye yekudzorera.

Chii chinoitika panguva yekuvhiyiwa kwekataract?

Kuvhiyiwa kweCataract kunowanzova nzira yekutenda-kunze, izvo zvinoreva kuti iwe uchaenda kumusi iwoyo zuva rekuvhiyiwa. Pazuva rekuvhiyiwa kwako, unogona kupiwa unyoro hwemadonho uye maziso achaiswa mukati kuitira kuti mudzidzi wako awedzere. Ganda rakakomberedza ziso rako uye eyelid ichacheneswa uye inotapudzwa. Bhuku rakaoma richaiswa pamusoro pemusoro wako uye zvakakomberedza ziso rako. Kuvhiyiwa kweCataract kunoitwa nekusanyanya aneshesia. Kutaura zvazviri, kungoita maziso emadonzvo emeso chete kunodiwa muna 98% emhosva.

Kutanga kuvhiyiwa, kufungisisa zviduku kuchaitwa munharaunda yekunze kwekornea yako, yakajeka dome-sarudzo yakatarisana nechokutanga cheziso rako. Zvadaro, bhegi reka kapsule kana lens rinosvinudzwa. Tsvina shoma shoma ichaiswa muziso rako. Iyi probe ichapedza cataract panguva yakakwirira kwazvo yehute uye izvo zvasara zvichazobudiswa. A new, clear lens implant ichaiswa muziso rako kuburikidza nekukanganiswa kwechidiki kumwe uye kunzvimbo panzvimbo. Iko kusungirirwa kuchava kuzvisimbisa uye hazvidi kuti zvidimbu mu 99% zvezviitiko.

Chii chandinofanira kutarisira mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwecataract?

Ziso rako ringanzwa runyoro kana kuti rakatsvaira kwekutanga 24-48 maawa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwekataract. Chiratidzo chako chinogona kunge chichikanganiswa nekuda kwekudzikisa uye mafuta anouraya maitiro anowanzoiswa mushure mekushanda. Iwe uchapiwa mashoma madonhwe emeso akasiyana kuti ushandise kwemavhiki mashomanana mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Iva nechokwadi chokuti une mishonga yako yose yakazadzwa panguva yakakodzera pa pharmacy yako. Aya madonhwe eziso anoshandiswa kudzivirira utachiona uye kutarisira kuputika.

Iwe unofanirwa kudzivisa kubata uye kubvisa ziso rako. Chiremba wako achaita kuti iwe ugone kurara nechidziviriro chemaziso usiku kuti usapinda mungozi muuno rako. Kwemazuva mashomanana mushure mekuvhiyiwa, zvakanaka kushandisa maziso ako kuverenga, kunyora kana kutarira terevhizheni. Iwe unofanirwa kudzivisa kupfugama uye nekusimudza zvinhu zvakaoma kwevhiki rokutanga kana maviri shure kwekuvhiyiwa.

Ziso rako rinogona kunge rakatsvaira mushure mekuvhiyiwa izvo zvinogona kukonzera zvishoma kuonesa kwevhiki yekutanga kana zvakadaro. Chiremba wako angangokumbira kukumbira iwe kuti upinde maitiro akawanda ekutevera-kutarisa kuti uongorore kuvhiringidza uku uye unhu hwehuono hwako.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinokonzerwa nekuvhiyiwa kwekataract?

Kuvhiyiwa kweCataract ndeimwe yemapurisa akachengeteka akaitwa ne 98% emhosva dzinoitika pasina zvinetso. Dzimwe nguva zvinetso zvemashure-operative zvinogona kukura, kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Utachiona - Kurwara zvakananga mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwechirwere kunogona kuva kwakakomba zvikuru uye kunofungidzirwa kuti iri zveruzhinji. Kana uine zvinopfuura marwadzo anotarisirwa kana kubwinya, tumira chiremba wako pakarepo.
• Kuvhiringidzika - Chimwe chimiro chekuvhiringidza kunotarisirwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwecataract. Kuvhiringidza kunogona kukonzera kushuvira kwekunzwa, kurwadziwa kana kumeso.
• Kuzvimba - Kurerera kumashure kwe retina kunogona kuitika mune vamwe varwere. Kunyangwe pamusoro, izvi zvinowanzogadzirisa mune varwere vakawanda mukati memwedzi kana kupfuura.
• Retinal detachment - Vamwe varwere vari pangozi yakanyanya yekugadzira retinal detachment panguva kana nguva pfupi mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwechipatara. Kana iwe ukaona mavara, maruva kana kutonhora kwechiedza, dana chiremba weziso rako.
• Posterior capsular haze - The capsule behind the new lens implant inogona kuvhara uye ichinetseka mu20-40% yevarwere vanotevera chirwere chechipatara. Zvawakaratidzwa zvinogona kuva zvakajeka. Nzira iri nyore yaisvitsa inozivikanwa se " Yag capsulotomy " inogona kuitwa kuti ibvise iyi hazy capsule.

Nguva yekudzorera

Vanhu vazhinji vanorwara kubva pakuvhiyiwa kwekataract nokukurumidza, asi vamwe vanogona kudzoka zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura vamwe. Vakawanda vanovhiyiwa vane chirwere chechipatara vanovhiringidzika mushure mokunge vavhiyiwa chirwere chechirwere uye zviratidzo zvavo zvinoratidzika zvakajeka uye zvinononoka kuvandudza. Nguva yakakwana yekugadzirisa inopesana asi vanhu vazhinji vachave nehumwe hutsvuku, kuvhiringidza uye kuonesa kwemaonero kwevhiki imwechete. Rusununguko runowedzera kubuda nokukurumidza. Kuvhiringidzika mukati meziso kubva pakuvhiyiwa kunowedzera kutenderera kwevhiki kana maviri. Kuvhiringidzika kunoonekwa navanachiremba vachishandisa marambi ekutsvaira biomicroscope. Masero ekuvhiringidza uye matsime anoonekwa munzvimbo yekutanga yeziso. Mune vamwe varwere, kuputika kunogona kusindimara uye kunogona kupedzisa kwenguva yakareba semwedzi miviri.

Vakawanda vanorwara vanoona maonero mashoma kwemazuva mashomanana, uye chiratidzo chinonyatsojeka uye chakajeka zuva rimwe nerimwe. Pane dzimwe nguva, vamwe varwere vachave nehuwandu hwemadema kana kuvhara mukati mekutanga kweziso. Uku kuzvimba kunogona kuumba maonero akajeka kupfuura vanhu vakawanda vanoona mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Zvisinei, neyakakodzera post-operative kuchengetedza uye mishonga, inowanzobuda pachena. Vanachiremba vazhinji vanoita chirongwa chekutevera vanoshanyira rimwe zuva mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kwevhiki imwechete zvakare pamasvondo 3-4. Kunyanya kurapa kunoitika zvizere uye chiratidzo chinoratidzika kuti chakachengetwa nevhiki ina mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Nzira Dzokukurumidza Kudzorera

Vanhu vakawanda vane chirwere chechipatara vachaona kuwedzera kwakaratidzwa muono mumazuva maviri mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Mumwe anogona kukurumidzira kupora nekudzidzira dzose madonhwe eziso zvakataurwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa sezvakanongororwa. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuminwe kubva mumaziso uye nzvimbo yakakomberedza maziso yakachena.

Mhinduro Yezvinetso Zowakananga

Kuvharirwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwechirwere hakuwanzoitiki. Zvisinei, inogona kunge yakaoma zvikuru. Utachiona hunogona kudziviswa kuburikidza uchishandisa madonhi maziso emaziso sezvakataurwa nemuvhiya wako. Vanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira dzisina kuchena muimba yekushandisa kuti dzidzivirire utachiona.

Kuvhiringika kwakajairika mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwechirwere. Kuvhiringidza kunogona kutenderera kwenguva yakati mushure mekuvhiyiwa asi kunowanzobviswa nyore nyore kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwetemikari steroid maziso emeso. Kazhinji, varwere vanopiwa madonhwe emeso matatu: antibiotic, steroid uye kwete-steroidal anti-inflammatory (yakafanana neIbuprofen.) Kunyange zvazvo zvose zvakakosha, nzira chaiyo iyo steroid inotorwa inokosha zvikuru mukududzira shure-operative kuvhiringidzika. Kazhinji, iwe unorayirwa kuisa steroid madonhesi kakawanda, dzimwe nguva kunyange maawa maviri, uye ipapo steroid inowanikwa pasi pevhiki shomanana.

Kuchema kunogona kuitika kumashure kwe retina (macula) mune nhamba duku yevarwere vane chirwere checataract. Izvi zvinonzi cystoid macular edema (CME.) CME inogona kusindimara asi inowanzogadzirisa zvachose kuburikidza nekuenderera kusina-steroidal anti-inflammatory kwenguva yakareba. Kana ikasagadzirisa, nyanzvi inogona kuvhara mishonga zvakananga muziso. Vanachiremba vanowanzosiyana nenzira iyo vanoita nayo kusangana uku.

Retinal detachment is complication yakakomba yokuvhiya kwekataract. Zvakakosha kudzivirira kukonzera uku nokuti zvakaoma kufanotaura kuti varwere zvingakanganisa chii. Izvo zvinowanzoitika kakawanda kune vanhu vanoona zviri mberi kana kuti izvo zvakambova nemisodzi kana mauto. Zvakanakisisa kuti uteerere dhigirii wako uye uchengetedze mabasa ose ekugadzirira. Zviratidzo zvemashure ekudzoka zvakasvibiswa zviratidzo, kutenderera, kupenya kwechiedza kana chifukidzo kana chidzitiro chinogona kukura mune zvawakaratidzwa.

Posterior capsular haze ihwowo hunyunyuta hwakajairika mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwekatarita, asi inorapwa nyore nyore. Chikamu chemashure che capsule umo urombo hunovapo hunongobviswa nea laser.

Kuverenga Pashure Kokuvhiya

Mushure mokuvhiyiwa kwechirwere, vamwe varwere vanotya kushandisa maziso avo, kana kunetseka kuti kuverenga zvakanyanya kunonoka kunonoka kuporesa. Kune chikamu chikuru, unogona kuverenga kana kushandisa maziso ako zvakanyanya sezvaunoda. Zvisinei, kana uchiverenga zvakanyanya iwe, kunyanya maziso ako anogona kuoma. Paunenge uchiverenga kana kushandisa kombiyuta kwenguva yakareba, unofunga kuti usazununguka kazhinji uye maziso ako anganzwa akaoma. Kana uchida kuverenga zvakanyanya, ita kuti chiremba aratidze maitiro ekufungidzira kazhinji. Uyewo, usakanganwa kuisa yako post-operative mishonga sezvakarayirwa.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, vanhu vazhinji vachave nekusiyana zvakasiyana uye vanogona kutora mishonga yakazara zvachose yezvinyorwa zvavo kana magirasi ekuverenga. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe varwere vangada kutarisirwa kwenguva refu, nguva yekuporesa inenge mavhiki mana mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Panenge mavhiki mana, kana chiratidzo ichiita sechinyatsogadzikana, chiremba achabudisa girapa rejeri reziso rekare kana mumwe achidiwa. Zvichienderana nehutachiona hwekushaya chirwere, magirazi haafaniri kudiwa zvachose.

> Kwakabva:

> Murrill, Cynthia. Maitiro ekurapa maitiro ekurapa mazano ekurapa Kuchengetedzwa kwevarwere vakwegura neCataract, Reference Guide for Clinicians. Yakagadzirirwa neAmerican Optometric Association (AOA) Consensus Panel, yakagamuchirwa neAOA Board of Trustees, Mbudzi 1999, Yakadzokororwa 2004.