Hyperkalemia ndiyo izwi rezvokurapa reropa re potassium yepamusoro. Potassium is a chemical element that is essential for life. Zvinonyanya kukosha kwekushanda kwemaitiro emagariro anotsigira pakuparidzirwa kwemashoko emagetsi-mwoyo, masimba, uye mitsipa. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda uye zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera hyperkalemia kusanganisira chirwere chepfungwa, moyo wekushaya simba, chirwere cheshuga, uye mamwe mishonga.
Muvanhu vakuru, chirwere chinowanzosvika pasiyasi inenge iri pakati pe 3.6 ne5.2 mEq / L. Mazinga ePotassium angave akadzika kwazvo (hypokalemia) kana kuti akakwirira zvikuru anogona kuva matambudziko anotyisa.
Zvinowanzokonzera
Pane zvakawanda zvingaita zvinokonzera hyperkalemia, asi zvinogona kuputsika kusvika mumapoka matatu makuru.
Yakaderera Kunaka kwePotassium
Nemhaka yekuchengetedza kwemazuva ose epo potassium zvakakosha kuhupenyu, itsvo dzedu dzine nzira dzakanaka dzekurembera ku potassium kudzivirira mazinga edu kuti asave akaderera kwazvo, uyewo kubvisa potassium yakawanda mumuginho kudzivirira mazinga edu kubva pakukwirira. Zvisinei, nehutachiona hwekushaya simba kana chirwere chepfungwa chisingaperi , kukwanisa kwetsvo kushandisa potassium kunogona kushaya simba, uye hyperkalemia inogona kugadziriswa. Mazuva asati apera dialysis , hyperkalemia yaiva chikonzero chekufa kwevanhu vane zvirwere zvepfungwa.
Kupera kweeiyo inonzi exretion potassium inogonawo kuitika ne:
- Chirwere cheAdisonison (kusagadzikana kwezvinyorwa zvinonzi adrenal)
- Congestive heart failure
- Kurwisa kwechiropa
- Mamwe mishonga inobata renin-aldosterone system inosanganisira angiotensin-kuchinja enzyme (ACE) inhibitors , angiotensin II inogadzirisa zvipembenene , zvinonzi antisteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), calcineurin inhibitors, heparin, uye potassium-sparing diuretics seAldactone naCarospir ( spironolactone ) uye Inspra (eplerenone)
Kuwedzera Kwokubudiswa kwePotassium Kubva Maselo
Nemhaka yekuti potassium yakawanda mukati memasero emumuviri wako inenge makumi matatu akapamhi kupfuura iyo iri muropa rako, chero chii chinokonzera kubudiswa kwe potassium kubva mukati memasero kusvika kunze kwemasero kunogona kubereka hyperkalemia. Kana muviri wako uine asidi yakawanda, inonzi acidosis, yakadai sechirwere cheshuga ketoacidosis , potassium inobva kunze kwemasero ako uye inogona kuita zvakakosha uye inogona kuisa upenyu hunopisa hyperkalemia.
Kukanganisa kwemavara kunogonawo kugadzira kuchinja kwe potassium kubva mukati memasero kusvika kunze kwemasero, kungoerekana kwaitika kuora mwoyo kwema cell membranes. Hyperkalemia kubva kukuvadzwa kwemaviri kunogona kuitika nemhando ipi neipi yekushungurudzika kwakakomba, kupisa, kuvhiyiwa, kukurumidza kukurumidza kwemaitiro emakumbo, hemolytic anemia , kana rhabdomyolysis , kuparadzwa kwemasero masero anokwanisa kuitika nekupiswa kwehutsva , kana nechinwiwa chinodhaka kana chinodhaka .
Zvimwe zvinokonzera kukonzera kusunungurwa kwe potassium kubva mumasero emumuviri wako zvinosanganisira:
- Kusakwana kwe insulin kunokonzera hyperglycemia (yakawanda glucose muropa rako), yakadai inogona kuitika mune chirwere cheshuga chisina kudzora kana chisina kudzora
- Kushayikwa kweElulin semubairo wekutsanya, kunyanya kune vanhu vari pa dialysis
- Insulin inoshaya kutora somatostatin kana Sandostatin (octreotide), mahomoni anodzivisa mahomoni ekukura
- Tumor lysis syndrome, iyo inogona kuitika kana iwe une lymphoma kana leukemia uye iwe wakapiwa chemotherapy kana kuti remishonga
- Beta blockers
- Kuwedzerwa ropa
Kunyanya Kuwedzerwa kwePotassium
Kana iwe unowanzoshanda itsvo, zvakaoma kukudziridza hyperkalemia kubva pakusanganisa potassium yakawanda mukudya kwako. Zvisinei, zvinokwanisika kuendesa ropa rezverasium yepamusoro kana iwe ukatora yakawandisa ye potassium zvinowedzera, kunyanya kana iwe uine chirwere chepfungwa, kana iwe uri kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodzivisa potassium excretion yakafanana nezvataurwa pamusoro apa.
Genetics
Pane zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvinokonzerwa nekuzvarwa izvo zvinogona kukonzera hyperkalemia. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa zvose zvine maitiro ekuongorora.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism Tanga 1
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma mumuviri wako kutonga sodium, iyo inonyanya kuitika muitsvo dzako. Kune mhando mbiri dzePHA1: autosomal inowanikwa PHA1, iyo inonyoro uye inowanzovandudza munguva yehuduku, uye kuzvipira kwepamusoro PHA1, iyo yakaoma zvikuru uye haifaniri kuva nani. Ichi chirwere chinogona kutungamirira ku hyperkalemia nokuti yakawanda ye sodium inosunungurwa mumuguta wako, zvichiita kuti uwandu hwema sodium nehupamhi hwe potassium muropa rako. Ichokwadi, hyperkalemia inofungidzirwa seimwe yezvinhu zvikuru zvechirwere ichi.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism rudzi rwekutanga runokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini mana emagetsi anokonzera sarudzo yepamutemo. Aya mazamu anosanganisira NR3C2 (geni rinokonzera kuzvikudza kwePHA1), SCNN1A, SCNN1B, kana SCNN1G, iyo inokonzera kuzvipira kwepasimusi PHA1. Ichi chiitiko chinongogadzirisa inenge 1 pavana 80 000 vacheche vacheche.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism Tora 2
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 (PHA2), inozivikanwawo seGordon's syndrome, ihwo humwe hutano hunokonzera hyperkalemia. Iyi dambudziko rinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma mumuviri wako kutonga zvose sodium uye potassium, zvichiita kuwedzera kwehutano weropa uye hyperkalemia, asi hutachiona hwepfungwa. Hyperkalemia inotanga kuitika kutanga, apo kuwedzerwa kweropa kunowedzera mberi.
PHA2 inokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemukati muWNK1, WNK4, CUL3, kana KLHL3 geni, iyo yose inobatsira kutsigira ropa rinokonzerwa neropa. Izvi zvakare chirwere chisingawanzoitiki, asi hachizivikanwe kuti sei PHA2 inowanzoitika.
Mwoyo
Kuora mwoyo mwoyo kusakonzerwa kunoonekwa seimwe yezvinokonzera hyperkalemia, sezvimwe yemishonga iyo vanhu vane mwoyo inokundikana kunowanzotora, kusanganisira diuretics, ACE inhibitors, uye beta blockers. Nokuda kweizvi, kana iwe uine kushaya mwoyo kwepfungwa uye iwe uri kutora imwe yemishonga inoponesa upenyu, iwe unogona kuderedza kuwanda kwenhamba ye potassium mune zvaunodya kuti ubatsire kuderedza ngozi yekuvandudza hyperkalemia. Chiremba wako angangonyatsotarisawo potassium muropa rako uye ave nechokwadi chokuti uri muwandu hwemhando yemhando yemishonga inokonzera potassium mazinga kuwedzera.
Lifestyle Risk Factors
Kana iwe une chirwere cheshuga, pakati pezvikonzero zvakawanda nei zvichikosha kuti utachiona hwako huve pasi pehutano ingozi yekuvandudza hyperkalemia, iyo inogona kutungamirira kurufu kana ikava yakaoma. Apo chirwere chako cheshuga chinotungamirirwa zvisina kunaka kana chisina kudzora, unopedzisira uine glucose yakawandisa mumaropa ako, zvichiita kuti uwane urombo hunoita kuti uwane hyperkalemia nezvimwe zvinetso zvinopisa upenyu. Iva nechokwadi chekushanda nachiremba wako kuti uwane chirongwa chekurapa chinoshanda kwauri mukudzora ropa rako glucose kuitira kuti unogona kuderedza dambudziko rako rekukurira, izvo zvinogona kutyisidzira upenyu, zvinokonzera.
> Sources:
> Genetics Home Reference. Pseudohypoaldosteronism Tanga 1. National Institutes of Health. US National Library of Medicine. Yakabudiswa musi waApril 25, 2018.
> Genetics Home Reference. Pseudohypoaldosteronism Tora 2. National Institutes of Health. US National Library of Medicine. Yakabudiswa musi waApril 25, 2018.
> Mayo Clinic Staff. High Potassium (Hyperkalemia). Mayo Clinic. Yakapedzwa naJanuary 11, 2018.
> Gomo DB. Zvinokonzera nekuongorora kweHyperkalemia muVakuru. Kusvika pari zvino. Yakaperedzwa June 5, 2017.
> Sterns RH, Rojas M, Bernstein P, Chennupati S. Ion-exchange Resins for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia: Inochengeteka uye Inobudirira Here? Nyaya yeAmerican Society yeNefrology . May 2010; 21 (5): 733-5. doi: 10.1681 / ASN.2010010079.