Vanhu vanotambura nechirwere chakasimba chinowanzosangana zviratidzo zvechirwere zuva rose pamazuva mazhinji uye vane zviratidzo zvekare usiku. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoita kuti munhu asaita basa.
Kuchengetedzwa kweAsafu
Chikamu chechirwere chinotarisana nekuoma kwemamiriro acho. Urongwa hunotsanangurwa ne:
- Chirwere chezviratidzo (kunetseka kupemha, kuputika, chifu chisimbiso, nekukwevera) murwere ari kuratidzira asati arapwa
- Kuwanda uye kukurumidza kwemhepo murwere anogona kupfutidza (yakagadzirirwa nokuita mapapu chekuedza test kana mapirmoni test function )
- Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti munhu mune imwe nhengo yechirwere anogona kunge ane chirwere chakanyanya kukurudzira, kwete avo avo vanotambura nemhepo yakasimba.
Kuenzanisa kunogona kuchinja munguva nekurasikirwa nevana vaduku vaduku kune makore mana zvakaoma kufungidzira uye kurongedza, sezvo zviratidzo zvingave zvakasiyana nechirwere mumakirwere akwegura.
Chirwere cheputi chakatsanangurirwa muzvikamu zvina zvinotevera, ne National Asthma Education and Prevention Program:
Inonzi Asthma
Nyeredzi inonzi inopinda mukati kana pasina kurapwa chimwe cheizvi chinotevera:
- Zviratidzo zvinopera mazuva maviri kana zvishoma pavhiki uye usapindira nemabasa anowanzoitika.
- Chiratidzo cheusiku chinoitika mazuva maviri kana pasi pamwedzi.
- Kana usingave nechirwere cheputi, mapapu anoshandiswa maitiro anojairika (pa80 kubva muzana kana kuti akawanda kune zvakatarisira) uye anosiyana zvishoma kubva mangwanani kusvika masikati.
Unyoro Unoramba Uchida Chirwere
Chirwere chinonzi chinonzi chidiki chinoramba chiripo kana pasina kurapwa chimwe chezvipi zvinotevera ndezvechokwadi:
- Zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika kwemazuva maviri pavhiki, asi kwete zuva rega rega, uye zviratidzo zveusiku zvinoitika katatu kana mana pamwedzi.
- Kukira kweputi kunopesana nemabasa ezuva nezuva.
- Muchengetedza maitiro ezvinyorwa zvakajairika kana usina kuve nekurwisana (kuongororwa kuri 80 kubva muzana kana kupfuura kweiyo inotarisirwa kukosha) uye inogona kusiyanisa zvishoma kubva mangwanani kusvika masikati.
Moderate Persistent Asthma
Chirwere chinonzi chirwere chinonzi chichinyatsogadzikana kana chichigere kusarudzwa chimwe chezviitiko zvinotevera ndezvechokwadi:
- Kuitika kwezuva nezuva kwezviratidzo uye pfupi-acting inhaler inoshandiswa mazuva ose.
- Zviratidzo zvinopindira nemabasa ezuva nezuva.
- Chiratidzo cheusiku chinoitika kanopfuura kamwe kamwe pavhiki, asi hazviitike zuva nezuva.
- Mhemberero yekushanda mabasa haisi uye haina kusiyana uye inopfuura 30 muzana kubvira mangwanani kusvikira masikati.
Severe Persistent Asthma
Chirwere chinonzi chirwere chinonzi chinopfuurira zvakanyanya kana usina kurapwa chimwe chezviitiko zvinotevera ndezvechokwadi:
- Zviratidzo zvinowanikwa zuva rimwe nerimwe uye zvinowedzera kukanganisa mabasa ezuva nezuva.
- Chiratidzo cheusiku chinowanzoitika, dzimwe nguva usiku humwe.
- Nhengo dzemaitiro emhando dzisina kufanana uye dzinogona kusiyana kubva mangwanani kusvika masikati.
Chirongwa Chisarudzo: Kuwedzera Persistent Asthma
Kushanda neboka rezvokurapa raunotendesa uye unonzwa wakasununguka naro inhanho inokosha pakuziva zvakakodzera nekurapa kuoma kwepifma yako. Chiremba wako wepmma anofanira kunge ari kutarisa zvinhu zvinotevera kuitira kuti agadzirise kupera kwako kwakasimba kunoramba kuchiita:
- Kakawanda kwezviratidzo (zuva rose)
- Kakawanda kwekumuka kweusiku kune zviratidzo zvekusimuka (kazhinji zuva nezuva)
- Kushandisa kwekurumidza- kubvisa inhaler (nguva dzinoverengeka pazuva)
- Nzira yakawanda sei iyo asthma inopindira kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva (kunyanya kuderera)
- Peak flow flow reading (less than 60 percent of personal best)
- Pasinei nokuti asthma flares inoda kushandisa steroid oral (kaviri kana kupfuura kamwe pagore)
- Chiratidzo cheusiku chinowanzoitika, dzimwe nguva usiku humwe
- Muchengetedzo maitiro anoitwa asingasviki (chirongwa che spirometry chema 60 muzana kana zvishoma zvisingatarisirwi kutarisirwa), uye nhepfenyuro yekuyerera ichibuda (PEF) inodarika makumi 30 kubva mangwanani kusvikira masikati
Kurapa Kuramba Kwakapfurikidza Chirwere Chirwere
Varwere vane chirwere chakasimba chinoramba chichirwere vanowanzobatwa nekubatanidzwa kwemishonga yephma kusanganisira:
- Mishonga yenguva refu yekurapa (inhaled corticosteroids) iyo inoderedza kupisa kwemhepo inoita kuti zvirwere zve asthma uye asthma zvirwe
- Bhati-acting barodilator uye kwenguva refu-mushonga wekubatsira (nguva-acting beta agonist kana bronchodilator). Izvi zvinowanikwa mishonga inoshandiswa (sezvinodiwa) kubvisa zviratidzo zvakanyanya nokuzorora zvakasimbiswa misumbu kumhepo.
- Kuramba kwakasimba kwenguva refu kunogona kuwedzerwa kurapwa nemishonga inopesana nokuputika inozivikanwa se "leukotriene modifiers." Izvi zvinotorwa mufomu yemapiritsi uye zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga.
Vanhu vane astmma vanogona kuona kuti kusuruvara kwavo kweputi kunopfurikidza nemakore. Sezvo kuoma kunopinduka, ndizvo zvinoita mishonga uye kurapwa, nechinangwa chokupedzisira chiri kuchengetedza mweya wepasi. Chinangwa chekurapa kwechirwere chakasimba chinoramba chichifanira kuva chekudzikisa uye kuderedza zviratidzo kune iyo yepimma yakadzika.
Sources:
> Anti-Inflammatories: Kuchinja kweLeukotriene. US News & World Report.
> Chokwadi Sheet: Kurapa Utachiona. IAmerican Academy yeAllergy Asthma & Immunology Task Force. The Allergy Report. AAAAI.org.
> Nyeredzi Inowanikwa Sei? National Heart Lung uye Blood Institute, Dhipatimendi reUnited Health Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health.
> Nyanzvi Yezvokuongorora Inotarisirwa 2007. National Heart, Lung, uye Ropa Advisory Council Nyanzvi yeVadzidzi vechiShona.