Galactic Cosmic Rays-Imwe Chete Yezvinetso zve Mars Mission
Will Mars Mission anstronauts vanokura neukemia kubva parwendo rwavo kuenda kuRed Planet? Icho chinogona kunge chakaita semubvunzo unoshamisa, asi NASA-zvidzidzo zvinobhadhara mari iri kutarisa mumhando dzose dzezvinhu mukugadzirira kwechingave chimwe chimwe chikuru chinokwakukira vanhu-rwendo rwekuenda kuMaris. Rwendo nerwendo rwevanhu rungatanga nokukurumidza kuma2030s. Pane zvikamu zvakasiyana zvebasa iri rinokosha, uye kuronga uye tsvakurudzo yatotanga.
Iwe unogona kuona mazano ose, kusanganisira zvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana zvekuongorora, pa "Nzira ye Mars" Overview yeNASA.
Basa rinoshandiswa kuMarita rinouya nematambudziko mazhinji, mamwe anozivikanwa uye vamwe zvichida vasingazivikanwi. Chimwe chezvinetso zvevaya vanofamba mune ramangwana ndiko kunokonzerwa nekudzika-nzvimbo kwemahara pahutano hwevanhu. Mune mutsva weNASA-unobhadhara mari, vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti nzvimbo yakadzika yemahara inogona kukonzera njodzi yeukwemia muvadzidzi, inounzwa nekuchinja kune masero emuviri anokosha mumupfupa wepafu unoita kuti ose masero matsva eropa ari mumuviri.
Radiation Kubva X-ray uye CT Scans
Kupisa mazaisai kunotakura zvinogona kuita zvinokuvadza . Kune mihizha inonzwisisika uye mihiyo isina ionizing.
Kunyange zvazvo mazai asina kuonesa, akafanana neaya UV masikati kubva kunezuva, anogona kukuvadza, iwe unogona kazhinji kuzvidzivirira kubva mumhando iyi yemirasiyo zvakanaka kwazvo. Ionizing radiation yakaoma kudzivisa. Ionizing radiation inogona kutenderera kuburikidza nezvinhu uye kushandura kukanganisa kweatomu muzvinhu zvakapoteredza.
Zvisikwa zvinosanganiswa nemirasi yoniyoni mumhepo inobva pamabhanhire emakumbo ematanda akavharwa (Van Allen Belts), maziso emasikati, uye mahara ezuva.
Mune mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa kenza, zvinobatsira zvekurapa maawa emvura (kuuraya masero emukenza) zvinoremedzwa nezvengozi kubva pane zvakadai, kusanganisira kwenguva pfupi uye kwenguva yakareba zvinetso, kusanganisira kubuda kwemakore matsva ekurwara.
Saizvozvowo, kusvibiswa kwemazuva ano mu-ray-ray uye CT zvidzidzo hazvitorerwi , sezvo kuwedzerwa uye kusingadikanwi kwekurapa uye kuongororwa kwemhepo kunogona kuwedzera kune ngozi yehupenyu hwomunhu hwehuipi .
Radiation Kubvira kuGalactic Cosmic Rays
Mishonga inonyanya kushandisa simba, uye masikati machena (GCRs) ndiwo rumwe rudzi rwemazuva ano anonyanya kufarira sezvo ane chokuita nekufamba nzvimbo. GCRs inowanzobva kunze kwezuva redu, asi kazhinji kubva mukati memaira edu eMilky Way. GCR inonyanya kuoma, i-high ions yezvinhu izvo zvakange zvine ma electrons avo atorerwa pavanenge vachifamba mumusara gara rinenge pedyo nekukurumidza kwechiedza.
Mazairo emvura yakadzika akasiyana nezvatinoona pamusoro pePasi-kana kuti kunyange pasi Pasi-orbit-nokuti kune zvakawanda "motokari" yepamusoro-galactic mhepo inonzi cosmic rays kunze uko, kuwedzera kumisasa kubva kune zviitiko zvezuva uye kubva mabhanhire emisipiresi ari pedyo neimba. Pasi rine mabhanhire emagetsi anonzi Van Allen mabhanhire anotambanudza anenge 1 000 kusvika ku 60 000 makiromita kumusoro.
Nyika ye magnetic field inosvibisa mazaisai uye inochengetedza mhepo yepasi pano kubva pakuparadzwa, asi inotumira Mars inoda nzvimbo yakadzika kufamba.
Uyezve, Mars yakarashika magnetic field mabhiriyoni emakore apfuura, saka kuvanhu avo pakupedzisira vanofamba netsoka paRed Planet, hapazovi nekudzivirirwa kwakadaro kumirira. NASA inonyatsoziva njodzi idzi uye iri kushanda pane zvinogona kugadziriswa. NASA masayendisiti akatoita kuti tive netariro yekugadzira maginisti emagetsi kumativi ose e Mars kuitira kudzivirira hurumende misasa.
Chii Chingaita Galactic Cosmic Rays Kuitira Vanhu?
Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nemirairo yevanhu vari munzvimbo iri kuongororwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, uye haisi kungove neukemia uye kushaya mhuka iyo masayendisiti anonetseka pamusoro. NASA iri kuitawo zvidzidzo zvinotarisa kune nzvimbo dzinofamba-famba nevanoona, kuti kusvibisa kwakadaro kungakanganisa sei kugadzirisa uye mufambiro, uye kuti majini anopindura sei mazai-uye zvakananga, majee emagetsi anoshandiswa uye maitiro epi anodzimwa nehuwandu hwakadaro.
Upenyu paMarta hunogona kuunza njodzi yakawanda yeukwepa, maererano nemashoko akaunganidzwa neboka rekutsvakurudza kubva kuWeather Baptist Baptist Center. Iboka racho rakatsvaga zvinogona kuita zvinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakadzika dzenyeredzi zvakanyanya pamasero evanhu hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). IHSC ndeyechokwadi iyo iyo masero masero angave akanzwa pamusoro pazvo anoshandiswa sekurapa kenza mune dzimwe nguva.
Apo murwere ane maitiro akakwirira emu chemotherapy anorongwa kuuraya masero ekenza, chemo inogonawo kutora marwadzo ayo pamasero emadzi. Nokuda kweizvi, kuputika kwemapfupa emapfupa , kana hematopoietic stem cell transplants , inogona kuitwa kuitira kuti murwere awane simba rokutanga kutanga neine utano hwakanaka, hutsva huchiita masero. Aya ndiwo masero akafanana anopa ropa mumapfupa ako emapfupa anobudisa masero ako ose matsva seasakara akare. Masero akakura mumurapa anosanganisira masero matsvuku anovhara okisijeni kubva pamapapu ako kuenda kune imwe muviri wako wose, asiwo masero machena anobatsira kurwisana nehutachiona uye kuipa.
Dare reWake Forest rakatora HSC idzi dzinopa ropa kubva kune vanopa hutano vane makore makumi matatu nemashanu kubva kune makumi mashanu kusvika makumi mashanu nemashanu uye vakazviisa mumirairo yakafanana uye maGCR semirairo inotarisirwa kuputira vana vesimbe panguva yeMisitemo. Vakatarisa masero emurairi shure uye vakawana kuti mazaiyo akavhiringidza masero ari pa stem cell cell, zvichiita kuti kuchinja kwemajeni kwakakanganisa kukwanisa kwavo kukura kuva masero eropa rakakura. Kubuda kwemazuva ano kwakaderedza masero emadziro ekukwanisa kubudisa anenge marudzi ese emasero eropa, uye simba ravo rokuita masero matsva kazhinji kacho kuderedzwa neanenge makumi matanhatu kusvika ku80 muzana, maererano naChristopher Porada, muongorori mukuru wepurojekiti.
Izvo kuderedzwa kwakadaro mumasero eropa kunogona kureva kune vanyengeri chinhu chinokonzerwa nekenza yeropa kakato- pamusoro pekuderera mumasero matsvuku eropa kunogona kukonzera chirwere chemafupa , nezviratidzo zvakadai sokuneta, kushaya simba, kuperevedza kwekufema, uye kusagadzikana kwekushushikana. Kuderedzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa kunogona kuderedza masimba ekudzivirira muviri, kuwedzera kukurudzirwa kune utachiona. Uye kuderedzwa kweplatelets kunogona kuita kuti munhu ave nechepamusoro pakuvhara uye kuchenesa matambudziko, nekupwanya kusina kuchena kana kubuda ropa.
Kushandisa Mice Kuti Uwane Zvimwe Zvishoma
Kakawanda mukutsvakurudza kwezvokurapa, zvitsva zvinoratidzika sezvakabatanidzwa mu laboratori hazvigone kudzokororwa kana kuvimbiswa kana zvakakosha, mune chaicho, kurarama kufema kwevanhu-kana mutsara kunotanga. Kuti uedze kuwana ruzivo rwokuti kusvibiswa kwemazuva kunogona kutarisa sei muhupenyu huripo, boka reWake Forest rakapinda GCR-irradiated HSCs mumakonzo.
Nyove dzakaramba dzichikura T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Dare rakatsanangura ichi sechiratidziro chekutanga kuti nzvimbo yakadzika yemahara inogona kuwedzera dambudziko rekuropafadzwa neukemia kuvanhu.
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) ane utsinye hunokonzerwa neropa rinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwakaipa mumasero anopa T-seli, kana masero machena anozivikanwa seT-lymphocytes. T-ALL inopa 10 muzana kusvika 15 muzana yehuduku ALL uye 25 muzana yevakuru ALL. Varwere vane T-VOSE vanowanzove nefupa rakave rakazara nemataini eT cell lymphoblasts, pamwe nechepamusoro-sero rekuyera ropa, zviremera mubhokisi, nekubatanidzwa kwenguva refu kwegadziriro yenheyo pakati panguva yekuongororwa. Mishonga inopfuura 75 muzana muvana uye ne50 muzana yevanhu vakuru vakaonekwa nehosha iyi.
Pasi Pasi Kubvira Mouse Kudzidza
Vatsvakurudzo 'vakawana vakavabvumira kugumisa kuti zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvemashizha zvinogona kunge zvakashanda pakubuda kwekemukemia. Chokutanga, vakawana kuora kwemajini kune HSC kunogona kutungamirira zvakananga pakuvandudzwa kweukama. Chechipiri, kupisa kwemazuva kwakakundikanawo kukwanisa kweHSCs kuita masero matsva eT uye B, ose ayo ari masero eropa ayo anogona kubatanidzwa mukurwisana nevatorwa vokunze semabhakitiriya, asiwo maronda emarara. Saka, hausi chete una mazita ekuchinja kwemasvikiro aya anogona kukonzera kuukwepa, asi iwewo une simba rekudzivirira zvirwere mumuviri maererano nekukwanisa kwaro kubvisa masero anonyangadza anokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemazuva ano.
> Sources
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> Van Vlierberghe P, Ferrando A. Iyo maserosi eT cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest . 2012; 122 (10): 3398-3406.