Vanhu vatanhatu vakaungana muna March 1917 kuti vagadzirise National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy. Ava vatanhatu vanonzi vakave vatsigiri vehutano hwemabasa.
Asi, kuwedzera uye kushingaira kwakapoteredza kushandiswa kwemabasa semishonga ekurapa kwakanga kusingagadziri nevanhu vatanhatu bedzi. Nzira iri pakati pemusangano wevakadzi nevarume vane pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana kune basa rinobudirira makore zana gare gare kune vazhinji vakazvitsaurira vari munzira.
Pamusoro pekuremekedzwa, Susan Elizabeth Tracy, Herbert J. Hall, MD, uye Adolf Meyer vane simba rakakura mumakore ekutanga ekurapa kwebasa. Vose vatatu vaive vachishanda nguva dzose nevatangi vatanhatu uye nhasi, zvipo zvavo zvinongororwa nyore nyore, sezvo vose vakanyora mabasa anokosha akabatsira kufambisa basa rehutano mberi.
Kuzviziva iwe nemabasa avo, pamwe chete nevatatu ava, zvinokosha pakunzwisisa kukura kwehutano hwemabasa.
Susan Elizabeth Tracy
Susan Tracy akakokwa kuti ave chikamu cheboka rekutanga, asi iye aidzidzisa imwe nzvimbo mubasa uye aisagona kupinda. Susan, saka, akanyorwa seanosungirirwa pane kuti ave muvambi.
Tracy akadzidziswa semureri uye aive achishandisa mabasa nevarwere kuti vanokurumidze kuporesa (uye kudzidzisa vamwe vanamukoti kuti vaite zvakafanana) kutanga 1905.
Vakawanda vevakiki vakaisa pfungwa dzavo pakuongorora kushandiswa kwemishonga yebasa kune avo vane utano hwepfungwa.
Tracy akaona kunyanya kushandiswa. Muna 1910, akabudisa bhuku rinonzi Studies in Invalid Occupation . Zvitsauko zvinyorwa zvebhuku rake zvinoreva, mumashoko aTrcy pachake, anokwanisa kubatsirwa nekushandiswa kwemabasa: anowanzoita vana, nzvimbo dzisingabvumirwi, muchivande, zvidzidzo zvakatsaurwa, mucheche ane chirwere, muchipatara, mbuya, bhizinesi, ne masimba makuru, munguva yekumirira, pasina kuona, pfungwa yakazara.
Herbert J. Hall, MD
Herbert Hall akapedza kudzidza muna 1885 ane chiremba wezvokurapa kubva kuHarvard. Hora yaiva nechido mukubatanidza Arts and Crafts Movement kuva mushonga. Basa rake remakiriniki rakanyanya kurongedza nekupa "chirongwa chekushanda" sekurapa kune varwere vane chirwere chinotyisa. Akavhura musangano muMassachusetts uko akashandira vhizimisi kuti vadzidzise maoko-kuveura, ivhu, zvishongo uye matanda. Muna 1905 ne 1909 Hall yakagamuchira $ 1000 mari kubva kuHarvard kubatsira mubhuku rekurapa kweeurasthenia kuburikidza nebasa.
Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvandaida kuda kuziva, kusarudzwa kwake kwekuiswa muNational Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy yakarambwa naWilliam Rush Dunton.
Horo yakashanda semutungamiri weAmerican Occupational Therapy Association kubva muna 1920-1922.
Imba yakanyorwa mabhuku matatu ayo achiripo kune vaverengi: Mwoyo Isingadikanwi, Basa Ramaoko Edu: Chidzidzo Chekuita Kwezvinhu Zvisina Kuvhiringidza, Nemishonga Yemaoko yevasina Hanya .
Adolf Meyer
Meyer akanga ari mukurumbira wepfungwa mukati mekutanga yezana remakore rechi20. Akashanda sechirwere chepfungwa uye mutungamiriri pachipatara chaJohn Hopkins kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu uye aiva purezidhendi weAmerican Psychiatric Association kubva muna 1927-1928.
Kusunungurwa kwaMeyer uye kufarira mune basa revarwere kwakatanga kutanga 1892 ndokukurukurirana mune rimwe remapepa okutanga aakapa muUnited States
PaJohn Hopkins, akabhadhara Eleanor Clarke Slagle seAya Director of Occupational Therapy. Slagle, iye zvino anonzi ndiye amai vehutano hwemabasa, anotsanangura Meyer sechinhu chakakosha pamabasa ake.
Meyer akanyora bhuku rinonzi Philosophy of Occupational Therapy uye akaritaura pamusangano wechishanu wegore weNational Society for the Promotion of the Occupational Therapy. Nyaya iri pasi apa inosimbisa kunzwisisa kwaMeyer kwepfungwa yepfungwa-iyo pfungwa yaakambomira-iyo iyo nyanzvi yemapfungwa yakagamuchira nezvezvinhu zvehupenyu, zvehutano, uye zvepfungwa dzevanhu pavanorondedzera kurapwa.
Uku kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwevarwere vake kwakanyatsopindirana nekufarira kwake mushonga wehutano.
Mumuviri wedu haisi kungova mapaundi akawanda enyama uye mapfupa achifunga semashini, ane pfungwa isina kujeka kana mweya yakawedzerwa pairi. Icho chiri mukati mehupenyu hupenyu huri kupfurikidza nehutano hwekuzorora uye basa, kurova nguva (sezvatingareva) munzira dzakawanda, dzakawanda dzinonzwisisika uye pakuzara kwechimiro chayo pazvinonzwika semumwe wevaya vanozvida -kushandisa simba-vashanduri vanoita nyika chaiyo yevanhu vapenyu.