Musculoskeletal izwi rinowirirana iro, sezvinoreva zita rayo, rinofananidza nemasumbu uye masaga emuviri. Kunyanya kunyanya, mutsara unosanganisira mapfupa, mazamu, maziso, martilage, ligaments, tendon, uye bursae. Musumuloskeletal system inopa kugadzikana uye inobvumirawo kufamba kwemuviri.
Anatomy ye Musculoskeletal System
Mafupa - Pane mafupa makumi maviri nemaviri mumutumbi wemunhu mukuru.
Chimiro chefupa chinosanganisira chikamu chakaoma chekunze chakaitwa nemaprotein (kunyanya collagen) uye hydroxyapatite (kunyanya calcium nemamwe emaminera). Chikamu chemukati chefupa, chinonzi trabecular bone, chakanyanya kudarika chinorema kunze kortical bone, asi chichiri chikonzero chekuchengetedza simba remafupa. Kunyange zvazvo chimiro chemapfupa ose akafanana, mapfupa anoita mabasa akasiyana mumutumbi:
- Mabheta anopa ruviriro rwemuviri kune muviri (kureva., Chikwama chechikwata chekubatanidza nhengo nemashizha) uye kudzivirira nhengo dzakati (semuenzaniso, rib cage inodzivirira mwoyo).
- Mabheta anochengetedza kazhinji kaccium mumuviri.
- Mabheta ane chimukati chemukati chine bone marrow apo masero matsvuku eropa, masero eropa, nezvimwe zvikamu zveropa zvinobudiswa.
Mabhesi anoitwa nenzira inozivikanwa sekugadzirisa. Bhudziro rekugadzirisa inzira inopfuurira iyo fufuguru rekare rinoputirwa zvishoma neropa rutsva. Pfupa rimwe nerimwe rakashandurwa zvachose pamusoro pemakore anenge gumi.
Gore roga roga, 20% yemapfupa emuviri inotsiviwa.
Misungo - Kune marudzi maviri emisumbu iyo inhengo ye musculoskeletal system - skeletal uye yakashata. Rudzi rwechitatu rwemutsipa, mwoyo, hausi chikamu chemu musculoskeletal system. Skeletal muscle ndiyo matanda emagetsi. Chiito chekugadzira musuru ndicho chinotungamirira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri.
Nhengo dzemafupa dzakabatanidzwa pamapfupa uye dzakagadzirirwa mumapoka anopikisana akapoteredza majoini (semuviri, masumbu anonamatira chikwangwani akave akatarisana nemisumbu iyo inoruramisa chikwangwani). Skeletal musumbu inotungamirirwa neuropi uye inoshanda zvakaperera pasi pemutemo wemunhu. Uturu hwakasvibirira hunoita basa mune mamwe mabasa emumuviri asiri pasi pemunhu. Smooth muscle inenge yakapoteredza mamwe arteri, chibvumirano chekuchinja ropa. Smooth muscle iri kumativi ose emukati, kubvumirana kutama zvokudya uye zvimedu pamutsamba. Kunyange zvazvo misuru inobwinya inodzorwawo neuropi, haisi kuzvidira. Ikubatana kwemafupa akanyorova kunobva pane zvido zvemuviri - kwete kuziva.
Zvibatanidzwa - Majoka ndiwo apo magumo emapfupa maviri kana akawanda anouya pamwechete. Nepo kune masangano asingatungamiri (semuenzaniso, pakati pepahwendefa rehenya), majoini akawanda anokwanisa kuita kuti kufamba. Kune mhando mbiri dzezvibatanidza zvinofambisa kufamba: chirwere chechikara uye synovial. Synovial joints ndiwo rudzi rwunoziva kuvanhu vakawanda. Majosi evanhu anonzi synovial anouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana: bhora-uye zvigadziko, ganda, gliding, hinge, pivot, uye mashizha.
Mhedziso yemapfupa iri muhutano urwu yakafukidzwa nekartilage. Majoini akavharwa mujoka capsule ine chine ( synovium ). Masero e synovium anogadzira synovial fluid iyo inosimudzira chikafu uye inobatsira kuderedza kupesana panguva yekufamba.
Cartilage - Mhedziso yepfupa inoumba chibatanidzi yakafukidzwa nekatekete . Goroti rinowirirana rakanaka, rakasimba, uye rinodzivirira kumigumo yefupa. Cartilage inoumbwa na collagen, mvura, uye proteoglycans. Cartilage inoshingaira uye inoderedza kupesana nekufamba kwekubatana.
Ligamende - Ligamende yakasimba, tambo dzomukati kana zvikwama zvemasu anounganidza bone kusvika pfupa.
Ligamende yakagadzirwa ne collagen uye elastic fibers. Iyo micheka yakasununguka inobvumira mitsipa kuti iite zvimwe zvishoma. Ligamende dzinopoteredza uye dzinotsigira manotsi, zvichibvumira kufamba mune zvakananga.
Tendons - Tendons akaoma, mafudzi ane fiber anobatanidza musumbu kusvika pfupa. Tendons inonyanya kugadzirwa na collagen. Tendons kazhinji inowanikwa mukati memhara (ie, tete sheath) iyo inobvumira kuti tambo dzisafambidzana-pasina. Nhengo yehembe inobata mativi maviri: a synovial sheath uye fiber tendon sheath.
Bursae - Bursae iduku, zvizere zvinokonzera mvura zvinoshandiswa sechikwata uye zvishoma-friction zvinokambaira pasi pakati pedzimwe nhengo dzomuviri dzinofamba semapfupa, misumbu, tendon, uye ganda. Bursae inowanikwa mumuviri wose. Bursae inopesana muhukuru zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo mumuviri. Iko kunenge 160 bursae inowanikwa mumuviri wose.
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Zvirwere zve musculoskeletal zvinosanganisira arthritis , bursitis , uye tendinitis , pakati pevamwe. Zviratidzo zvepakutanga zvirwere zve musculoskeletal zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa, kuoma, kuvhuvhuta, zvishoma zvishoma kufamba, kusimba, kuneta, uye kuderera kweshoko. Rheumatologist inyanzvi mune arthritis uye zvirwere zverheumatic. Vanachiremba veOrthopedic vanobatawo mushuloskeletal conditions.
Sources:
Merck Manuals. Mabones. Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/bones
Merck Manuals. Muscles. Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/muscles
Merck Manuals. Ligamende. Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/ligaments
Kelley's Textbook yeRheumatology. Ninth edition. Elsevier.