Vanenge mamiriyoni makumi maviri evanhu vari muUnited States vanoratidzira imwe yero yekurasikirwa kwekunzwa . Mikana yako yekuwana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa inowedzera zvinoshamisa apo iwe uzere. Kurasikirwa nekuteerera kwevakuru vakwegura kunobatanawo nezviratidzo zvakakomba zvakadai sekuora mwoyo uye kuparadzaniswa nevamwe. Zvidzidzo zvakare zvakaratidza kuti zvinogona kutungamirira kuderedza kuderedzwa kwevaya vari kushanda.
Pane chimwe chinhu chaunogona kuita kuti udzivise izvi? Unogona kushamisika kuziva kuti kudzivirira kunzwa kwako ikozvino kunogona kufamba nenzira yakareba kune kutinzwa kwakanaka gare gare muupenyu. Muduku iwe uri paunotanga kutora matanho ekudzivirira kunzwa kurasikirwa zviri nani zvigumisiro zvako zvichave-kunyange usina kumbokwegura kuti usachengetedza kunzwa kwako.
Loud Noises
Kudzokorora kune mhere-mhere (kunyange kana ruzha rusingaoneki rukuru kwauri panguva iyoyo) rinogona kukuvadza zviduku duku zvemvere dziri mukati mako. Zvinosuruvarisa, masero aya haagadzirizve, zvinoreva kuti chero kukanganisa kunogara nokusingaperi. Kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kutinzwa ndeimwe yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurasikirwa kwekunzwa muno muUnited States, uye ndeye zana inodzivirirwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanoridzirwa nenzwi guru nguva dzose sechikamu chebasa ravo. Semuenzaniso, avo vanoshanda mukuvaka kana nemichina yakakura vanogona kuonekwa nekunzwika kukuru zuva rega rega.
Kana matanho asina kutorwa kuti adzivirire kunzwa, nekufamba kwenguva izvi zvichaguma nekurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwekunzwika. Kunyange kana iwe usingatauri ruzha rukuru sechikamu chebasa rako, kuteerera mimhanzi yakanyanya kana kutochera uswa hunogona kukuvadza masero anokosha mukati memateve yako. Pane zvikonzero zviviri zvinoratidza kana kunzwa kunenge kwakarasika kana zvasvika pakutsvaga mhere.
Imwe ndeyekuti ruzha rwuri sei (mumasidibel) uye rumwe rutivi nderokuti ndeyei kwenguva yakareba iwe wakananga kune ruzha urwu. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzezvehutano dzinobvumirana kuti mheremhere dzinodarika makumi matatu nemakumi matatu dzakadanidzira zvakanyanya zvokuti dzinokuvadza kunzwa kwako, asi iwe unoziva sei kuti mabhii akawanda anonzwa? Vakawanda vedu hatina kujaira kuverenga nguva dzose kuti inzwi rakati rakadini, saka kuti ndikupe pfungwa yekuti makumi masere eti decibels chii, heino mhando yemamwe mavara anowanikwa nehuwandu hwemagetsi emhando imwe neimwe:
- kutaura zvakasununguka, mudziyo wokushambidzira, wakaomesera mbatya (60-65 dB)
- mumugwagwa wakabatikana, vacuum cleaner, your alarm clock, mower machine (70-85 dB)
- kupisa soma, blender, zvokudya processor (80-90 dB)
- ruoko rwokudonha, chando chechando, ketani yakaonekwa (100-110 dB)
- huwandu huwandu hwemitambo yakawanda yemimhanzi (112 dB)
- siren, jet kubvisa, average rock concert (120 dB)
- jackhammer (130 dB)
- gun shots (140 dB)
- zvivako zvemoto, pamakiromita anenge 150 dB)
Panewo mapurogiramu aungashandisa ayo achafungidzira ma decibels ehumwe ruzha.
Tevera idzi mazano ekudzivirira kuparara kwekunzwika kwekunzwika:
- Kupfekedzwa kuchengetedza nzeve dzekunzwa (nzeve dzemucheka kana nzeve dzekunzwa paunenge uchishandisa midziyo yepamusoro, kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yekutema, kana iwe uchange uine chero mamiriro ezvinhu ane ruzha rwepamusoro-soro.Kushandisa zvikwereti pamakonti kunogona kuderedza vhu rakaenzana ne 35 dB.
- Tora ivhu pasi paTerevhizheni, mafirivhi, uye maimhanzi emimhanzi.
- Deredza kuderedza nguva yaunopedza kuteerera nziyo huru.
- Bvumira nzeve dzako kuti dzizorore mushure mokunge uchinzwa ruzha rukuru. Kwemaawa maviri oga oga iwe unopedza pamakonti kana pachikwata chine mhanzi huru iwe unofanirwa kupedza maawa anenge 16 uchidzoka munzvimbo yakanyarara.
Mishonga
Iwe unogona kushamisika kuziva kuti mamwe mishonga, kunyange mishonga inowanikwa pamusoro pe-the-counter, inogona kubatsira pakurasikirwa kwekunzwa. Iyi mishonga inonzi inonzi ototoxic (zvinoreva kuti inogona kuva inotyisa kune nzeve dzako). Kunzwa kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa neodotoxic zvinogona kunge zvenguva pfupi kana kuti kuchinja.
Bhuku rako rakanakisisa pakuderedza kana kudzosera kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemishonga iyi ndekuziva kuti uri kutora mishonga inonzi ototoxic uye unoziva migumisiro yaunogona kuva nayo kana kukuvadza nzeve dzako kuchiitika. Heino urongwa hwemimwe yemishonga inowanikwa yakawanda inogona kunge iri ototoxic, (iyi nhamba haisi yose inobatanidza, sezvo kune mishonga inopfuura 200 inogona kukuvadza kunzwa kwako):
- yakawanda samaspirin, ibuprofen, kana naproxen
- mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kusanganisira aminoglycosides, quinolones, uye macrolides (gentamycin, somuenzaniso, inonyanya kuzivikanwa neokuti ototoxic), uye tetracycline uye vancomycin
- anti-kenza zvinodhaka zvakadai se cisplatin, vinblastine
- mishonga inoshandiswa kudzora ropa rinosanganisira diuretics, beta blockers (metoprolol), uye ACE inhibitor Ramipril
- Sodium valproate
- Amphotericin
- Ganciclovir
- Entacapone
- Tacrolimus
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Acetazolamide
Kana ukawana mitezo inotevera paunenge uchitora mushonga mutsva, kunyanya kana mushonga unozivikanwa kuva ototoxic, unofanirwa kudana chiremba wako pakarepo kuti uderedze chero kukuvadza kunzwa kwako:
Kudzivirira Kunzwa Kurasikirwa MuMwana Wako Kana Mudiki
Nhamba inotyisa yevana vari muUnited States (inofungidzirwa 15 muzana) inenge ine imwe yero yekurasikirwa kwekunzwa panguva iyo yava nemakore 6 kusvika ku19. Kutora matanho ekudzivirira kunzwa kurasikirwa uchiri muduku kungatora nzira yakareba yekudzivirira kukwanisa komwana wako kunzwa sezvavanokura. Somubereki, chengetedza mazano aya mupfungwa yekudzivirira mwana wako kana nzeve dzevechiri kuyaruka:
- Tenga zvishandiso zvekunzwa uye nzeve dzekunzwa dzine ruzivo rwemagetsi-yakawanda magetsi magetsi.
- Kana zvichibvira muganhu nguva yakawanda mwana wako anobvumirwa kuteerera nziyo huru.
- Dzorerai terevhizheni pasi-pasinei nokuti vari kutarisa firimu kana kutamba mitambo yemavhidhiyo yemavhidhiyo, kuteerera TV zvakare kwazvo kunogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kunzwa nzeve dzemwana wako kupfuura kugara kwepedyo kusvika pahwindo kuchazoita kumeso avo.
- Shanda pamwe nevana vako uye (kana zvichidiwa) chiremba, nzeve, uye nehuro kuti ugadzirise zvinetso zvekunzwa, zvakadai sekusvibiswa munzeve kana mukati hutachiona hutachiona nokukurumidza.
- Kana mwana wako asingatauri nguva dzekunzwa zvidzidzo kuchikoro chavo, sarudza nguva yekutarisana nenyanzvi yevanhu kuti izvi zviitwe gore negore.
- Kana mwana wako achiri kuyaruka akaita mabasa epamba, akadai sokuchera mushizha, iva nechokwadi chokuti ane nzeve dzekunzwa kana pombi dzekunzwa.
Sources:
Top 10 mazano ekudzivirira kunzwa kwako. NHS Choices. Yakavandudzwa: January 2015. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/hearing-problems/Pages/tips-to-protect-hearing.aspx
Kudzivirira Kunzwa Kurasika. Kunzwa Kurasikirwa Association of America. > http://www.hearingloss.org/content/prevention-hearing-loss
> Basic Facts About Hearing Loss. Kunzwa Kurasikirwa Association of America. http://www.hearingloss.org/content/basic-facts-about-hearing-loss
> Mishonga inobata mahara (Mishonga yeMishonga). American Speech-Mutauro-Kunzwa Association Association. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Ototoxic-Medications/
> Ototoxicity: Dambudziko Rakavanzwa. NCBI website. Yakavandudzwa February 2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138949/