Kana iwe ukagona kugadzira matsipe matsi, zvingave zvakaita sei? Munhu wese aizoziva nzira yekukurukura mumutauro wemasaini. Kuva matsi kwaizove kwakajairika kuitira kuti vanhu vose vasadikanise dzidzo. Munda Wemizambiringa waMarita wakanga uri imwe nguva yakadaro senzvimbo, uye pasinei nokuti uri chitsuwa chiduku, wakabata basa rinokosha zvikuru munhoroondo dzisina maturo.
Matsi Utopia Akanga Aripo Pane Imwe Nguva Yakaenda kuMassachusetts Coast
Kamwe pane imwe nguva, pakanga pane nzvimbo inogona kuonekwa sematsi matsi.
Zvakaitika pachitsuwa chiri kure chiri kunze kweMassachusetts coast, chiwi chinonzi Marita Wemizambiringa. Apo vanhu vazhinji vanobatanidza Munda Wemizambiringa waMarita nekuve musha weharuki machena machena mufirimu Jaws, chitsuwa chacho chakanga chiri nani kuzivikanwa nguva isati yasvika sechitsuwa chine vanhu vakawanda matsi. Izvozvo zvakaitika sei?
Vamwe vaimbogara mumunda wemizambiringa vaine jeni rekutema (iyo yakatanga kuzivikanwa matsi yaiva naJonathan Lambert, 1694), uye kwemakore akawanda ekuroorana, chizvarwa chakazvarwa nevana chikararama nekurasikirwa kwekunzwa . Pane imwe nguva, mumwe muvana vana akaberekwa ari matsi!
Kwakange kune matsi dzakawanda mumunda wemizambiringa (matsi dzakawanda aigara muChilmark) kuti vagari vese vakagadzira mutauro wemasaini unonzi Martha's Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL) kana Chilmark Sign Language (iyo inoratidzika kunge yakabva kuKent Kent kumaodzanyemba kweEngland. vakafunga kuti MVSL yakabatanidzwa mukufambira mberi kweMutauro Wemasaini weAmerica apo vagari vomuMunda Wemizambiringa vakapinda muAmerican School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut.
Zvikonzero Zvakaita Kuti Marita Munda Wemizambiringa Wave Wakasiyana
Tinoziva kuti pane dzimwe nzvimbo munhoroondo umo vazhinji mazana evanhu vaine kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, saka chii chakaita kuti Marita Munda Wemizambiringa ave wakasiyana? Ngatitarise zvimwe zvezvakakonzera zvakatungamirira ku "matsiki".
Vakadzi Matsi Vevanhu
Zvechokwadi, kuva nehuwandu hwevanhu vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwakakurudzira vanhu vomuzambiringa waMarita kuti vawedzere mikana yekukurukurirana kune avo matsi.
Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakatorwa muzana remakore rechi19 reMunda wemizambiringa zvinoratidza kuwanda kwematsi. Muna 1817, mhuri mbiri dzaive nematsi matsi, dzine matsi manomwe. Makore mashomanana gare gare, muna 1827 kwaiva nevatadzi 11. Nhamba ye1850 Chilmark yakaratidza matsi 17 kubva mumapfumbamwe 141, muHammett, Lambert, Luce, Mayhew, Tilton, uye neMadokero. Muna 1855, yaive nemakore gumi nemana pamwe chete nechina iri pedyo neTisbury. Iko 1880 Chilmark kuverenga kwaive ne matsi 19 mumisha 159. Mitsva mhuri matsi mumusana we1880 yakabatanidza Nobles uye Smiths. Kuisa izvi nenzira yakajeka, zvichienzaniswa nenyika yeUnited States apo kuwanda kwekutsiva kwaiva 1 munenge anenge 6 000, paMunda Wemizambiringa yakanga yakakwirira kupfuura 1 muna 155 (1 mu25 muChilmark, uye 1 mu4 muChilmark guta re Squibnocket ).
Kugamuchirwa Kwemutauro Wemasaini
Mutauro wemasaini wakagamuchirwa paMunda Wemizambiringa kuti pepanhau rakashamiswa muna 1895 nenzira iyo mitauro yakataurwa uye yakasaina yakashandiswa zvakasununguka uye nyore nyore nevari matsi nevanonzwa. Vanhu vanoenda Chilmark vaifanira kudzidza mutauro wemasaini kuitira kuti vagare munharaunda. Utsi hwaive hwakazara zvokuti vamwe vainzwa vagari vechokwadi vakafunga kuti yaiva chirwere chinopararira.
Nyaya, ndeyekuti matsi haana kumboonekwa seane urema.
Longer Schooling
PaMunda Wemizambiringa, vana matsi vakaenda kuchikoro kwenguva yakareba kupfuura kunzwa vana, sezvo hurumende yakapa mari yekukoro yevana matsi. Izvi chaizvoizvo zvakatungamirira kumazinga ekuwedzera ekuverenga nokunyora pakati pevadzidzi vasina matsi kupfuura kunzwa vadzidzi.
Kupera Kwapera Kuvanhu Vasina Matsi
Mhuri dzakaroorana dzakaramba dzichienderera mberi uye imbe yevanhu vasina matsi yeChilmark uye yose yeMunda Wemizambiringa yakaramba ichipararira. Ingave yakaramba ichingokura kana isiri yekukura kwemari yezvipfumi panharaunda. Sezvo matsi Munda Wemizambiringa wakapinda chikoro chiri kure-chitsuwa, vaifunga kugadzirisa-chiwi, vakaroora vagari vomunharaunda, uye zvishoma nezvishoma matsi vanhu veMivini vakaramba.
Yekupedzisira matsi yeminda yemizambiringa yakapera muma 1950s.
Mabhuku uye Zvimwe Nhare
Nhoroondo dzisina maturo uye nhaka , uye kunyanya nhoroondo yevanhu matsi paMarita Munda Wemizambiringa, yakafadza nyanzvi. Ichi chifaro chakaguma nekudhindwa kwebhuku: Munhu wese Pano Pano Mutauro Wemasaini Spoke : Utsi hweHindu paMarita Muzambiringa Wemizambiringa . Bhuku rino rinoratidza Vineyard matsi kune imwe nzvimbo yeBritish Kent County inonzi Weald. Mukuwedzera, izvi zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanikwa:
- Nyaya isina kufungidzirwa (zvichida pakati pemakore ekuma1990) mapeji makumi mapfumbamwe ekutsvakurudza mapepa naRobert Mather naLinda McIntosh paTufts University, "VaTenzi VeMarita Muzambiringa Wemizambiringa." Bhuku rekunyora mabhuku rinotaura zvikamu zviviri zve1981 muDuke's County Intelligencer, zvakatumidzwa zita rokuti "The Island's Hereditary Deaf: Chidzidzo Mukunzwisisa Kwevanhu," uye "Chilmark Deaf: Vakakosha Vagari." Zvakare zvakabatanidzwa mubhuku rebhaibheri raiva 1895 yeBoston Sunday Herald, "Mark of Chilmark, Deaf, uye Dum mumusha we Squibnocket."
- Peji ine mapeji matanhatu, 2001, inoti "A Silent Culture neShoko Rakasimba," kubva kuBoston University alumni magazine, Bostonia. Nyaya yacho inongotaura muchidimbu kuedza kwe an alumnus (Joan Poole Nash, iye zvino mudzidzisi wematsi matsi) kuti anyore pane mienzaniso yevhidhiyo yeMVSL yakaratidzwa nababambuya vake nakurukuru.
- Muna March 1999, Yankee magazini yakabudisa nyaya yacho, "The Island That Spoke by Hand."
Pasi Pasi Pamusoro pebasa reMunda Wemizambiringa waMarita muNhoroondo Yezinzwa
Kubatanidzwa kwevanhu vakawanda matsi pamwe chete nevakasimudzirwa vagari vakatungamira kune mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kutorwa se "matsi utopia" pamunda wemizambiringa waMarita. Nhoroondo, ndeyekuti kufambira mberi kwakaitika kwakaitika pasina teknolojia yekutaura uye nehuwandu hwevanhu (zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hweUnited States yose).
Sezvakaratidzwa nekufambira mberi kwakanyanya mumatema matsi, kukanganisa kwevanhu vasina kuroorwa uye mapoka maduku evanhu vanogona kuita mukugadzirisa kusawirirana kunogona kuva kukuru.
Zvichida, tinoda kutarisa muenzaniso wemuzambiringa waMarita nematambudziko akawanda uye matambudziko mumutauro wedu nhasi. Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwakanga kusati kwamboonekwa sekuremara pana Marita Muzambiringa Wemizambiringa. Izvo zvakanga zvisingatariswi se "kusina kufanira," asi pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvevanhu. Kuva nomunhu wose "vachitaura mutauro mumwechete" kuderedza zvingave zvakange zvisiri "mutauro unopesana" uye zvaibatsira kune vose vakanga vari kunzwa uye avo vakanga vari matsi.
Kune avo vasiri matsi kana kunzwa zvakaoma uye vasinganzwisisi neAIDS, tora nguva yekudzidza pamusoro pekukurukura nematsi uye zvakaoma zvekunzwa vanhu kuti vabatsire kuderedza "mutauro wokudzivirira" nhasi. Iwe unogonawo kuda kufunga kuti unotsigira imwe yematsi uye yakaoma yekunzwa masangano .
> Sources:
> Groce, N. Munhu wose Pano Mutauro Wemasaini Spoke: Utsi hweHereditary paMunda Wemizambiringa waMarita. Book Review. Matsi uye Dzidzo Yenyika Yose . 2007. 9: 167-168.
> Kusters, A. Deaf Utopias? Kudzokorora Sociocultural Literature paNyika "Marita Wemizambiringa Mapindu". The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education . 2010. 15 (1): 3-16.