Mutauro Wemasaini wokuAmerica wakanga uripo kwenguva yakareba. Asi ndiani akaiumba kana kuti yakasvika sei?
Zvatinodana Mutauro Wemasaini weAmerica chaizvoizvo zvakabva kuEurope. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare kuti muzana remakore rechi18, mudzidzisi wematsi matsi Abbe de l'Epee weFrance akagadzira chimiro chekutanga chemutauro wemasaini chakakonzera kuAmerican Sign Language. Abbe de l'Epee vakaita shanduro yeFrench yakafanana muchirevo chekunyorwa kweChirungu cheChirungu.
Chiratidzo cheFrance Chikwata
Kunyange zvakadaro, pakanga pane kutora chikwangwani cheFrance pamberi peAbbe de l'Epee. Izvi zvakanyorwa nemumwe munyanzwi munyori Pierre Desloges. Desloges akanyora mubhuku rake ra1779 Kucherechedza kweShoko-Kutaura kuti de de l'Eppee akanga adzidzira mutauro wemasaini wokuFrance kubva kune matsi muFrance. Zvinoratidzika kuti kwemakore, bhuku rekushandisa uye "yechokwadi" yekusayina iripo, pamwe nebhuku racho rinogona kushandiswa mukirasi uye "yechokwadi" system kunze kwekirasi.
Kuisa Munda Wemizambiringa waMarita
Nora Ellen Groce's book, " Munhu wose Pano Pano Mutauro Wemasaini Spoke ," anotsvaga mhedzisiro yemutauro wemasaini weMunda wemuzambiringa waMarita (MVSL), mutauro wemasaini wekutanga wakashandiswa pachiwi cheMarita muMinda yemizambiringa kubva kumhenderekedzo yeMassachusetts, uko matsi yaive nhaka yakawanda kutanga 17th century. Akatevera MVSL kudzokera kuCentral Kent kumaodzanyemba kweEngland. Kukura kunowanikwa mu "Samual Pepy's Diary" iyo mutauro wemasaini yakashandiswa muKitish "weald" (nzvimbo yehuni).
Vagari vemizambiringa vakadana chiratidzo chavo "Chilmark Shanduro Yomasaini" mushure memusha weChilmark uko kwaive nenzvimbo yakanaka yekutema matsi.
MVSL ingangodaro yakave nemafungiro ekuvandudza Mutauro Wemasaini weAmerica apo vamwe vana matsi vaibva kuMunda Wemizambiringa waMarita vakatanga kupinda kuAmerican School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut.
Mukuwedzera, sevana vane matsi vanobva kunharaunda yenyika vakapinda chikoro, zvichida vakauya navo "zviratidzo zvekuita". Nokufamba kwenguva, zviratidzo izvi pamwe zvinosanganiswa nedzimwe mutauro wemasaini anoshandiswa pachikoro (kusanganisira bhuku reChirungu) uye yakagadzirwa kuva izvo zvinonzi ASL.
Mutauro Wemasaini History Resources
Magazini inonzi Sign Language Studies kubva kuGallaudet University Press yakabudisa nyaya pamusoro penyaya yekutaura kwemasaini. Somuenzaniso, nyaya inoti "Kudzidza Mutauro Wemasaini Wemasikirwo muEighteenth-Century France," yaiva muShoko Romutauro Studies , Bhuku 2, Nyaya 4, 2002.
Kupinda mune dzimwe nyika
Nyika yose yemutauro wemasaini ine nhoroondo. Nhoroondo yacho inowanzofanana neyokuvandudzwa kwaAsL. Somuenzaniso, mutauro wemasaini weNicaragua wakatanga apo chikoro cheNicaragua chekutanga cheve matsi chakazarurwa.
Sources
Van Cleve, John V., ed. Gallaudet Encyclopedia yeDeaf People and Deafness. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1987.
Groce, Nora E. Mumwe nomumwe Pano Mutauro Wemasaini Spoke: Hereditary Deafness pa Marthas Munda Wemizambiringa. Harvard University Press, 1988.