Sezvakangoita sezvingaita sokuti, kumedza zvechokwadi ndechimwe chezviito zvakanyanyisa zvakaitwa nemitumbi yedu. Chiito ichi chinoratidzika sechiri nyore uye chechigarire chinosanganisira zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofanira kuitika nenzira yakanyatsorongedzwa kana kuti yakagadzirirwa zvikamu zvitatu zvakafanana, zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenheyo yenheyo.
Pane zvipo, kana kuti zviito zvekuzvipira zvinobatanidzwa mukumedza, pamwe nekusazvipira, kana zviito zvekufungidzira zvinobatanidzwa mukugedza.
Zvikamu zvitatu zvekumedza zvinotsanangurwa pasi apa:
The Oral Phase
Kunyorera kunotanga nehurukuro yemuromo. Ichi chikamu chinotanga apo zvokudya zvinowanikwa mumuromo uye zvakanyoroveswa nemate. Zvokudya zvakakanyiwa zvinonzi zvokudya bolus.
Zvokudya zvinokonzerwa nokuzvidira nemazino anotarirwa nemisungo ye mastication (chewing). Munguva iyi, chikafu "chakagadzirirwa" muhukuru hukuru hwakanyatsogadziriswa kuitira kuti inogona kubva nyore kubva mberi kusvika kumuromo wemuromo. Zvokudya zvinonzi bolus zvino zvinozoendeswa mberi zvichienda kune oropharynx (kumucheto wehuro).
Kubva pane oropharynx, zvokudya zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa mberi neshoko uye mamwe mutsvuku muchikamu chezasi che pharynx (throat). Iyi nhanho inodawo kuwedzera kwekuzvidira kwemavara akanaka kuitira kuti kudzivirira kudya kusapinda mumhino.
Mishonga inodzora chikamu chemukati chekumedza inokurudzirwa nemitsipa iri mu brain brain, iyo inonzi yakashungurudzika.
Mitsipa inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa danho iri inosanganisira nhatu dzemawere, hutachiona hwemaziso, uye nhengo ye hypoglossal.
The Pharyngeal Phase
Sezvokudya zvinokonzerwa nechikafu chinosvika pa pharynx, mishonga yakakosha inonzwisisika inobatsira chikamu chisingaiti chekuedza. Iko kumedza reflex, iyo inopindirana nemugariro unomedza mu medulla (chikamu chezasi che brain brain), inokonzera kuti zvokudya zviwedzerwe zvakare mu pharynx uye sopu (pipe yezvokudya) nemitambo ye rhythmic uye isingabatsiri yematumbo akawanda mushure memuromo, pharynx, uye esophagus.
Nemhaka yokuti muromo nemutsipa zvinoshumira sechivako chezvokudya nemhepo, muromo unopa nzira yekufambisa mhepo kusvika mumapapu, uye inopawo nzira yekudya kuti ipinde mudumbu uye mudumbu.
Chimwe chikamu chinonyanya kukosha chechikamu chechikamu ndechokuvhara kusingabatsiri kwechirokisi kuburikidza ne epiglottis uye tambo dzezwi, uye kuvhara kwenguva pfupi yekufema. Izvi zvinodzivirira kudya kubva "pasi pasi pombi isina kururama" mu trachea (windpipe).
Kuvharwa kwechirokisi kuburikidza ne epiglotti kunodzivirira mapapupa kubva mukukuvadzwa, sekudya uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinopinda mumapapu zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvirwere zvakakomba uye kutsamwa kwemapapu emapapu. Nhengo dzehutachiona dzinokonzerwa nematambudziko ane pharyngeal phase ye refling swallowing inowanzonzi aspiration pneumonia .
The Esophageal Phase
Sezvokudya zvinobva pa pharynx, inopinda muhuturo, bhutu-sehutachiona hwehutano hunoita kuti zvokudya zvive mudumbu nekuda kwesimba rayo rakanyatsogadziriswa. Chikamu chezvokudya kuburikidza nechikamu chechikamu ichi chinoda kurongeka kwechiito che vagus nerve , glossopharyngeal neropa, uye kubva kumagunwe emagunha kubva munzwira tsitsi ine manzwi.
Iyo nhengo inobata mishonga miviri inokosha iyo inozarura uye yakavhara kufungisisa sezvo zvokudya zvinokonzerwa nezvokudya panguva yekumedza. Idzo tsvina, inonzi sphincters, inobvumira kudya bhuus kuti iyerere mberi mberi apo ichidzivirira kubva pakufamba nenzira isiri iyo (regurgitation).
Izvo zvose esophageal sphincters, kutanga kwepamusoro, uye ipapo yakaderera, yakazaruka mukupindura kumanikidziro ezvokudya zvekudya uye pedyo nechokudya chinokonzera bolus.
The upper esophageal sphincter inodzivisa kudya kana marara kubva pakudzorerwa zvakare mumuromo, nepo sophageal sphincter inochengetedza inochengetedza kuti zvokudya zvinoramba zviri mudumbu, zvichidzivirira kudzokerazve mudumbu.
Mukuita kudaro, esophageal sphincters inoshanda sechidziviriro chemuviri kurongedza zvekudya.
Dysphagia
Muzhinji, vanhu vane hutano vanogona kumedza nepfungwa shoma shoma nekufunga. Kana chirwere chetsitsi chikavhiringidzika nekuda kwesitiroko kana chimwe chirwere, zvino zvinetso nekugwinya zvinogona kuitika. Kugadzirisa matambudziko kunonzi dysphagia. Dysphagia inogona kutungamirira kune zvinetso zvakadai sokukwira, kusava nenzara uye kurasikirwa, uye aspiration pneumonia.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana uine chirwere chepuroke kana chimwe chirwere chepfungwa, unogona kuongorora kuongorora kana iwe une dysphagia. Kana iwe une zviratidzo zveDysphagia, iwe unoda kuva nekutaura uye kumedza kurapa kuitira kuti misumbu yako inomedza iwane mukana wekuvandudza zvakanyanya.
> Sources:
> Kubatana pakati peDysphagia, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score, uye Predictors of Pneumonia mushure meIschemic Stroke, Ribeiro PW, Cola PC, Gatto AR, da Silva RG, Luvizutto GJ, Braga GP, Schelp AO, de Arruda Henry MA, Bazan R , J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015; Sep; 24 (9): 2088-94