Zvinokonzera Down Syndrome pane Upenyu hweMunhu zvakasiyana
Muna 1862, Dr. John Langdon Down akati vamwe vavarwere vake vaibatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvirwere zvehutano, uye kushaya njere.
Achibatanidza kufanana uku pamwe chete, Down akagumisa kuti varwere vake vaiva nechirwere chaiyo. Pasi pakazivisa zvaakaona mumagazini ezvokurapa uye akanga ari wokutanga kutsanangura chatinoziva iye zvino seArt syndrome.
Zvinhu Zvomuviri zve Down Syndrome
Kunyange zvazvo vasiri vanhu vose vane Down syndrome vanogovana zvakanyatsofanana nemamiriro ekunyama, pane zvimwe zviitiko zvinowanzoitika mune izvi zvinokonzera chirwere. Ndokusaka vanhu vane Down syndrome vane maitiro akafanana.
Zvinhu zvitatu zvinowanika mune anenge munhu wose ane Down syndrome ndezvi:
- Epicanthic mapepa (ganda rinowanikwa mukati mejeri remukati, rinoita kuti maziso ave maarmond)
- Upslanting palpebral fissures (kutema meso)
- Brachycephaly (musoro mutsva unenge wakanyongedzwa kumashure)
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanikwa kune vanhu vane Down syndrome (asi vasiri mumunhu wose) vanosanganisira mavara ane mavara maziso avo (aya anonzi Brushfield mavara), duku, mamwe mapapiro emhino, duku, muromo wakashama nerurimi runoputika, uye nechepasi-akaisa nzeve duku dzingave dzakapetwa.
Mumiromo yavo, vanhu vane Down syndrome vanogona kunge vane mazino asina kukodzera, marate akareruka, uye rurimi rine zviputi zvakadzika mukati mavo (izvi zvinonzi rurimi rworrowed).
Zvinogonawo kuva nezviso zvakasara, zvidzitiro zviduku necheche rinowanikwa pane nape yemutsipa, uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakanyanyisa.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaratidzwa muDream syndrome zvinosanganisira chigamba chimwe chete chinotarisana nemichindwe emaoko avo pamwe chete neminwe inoputika neminwe yechishanu kana pinky iyo inopinda mukati (iyi inonzi clinodactyly).
Vanowanzove nevhudzi rakarurama rakanaka uye rakaonda. Kazhinji, vanhu vane Down syndrome vanowanzove vakapfupika murefu nemakumbo madiki. Vangavewo vane huru pane yakasvibirira nzvimbo pakati peguru uye chechipiri zvigunwe uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinogadziriswa.
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti hapana chimwe chezviitiko izvi kana zvepanyama zvinenge zvisiri izvo pachazvo, uye hazvitungamiri kana kuti zvinokonzera zvinetso zvakakomba. Zvisinei, kana chiremba achiona zvinhu izvi pamwe chete, vangangofungidzira kuti mwana ane Down syndrome .
Matambudziko Ehutano muDream Syndrome
Mukuwedzera kune zviso zvavo uye zvepanyama, vana vane Down syndrome vane ngozi yakawanda yekuwedzera matambudziko akawanda emishonga.
Pano pane zvinetso zvoutano zvinomwe vanhu vane Down syndrome vanogona kutarisana:
Hypotonia
Vanenge vose vacheche vane Down syndrome vane hutsika hwetsika pasi (hypotonia), zvinoreva kuti mishonga yavo inowedzera simba uye inoita sechidiki. Kunyorera mutsindo kunogona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuvhara, kugara-kumusoro, kumira uye kutaura. Muzvitsva, hypotonia inogonawo kukonzera matambudziko.
Vana vazhinji vane Down syndrome vakanonoka kusvika pamagetsi avo emotokari nekuda kwe hypotonia. Hypotonia haigone kurapwa asi inowanzovandudza munguva. Kurapa kwepanyama kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza utsi hwetsika.
Hypotonia inogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko emagetsi, imwe nyaya inowanzoenderana neA Down syndrome kuongororwa.
Vision Matambudziko
Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa muArt syndrome uye mukana wokuva nekuwedzera kumwechete kana munhu ava nemakore. Mienzaniso yezvinetso zvekuona izvi zvinosanganisira kusatarisa (myopia), kutarisa (hyperopia), kutarisa-meso ( strabismus ), kana kuzununguka kweziso mune rhythmic pattern (nystagmus).
Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti vana vane Down syndrome vaongorore maziso avo kubva pakuwanda kwezvinetso zvekuona izvi zvakakodzera.
Zvinokanganisa Mwoyo
Inenge 50 muzana yevana vane Down syndrome vanoberekwa vane urombo hwemoyo.
Zvimwe zvepfungwa idzi dzemwoyo dzakanyoroka uye dzinogona kugadzirisa pachavo pasina kupindira mune zvehutano. Zvimwe kukanganisa kwemwoyo zvakanyanya kukura, zvinoda kurapwa kana mishonga.
Kunzwa Kurasikirwa
Kunzwa zvinetso zvinowanzoonekwa nevana vane Down syndrome, kunyanya otitis media, iyo inobata anenge 50 kusvika ku70 muzana uye inowanzokonzera kukanganisa kunzwa. Kunzwa kurasikirwa kunovapo pakuberekwa kunowanikwa munenge 15 muzana yevana vane Down Syndrome.
Gastrointestinal Problems
Vanenge 5 kubva muzana yevana vane Down syndrome vachava nemibvunzo yepamusoro yakadai sekuchepesa kana kuvhara mumatumbo (duodenal atresia) kana kuti kusati kwambova mukova (anal atresia). Zvizhinji zvekusawirirana uku zvinogona kugadziriswa nekuvhiyiwa.
Kusavapo kwemishonga mumakoloni (Hirschsprung's disease) inonyanya kuonekwa kune vanhu vane Down syndrome kupfuura kune vanhu vakawanda asi vasati vashoma. Panewo hukama hwakasimba pakati pezvirwere zvechiliac uye Down syndrome, zvinoreva kuti zvinowanzoonekwa kuvanhu vane Down syndrome kupfuura kune vanhu vakawanda.
Matambudziko eTyroid
Vanhu vane Down syndrome vanogonawo kuva nechinetso nehutachiona hwavo-gland duku riri mumutsipa-mune kuti haibereki hutoni yakakwana, iyo inogona kuguma ne hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism inowanzotarisirwa nekutora hutachiona hutachiona. Iyi mishonga inofanira kutorwa nokuda kwehupenyu hwose hwomunhu. Hyperthyroidism (inoreva chirwere chetachiona chisingaitiki) inogonawo kuitika kuvanhu vane Down syndrome.
Leukemia
Kazhinji kazhinji, inenge 1 muzana yenguva, munhu ane Down syndrome anogona kuve neukemia . Leukemia rudzi rwekenza inobata masero eropa mumapfupa emapfupa. Zviratidzo zvehutachiona zvinosanganisira kuputika nyore, kuneta, ruvara rwakatsvuka, uye mafungiro asingatsanangurwi. Kunyange zvazvo chirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia chirwere chakaipa kwazvo, kuponeswa kwehupenyu kwakakwirira. Kazhinji houkemia inobatwa nechemotherapy, rayation, kana kupfurikidza kwemapfupa ekuputika.
Nhoroondo dzeNyanzvi muDream Syndrome
Munhu wose ane Down syndrome ane humwe hutano hwekuremara kwepfungwa. Vanhu vane Down syndrome vanowanzodzidza zvishoma nezvishoma uye vane matambudziko nekufunga kwakaoma uye kutonga. Hazvibviri kufanotaura kuti ndechipi chikamu chekuremara kwepfungwa avo vakaberekerwa neArt syndrome vachave-kunyange, izvi zvichava zvakajeka pavanenge vava nemakore.
Pane hutano hwakawanda hwepfungwa pakati pevanhu vane Down syndrome. IQ yakawanda-yehutano hwekuchenjera -kuchenjera kwepakati pane pakati pe70 ne 130. Munhu anofungidzirwa ane unhu hwakagadzikana hwepfungwa kana IQ yavo iri pakati pe55 ne70. Munhu ane hutano hwakakwana ane IQ iri pakati pe40 ne55. Vanhu vazhinji vane Down syndrome mukati mukati mekunyorera kusvika pamwero.
Pasinei neIQ yavo, vanhu vane Down syndrome vanogona kudzidza. Pane kazhinji kusanzwisisika kuti avo vane Down syndrome vanogona kugadziridzwa kuti vadzidze. Tinoziva iye zvino kuti vanhu vane Down syndrome vanobudirira munguva yeupenyu hwavo uye vane ruzivo rwekudzidza. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa kuburikidza kuburikidza nekupindira kwepakutanga, dzidzo yakanaka, zvinotarisirwa, nekukurudzirwa.
Shoko Rinobva
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti hapana munhu mumwe ane Down syndrome achava nezvinhu zvose, utano hwakanaka, kana zvinetso zvepfungwa zvinotsanangurwa pano. Kana kuti nhamba yezvinetso zvepanyama munhu ane Down syndrome inobatanidza nehuchenjeri hwavo. Munhu wese nemunhu wese ane Down syndrome ane unhu hwake hwakasiyana uye simba.
> Sources:
> Mundakel GT. (January 2017). Down syndrome. Emedicine
> Ostermaier, KK. (November 2015). Down syndrome: Clinical features uye kuongororwa. Mu: UpToDate, Drutz JE, Firth HV (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.