Nhoroondo, Zvinokonzera uye Maitiro
Down syndrome inoberekwa chiitiko chinokonzerwa nechimwe chromosome. Kuvapo kwechiverengero chechipiri chechiromosome chinokonzera chiso chinosiyanisa, maitiro ehupenyu uye kukanganisika kwepfungwa kunowanikwa kune vanhu vane Down syndrome. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vane Down syndrome vane zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ane Down syndrome munhu ane simba uye utera.
Kunyatsonzwisisa kuti zvinorevei kuva nekromosome yakawedzerwa, inobatsira kuva neruzivo rwemashoko pamusoro pemakromosomes.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes inonyanya zvikamu zvehutano hwemashoko anowanikwa mune yese sekipi yemuviri womunhu. Vanhu vazhinji vane ma chromosomes makumi mana nematanhatu akagadzirirwa ari maviri maviri. Kune makumi maviri nemaviri mapairi ezvinonzi autosomes uye imwe yemachromosomes zvepabonde. Vakadzi vane maviri X chromosomes uye varume vane X uye Y chromosome. Vanhu vane Down syndrome vane nhamba yakawedzerwa 21 chromosome - mamiriro ayo anonziwo trisomy 21. Pane makumi mana emakromosomes , ane 47. Kuva nemakopi matatu emakemikari echromosome 21 ndicho chinokonzera Down syndrome.
Down Syndrome History
Down syndrome yakatanga kurondedzerwa naDkt. John Langdon Down muna 1866. Aive chiremba muEngland ane chido chakakosha pakurasika kwepfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo ari iye wokutanga kurondedzera zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakasiyana zvevanhu vane Down syndrome, haina kusvika muna 1959 kuti chikonzero che Down Down , chinyorwa chechiromosome 21, chakawanikwa naDr. Jerome Lejeune uyo aidzidza chromosomes (a specialty inonzi cytogenetics).
Chromosomes inogona kuonekwa pasi pe microscope uye Dr. Lejeune ndiye wekutanga kuona ma chromosomes 47 mumasero evanhu vane Down syndrome pane 46.
Down Syndrome Maitiro
Kunyange zvazvo munhu wese ane Down syndrome akasiyana uye hakuna munhu mumwe ane Down syndrome ane zviratidzo zvose zvezvirwere zveArt syndrome , ruzivo rwezvekuona ruzivo runogona kukupa ruzivo kuti iwe unofanirwa kunge uchiita basa mukuchengeta mwana wako.
Zviso zvepiso uye zvePanyama
Vanhu vane Down syndrome vane zvimwe zviso zvakasiyana zvinoita kuti vafanane, pamwe nemhuri dzavo. Vanogona kunge vane maarmond akafanana namavara epicanthic, mavara mavara mavara maziso avo anonzi Brushfield mavara, adiki zvinyoronyoro mumuromo, muromo mutsva une rurimi runoputika, uye nzeve duku. Izvowo zvine zviso zvakakomberedza uye zvimwe zvinyoro zviso zvakashata.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaratidzwa kune vanhu vane Down syndrome zvinosanganisira chigamba chimwe chete pamativi emichindwe emaoko avo, zviduku zviduku zvakasimwa uye neminwe yechishanu iyo inovhara mukati inonzi clinodactyly. Vane musoro mutsvuku unenge wakabatanidzwa kumashure (brachycephaly), uye bvudzi rakarurama rakanaka uye rakaonda. Muzhinji, vanowanzove nekuita kwenguva pfupi nemakumbo mashomanana uye vanogona kuva nekukura kupfuura nzvimbo yakasvibirira pakati peguru uye yechipiri zvigunwe.
Zvinetso Zvoutano
Vana vane Down syndrome vari pangozi yakakura yekuvaka matambudziko akawanda ezvoutano. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vane Down syndrome vasina zvirwere zvakakomba zvezvoutano, zvakakosha kuziva zviripo zvinetso kuitira kuti kurapa kwakakodzera kunogona kutsvakwa nguva pfupi kusati kwaitika matambudziko makuru.
Vanenge vose vana vane Down syndrome vane pasi yakasimba mushutu inonzi hypotonia. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mishonga yavo inenge isina simba uye inowanika floppy. Kunyange zvazvo iyi isiri dambudziko rezvehutano pane rimwe chete, zvinokosha nokuti utsi hwekutaura hunogona kukanganisa mwana ane ruzivo rweA Down syndrome yekudzidza nekukura. Hypotonia haigone kurapwa asi inowanzovandudza munguva.
Hypotonia inogonawo kutungamirira kune mamwe matambudziko emapfupa kana mapfupa akadaro paanlantoaxixi instability iyo vamwe vanhu vane Down syndrome vanogona kuva nayo.
Ruzhinji rwevana vane Down syndrome ruchava nechinetso chekuona zvakadai sekuona zviri mberi, kutarisa, kutarisa maziso uye kunyange kudzivirirwa maziso.
Vanenge 40% yevana vane Down syndrome vanoberekwa vane zvikanganiso zvemoyo zvinogona kubva pane zvinyoro kusvika kune zvakanyanya. Pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pe40-60% yevana vane Down syndrome vachave nekumwe kurasikirwa kwekunzwa. Zvimwe zvinetso zvinowanikwa zvisingatauri zvinosanganisira kuora kwepamuviri, zvinetso zvehutachiona uye kazhinji kacho kanonzi kanokemia.
Unhu Hwokuvimbika
Vose vanhu vane Down syndrome vane hutano hwakanaka hwekuremara. Vanodzidza zvishoma nezvishoma uye vane matambudziko nekufunga kwakaoma uye kutonga, asi vane simba rokudzidza. Hazvibviri kufanotaura chiyero chekuremara kwepfungwa mumucheche ane Down syndrome pakuberekwa (sezvisingakwanisi kufanotaura IQ yemwana chero upi zvake paanenge aberekwa).
Zvakakosha kuti vacheche nevanhu vane Down syndrome vanowana rubatsiro, kutungamirirwa, dzidzo uye kurapa kwakakodzera kunowedzera kukwanisa kwavo uye kuvabvumira kurarama hupenyu hunogutsa.
Sources
Akarasika-Gunderson, K., Vana vane Down Syndrome - Vabereki Vatsva Vanotungamirira , Woodbine House, 1995.
Chen, H., Down syndrome, Emedicine , 2007