Overview
Narcan, inozivikanwawo nezita rinonzi Naloxone Hydrochloride, inonzi opioid agonist-mishonga inogona kubatsira kudzivisa migumisiro yemishonga yeopioid yakadai se morphine, oxycodone uye heroin. Iyi mishonga inopiwa kana munhu atora mishonga yakawandisa uye ari kuona zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvekudarika, izvo zvinowanzobatanidza kusaziva uye kufema zvishoma nezvishoma.
Narcan mishonga yekukurumidzira, yakapiwa kuchengetedza rufu nekuda kwekudarika, kazhinji nevanodzidziswa nezvehutano hwehutano. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nhengo yemhuri kana mudiwa anogonawo kutarisira iyi mishonga kana iripo. Pamusana pekuchinja mitemo muUnited States, Narcan inowanikwa pane yakawanda kupfuura inowanikwa mukurapa mishonga. Mune dzimwe nyika hapana mishonga inorayirwa inotarisirwa kuwana iyi mishonga paresmisiki.
Chikonzero Nei Narcan Inoshandiswa
Migumisiro yakawandisa chero ipi zvayo yeopioid inogona kuva yakaoma uye kutyisa upenyu. Kufuridzira kupera uye kupererwa nekuputika, izvo zvinoreva kuti munhu akazvinyongedzerwa kuti afufukidze zvakakwana kuti atsigire kudiwa kwemuviri weakisijeni, zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu. Kunyanya kudarika kunokonzera kusateerera, kuchaita kuti vadzidzi vabvumirane kusvikira vashoma kwazvo, zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwekumanikidza kweropa uye pakupedzisira kunogona kukonzera rufu kana murwere asingagamuchiri kurapwa nokukurumidza.
Narcan inodzokorora migumisiro yeopioid, iyo inodhaka zvinowanikwa kubva kumiti yepoppy uye inoshandiswa kushandiswa kurapa marwadzo.
Inoshanda pamisungo miviri yekurapa uye zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera, zvakadai sa heroin. Icho hachishandi kune dzimwe mhando dzekurapa mishonga.
Zviratidzo
Narcan inoshandiswa mune imwe nguva yekukurumidza kushandura migumisiro yekudarika. Kana murwere asingateereri kana kuti akaoma zvikuru kumuka nekukurumidza kudzokera kurara, izvi zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chokudarika.
Kupisa zvishoma nezvishoma kana kusafema zvachose zvakare chiratidzo chinoratidza kuti kudarika kunoitika. Mwoyo wekutsvaga kazhinji unonoka kudarika nguva dzose. Murwere anogonawo kuva nemiromo yebhuruu kana kuonekwa yakanyarara. Kukurumidza kupindira kunokosha kuti uchengetedze hupenyu hwomumwe munhu ari kunetseka.
Apo izvi zvimwe kana izvi zvose zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvichionekwa, kushandiswa kwaNarcan kwakakodzera. Migumisiro yacho iri pfupi uye kazhinji murwere anomuka zvachose mumaminitsi maviri ekugamuchira mishonga, uye anogona kumuka mukutambudzika kana kuti kusvinura zvakanyanya. Iko kunomuka mushure mekutungamirirwa kwaNarcan kunoonekwa sekusimbiswa kwekuti hoodoid overdose yaive ichiitika.
Kushandiswa kweNarcan kwakaderera, sezvo mishonga isingagoni kukuvadza munhu anenge afungidzirwa kunge ari kunyanya kuderedza, munyaya iyi, zvinogona kukuvadza kusashandisa Narcan zvingangove zvakanyanya kuisa njodzi yekushandisa Narcan.
Shandisa Pashure Kokuvhiya
Vanhu vanovhiyiwa vanowanzopiwa mishonga yeopioid kuti vabatsire kurwadziwa kwavanowana mushure mekuvhiyiwa . Iyi mishonga inogona kupiwa neAV, tablet kana mapiritsi, kana kunyange kutarisirwa sechikwata. Sezvo marwadzo ariwo chikamu chinowanikwa pakuwanazve mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kurairirwa kwemishonga inorwadza mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwave kuchijairikawo.
Iko huru yemukana weopioid, kana kubatanidza mishonga yakawanda inowedzera kukwanisa kwevanhu kufema kunogona kukonzera kudarika. Iyi mishonga inogona kusanganisira mishonga yemarwadzo, mushonga wekugunzva mishonga, antihistamines (zvakadai seBenadryl ), mishonga inopesana nehupenzi (yakadai seAtivan ), uye mishonga yokurara. Ngozi yekuwedzeresa iyo yakanyanya kupfuura apo munhu anopiwa mishonga yakawanda inonzi inoita sedation. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, kushandiswa kwe sedation kunoreva kuti murwere anorara uye anorara kudarika nguva yakawanda, asi mimwe mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma anoda kuitika nokukurumidza.
Ngozi yekunyanyisa kudhura kana kusanganisa mishonga yekurwadziwa nemimwe mishonga inoshandiswa yakanyanya kufanana kana murwere asingatori mishonga iyi nguva dzose.
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki, vamwe vavarwere ava vachaona zvinokonzerwa nemishonga inorwadza zvikuru iyo yakasimba zvokuti inoda kuchinja nekukurumidza kweopioid mumuviri wavo.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kune marudzi akawanda ekudarika uye Narcan inoshanda chete kuti ishandure migumisiro yeopioid. Murwere akapiwa mishonga yakawanda yehope kana kuti kushungurudzwa mishonga haazobatsirwi nemishonga. Murwere anopiwa mishonga yakawanda inosanganisira opioids inogona kuva nemimwe inobatsira, asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti Narcan ingoshanda chete kuchinja chikamu cheopioid chekudarika, kwete imwe mishonga iyo murwere angave atora.
Administration
Narcan imishonga yemishonga inogona kupiwa kuburikidza neA IV kana sepine spray. Munzvimbo yezvipatara, Narcan inowanzopiwa kuburikidza ne IV. Munharaunda yekunze, kana EMS inopindura nhare yekudarika kudarika, chirwere cheputi chinowanzoshandiswa sezvo hachidi kuti IV iitwe mishonga isati yapiwa.
Apo inopiwa kuburikidza ne-IV, mishonga iyi inopiwa nevanodzidziswa nezvehutano hwevashandi.
Apo mishonga inopiwa sechinhu chinopisa, chero munhu anogona kutungamirira mishonga. Kana murwere achifungidzirwa kuti ari kunyanya kuderedza, 9-1-1 inofanira kuitwa sezvinodiwa nemurwere achitsvaga kurapwa kunyange kana Narcan ichibudirira. Narcan haifaniri kupiwa kana murwere asina kuratidza zviratidzo zvekudarika.
Murwere anofanirwa kushandurwa kuitira kuti zvive zvakanyarara pamusana wavo, uye chipfu chinopisa chinofanira kuiswa mumhino. Chirwere ichi chinopiwa nekusimudzira kuputira pamishonga yekurapa mishonga zvakananga mumhino. Kana mishonga isingashandisi, isa kechipiri mumapapiro mune imwe mhino uye dzokorora muyero mumaminitsi maviri kusvika matatu. Kana murwere akasaramba asingagamuchiri, ramba uchipa mishonga maminitsi maviri kusvika matatu kana murwere asingatendi, achimirira ambulensi kusvika.
Kana murwere akamira kufema, tanga CPR uye uenderere mberi neCPR kusvikira murwere atanga kufema kana kuti EMS inotora kutora. Rambai maitiro eNarcan kana mamwe mazamu aripo, kusvikira murwere achizogamuchira kana EMS inosvika.
Narcan nasal spray haigone kushandiswazve, kana murwere achida maitiro akawanda iwe unofanira kupa mazamu aunowanikwa asi mamwe mazamu haagoni kuwanikwa kubva kumushandisi wakashandiswa wakashandiswa.
Kudzokorora Dose
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, migumisiro yaNarcan inogona kushanda kwenguva pfupi uye ipapo murwere anotanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvekudarika zvakare. Muchiitiko ichi, chirwere ichi chinogona kudiwa kudzokororwa kuti chidzivirire kuenderera mberi kwemigumisiro yeopioid mumuviri. Chirwere chimwe chete cheNarcan chingave chisina kukwana kurwisa maopioid muropa remurwere uye zvinowanzoshandiswa pamitambo yakawanda inofanira kupiwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvakakosha kuti EMS (911) ishandiswe nokukurumidza sezvinobvira apo kuwedzeredza kuri kuitika, sezvo vanhu vazhinji vasingazove nemikana yakawanda yaNarcan inowanika nyore.
Ngozi
Chinhu chikuru chikuru cheNarcan ndechokuti inogona kukonzera kukurumidza kubvisa maopioid kune vanhu vanodhakwa. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva mukushandisa kwakakodzera kwenguva yakareba yemishonga yakatemwa kana kubva mukushandisa kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvisina kufanira zvakadai se heroin. Apo Narcan inopiwa iyo pakarepo inodzivisa migumisiro yeopioid uye inogona kutumira murwere kuti aende pakarepo. Zviratidzo izvi zvinosanganisira: kuora mwoyo, kurutsira, kurara kwemwoyo zvakasimba, kusuruvara, muviri aches, mimba dzomumvura, yawning, runny pua, fever, goose inoputika, kukwirira uye kuderera kweropa kushanduka uye kuchinja mumwoyo rhythm.
Muzviitiko zvisingaoneki kutungamirirwa kwakangoerekana kwaNarcan kunogona kutungamirira kumagumo ekudzivirira. Izvi zvinogona kuva kushungurudza kwakakomba, zvikurukuru mudiki zvikuru uye yakwegura chaizvo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mumunhu anozivikanwa kuti ane chimiro cheipioid chidiki chiduku cheNarcan chinoshandiswa kumisa kudarika kwepamusoro asi kwete kukwana kushandura yose yemishonga mumuviri.
Narcan haina kushandiswa kwezvakaipa uye inonzi yakachengeteka kuti ishandiswe muvakadzi vane pamuviri. Izvozvo zvakati, mishonga inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvekudzorera mumadzimai uye mumucheche kana amai vakagadzirirwa kudipioid. Hazvizivikanwe kana Narcan yakachengeteka kuti ishandiswe kune vakadzi vari kuyamwa.
Narcan inogona kushandiswa zvakachengetedzeka mune varwere vazhinji vevana, neyero inobva paukuru hwomurwere. Kushandurwa kwechimbichimbi kubva kumaopioid muvana vachangoberekwa vanga vachive vachiwana kurapwa kwemishonga inorwadza kunogona kuva kwakaoma uye kuisa upenyu pangozi.
Kuwanika
Narcan yakasiyana nokuti inogona kupiwa kune mumwe munhu anoda kutaurira kune mumwe munhu. MuUnited States mishonga yemishonga inorayirirwa nguva dzose inorayirwa kune munhu anenge ari kuitora. Nomutemo, zvinyorwa hazvina kunyorwa muzita reumwe munhu ane chinangwa chokuti munhu akasiyana azvitore, uye inofanira kuchengetwa mumudziyo wepakutanga nezita remunhu waakanyorerwa. Narcan ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kune iyi mitemo nemitemo. Mitemo yakagadziriswa mune dzakawanda zvinyorwa zvinobvumira Narcan kuti zvinyorwe uye zvigutwe nemumwe munhu anoda kurishandisa kuti aponese mumwe munhu. Somuenzaniso, chirongwa cheNarcan chinogona kupiwa kumubereki ane mwana akapindwa muropa ne heroin, kuti ashandise kana paine kudarika. Izvi zvinoita kuti Narcan ive yakasiyana nedzimwe mishonga yemishonga.
Proper Storage
Narcan inonzwika kune zvose uye kupisa uye chiedza. Hazviregi kuratidzirwa kutonhorera pamusoro pe 104 saka haifaniri kuchengetwa mumotokari kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo umo kupisa kunogona kuwedzerwa. Muzhinji, mishonga inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo yakachena, yakaoma uye inonaya.
> Kwakabva:
> Mishonga yekutsauka kweapioid sedation. https://www.drugs.com/condition/reversal-of-opioid-sedation.html
> Narcan Kutaura Mashoko. https://www.narcan.com/pdf/NARCAN-Prescribing-Information.pdf