Kunzwisisa maitiro emhaka kubva kuvabereki kusvika kumwana
Matambudziko eGenetic anokonzerwa nekuchinja kwegene . Izvi zvinogona kuchinja kubva kune vabereki kusvika kumwana panguva yekuberekwa. Pasinei nokuti mwana wacho achakudziridza chirwere chema genetic chinowanzoenderana nemuenzaniso wenhaka.
Mienzaniso yeNhaka
Pane mitemo miviri inofanotaura kuitika kwokuti munhu achagara nhaka yegenetic disorder.
Hazvirevi kuti izvi zvichaitika, asi zvinowedzera dambudziko.
Somuenzaniso, kenza yemazamu uye zvirwere zvemotokari zvinowanzofungidzirwa kuti zvinosanganiswa ne genetics. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwekuchinja kwematongerwo enyika hazvirevi nguva dzose kuchirwere ichi. Kune rumwe rutivi, mamwe maitiro ekuchinja, zvakadai seaya anosangana ne hemophilia , acharatidzira maitiro ehutano (kunyange kune zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvekuoma).
Kuda kwehutano kunobva pane zvinotevera:
- Chero imwe kopi ye mutated gene (kubva kune mumwe mubereki) kana mairi maviri (kubva kuvabereki vose) inotora nhaka
- Pasinei nokuti kuchinja kwechimwe chinhu chiri pane imwe yemachromosomes (X kana Y) kana imwe yevamwe makumi maviri nemaviri emamwe maviri emakromosomes (asina kunzi autosomes)
Kubva pamaitiro akabatanidzwa, tinogona kuisa chirwere ichi se X-yakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya, Y-yakabatanidzwa, autosomal rection, kana kuti autosomal inowanikwa.
X-Yakabatanidza Kushungurudzika Kwakaitika
Muchivhiringidzika chakakonzerwa neC-X, mutered mutated anoitika pa X (vakadzi) chromosome.
Vanhurume vane imwe X uye imwe Y chromosome, saka mutachiona wakashandurwa pa X chromosome wakakwana kuti uite chirwere chacho.
Madzimai, zvakasiyana, ane ma-X chromosomes, saka mutauro wakashandurwa pane imwe X chromosome kazhinji hauna kuita zvishoma pamusikana nokuti chikamu chisina kuchinja pane chimwe chinonyanya kubvisa.
Zvisinei, musikana ane genetic mutation pane imwe X chromosome yaizova mutakuri wechirwere ichocho. Zvinotitaurira izvi ndezvokuti, kubva pane imwe nhamba, mazana makumi mashanu evanakomana vake vachagara nhaka yekuchinja uye kuwedzera chirwere chacho, asi 50 muzana yevanasikana vake vachagara nhaka yekuchinja uye vave mutakuri.
Matambudziko eY-Anobatanidza
Nokuti varume chete ndivo vane chromosome Y, varume chete ndivo vanogona kuchinjwa nekupedza matambudziko anonzi Y. Vose vanakomana vemunhu ane chirwere che-Y chinokonzerwa vachagara nhaka kubva kuna baba vavo.
Autosomal Recessive Disorders
Nekuvhiringidzika kwezvokudya zvakanyanya, munhu anoda mapeji maviri emutiki-mutumbi kubva kumubereki mumwe-kuti ave nechirwere.
Munhu ane kopi imwe chete ichava mutakuri. Zvinotakura hazvizogadziriswi nekuchinja kana kuva nezviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvechirwere. Vanokwanisa, zvisinei, vanodarika kuchinja kwevana vavo.
Kana vabereki vose vakatakura mutsauko wekuzvidzivirira kwepasimusi, zvinetso zvevana vavo vane chirwere ndezvizvi:
- 25 muzana yengozi yekuwana zviitiko zvose uye kuva nechirwere
- 50 muzana yengozi yekuwana imwe kopi imwe chete uye kuva mutakuri
- 25 muzana mukana wekusava nhaka nhaka yekuchinja
Uyezve, mwana mumwe nomumwe achava nemikana yakafanana yekuwana nhaka yemuviri.
Zvinokonzera Kuvhiringidzika Kukuru Kwakawanda
Muchivimbiso chikuru chekudzivirira, munhu wacho anoda chete kopi imwe yemutambo we mutated kuva kana kuti kuve nemamiriro acho. Varume nevakadzi vanogona kunge vakavhiringidzika. Uyezve, vana vemunhu ane autosomal inowanzoita chirwere vane 50 muzana yemukana wekuwana chirwere chacho, zvakare.
> Kwakabva:
> US National Library yemishonga: National Institutes of Health. "Kana chirwere chinokonzerwa nemararamiro chinowedzera mumhuri mangu, ndeipi mikana yokuti vana vangu vachava nemamiriro ezvinhu?" Genetics Home Reference. Bethesda, Maryland; yakarongedzwa musi waNovember 7, 2017.