Nzira Inobudirira Ndeipi Nzira Inoita Kuedzwa Mukuziva Dhementia?
Nzira Yokuita Muedzo (TMT) inoshandiswa chekuongorora iyo dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kutarisa dhementia nekuongorora kugona-kukwanisa kufunga, kufunga, nekuyeuka. Iyo TMT ine zvikamu zviviri zvinotumidzwa seMutambo Wokuita Muedzo Chikamu A uye Mutsara Wokuita Mutsara Chikamu B. I TMT ndiyo nguva yakatarwa uye chinangwa ndechokupedzisa kuedza nenzira yakarurama uye nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Zvikamu zveMuedzo
Chikamu A
Iyo TMT Chikamu A ine mapurisa makumi maviri nemashanu pamapepa ane nhamba 1-25 yakanyorerwa munharaunda. Basa rekutora taker nderokutanga nhamba yekutanga uye kutora mutsara kubva kubva mudenderedzwa kusvika kumbiru uye nhamba mbiri mairi kune denderedzwa nematatu mairi, nezvimwewo. Munhu anoenderera kubatanidza denderedzwa muchiverengero kusvikira vasvika nhamba 25.
Chikamu B
Iyo TMT Chikamu B ine mapurisa makumi maviri nemashanu pamapapepa, asi pane dzose dzembiru dzine nhamba, hafu yedenderedzwa ine nhamba 1-12 mavari uye imwe hafu (12) ine tsamba AL. Munhu anotora muedzo ane basa rakaoma zvikuru rokutora rwonzi kubva kune rumwe rutivi kusvika kune rinotevera mukukwira urongwa; zvisinei, iye anofanira kushandura denderedzwa dzine nhamba mavari (1-13) nemakwikwi netsamba mavari (AL). Mune mamwe mazwi, iye anofanira kubatanidza denderedzwa nenzira yakadai seiyi: 1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D-5-E nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Test Administration
Kuti upe muedzo, ipai kuedza kutora pepa nemitsara pairi, tsanangura mazano uye wozoenzanisira pane peji peji pekuzadzisa Chikamu A. Zvadaro, udza munhu kuti atange kuedza uye nguva. Dzorerai mazano eChikamu B, zvakare kuratidza pane peji pejiji nzira yekuzadzisa chikamu B.
Kana munhu wacho asingakwanisi kupedzisa muedzo mushure memaminitsi mashanu, unogona kurega kuedza.
Chiito chekuedza Chikanganiso
Paunenge uchitarisa kuongorora kweTTT, kana kukanganisa kuitwa, mutongi anofanira kumuratidza munhu wacho pakarepo uye anotamisa peniseri kumashure ekupedzisira yakarurama.
Kugovera
Nzira yekuita kuedzwa inotarirwa kuti inotora nguva yakareba sei kupedzisa kuedzwa. Kana munhu achiita kukanganisa mumuedzo, hapana kuchinja mune zvikamu kunze kwekuti zvinopedza nguva yavo yekupedzisa sezvo munhu wacho achifanira kudzokera kumusangano wekare, nokudaro achiwedzera nguva yavo.
Zvikoro zvinogamuchirwa
Maererano nenheyo ye TMT yehutungamiri, chiyero chepakati che TMT Chikamu A chiri masaminiti makumi maviri nemasere uye chikamu chakakosha chinopfuura 78 seconds.
Kune TMT Chikamu B, chikwata chepakati pevhisi masikati makumi manomwe uye chikamu chakakosha chinopfuura maminitsi 273.
Migumisiro ye TMT yakawanikwa yakakosha zvikuru nezera; sezvo vanhu vakwegura, vanoda nguva yakareba yekuzadzisa TMT. Makore mangani emhando yemunhu uyo akagamuchira zvishoma zvishoma zvakakonzerwa nemigumisiro.
Kubudirira kwekuongorora
Iyo TMT inotarisa kutarisa, kuonekwa kwekuona kuongorora nekugadzirisa nekukurumidza, uye iri chiyero chakanaka chekugadzirisa kushanda.
Chikamu A ndicho chiyero chakanaka chekuyeuka. Chikamu B kazhinji chinonyanya kufarira kuhutungamiri huchiita kubva pakuedzwa kunoda mikana yakawanda yekuipedza. Iyo TMT Chikamu B yakave ichiratidzwa sechishandiso chinobatsira kuongorora kana munhu waunoda ane dementia anogona kuchengetedza zvakanaka sezvo inoda mano ekuona , motokari kushanda uye kugadzirisa zvinogadzirisa.
The Oral Trail Making Test
Nzira Yokuita Muedzo inogonawo kupiwa mumuromo. Panzvimbo pokupa munhu papepa nepeni, unogona kungokumbira munhu kuti avere kubva 1 kusvika 25 (Chikamu A). Kune Chikamu B, munhu wacho anokumbirwa kutaura nemashoko achidzokorora nhamba netsamba, kushandura pakati pehamba uye tsamba dzakadai se: 1-A-2-B-3-C nezvimwewo.
Izwi remuromo weTTT rinogona kuva chigadzirisho chekuongorora kuongorora kana munhu mumuviri asingakwanisi kuita mhinduro yakanyorwa kana mumamiriro ezvinhu sechipatara apo chirwere uye kuneta zvingakanganisa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa.
Pros uye Cons
Pros
Iko kusununguka kushandisa, asi dzimwe mimwe miedzo inoda kubhadhara mari imwe neimwe iyo inotarisirwa.
Zvakapfupika, kutora maminitsi mashanu chete kutungamirira.
Chikamu B chave chiratidzwa sechiyero chakanaka chekushanda kwehutano. Miedzo inongoratidzira chiyeuchidzo kana mazwi ekutsvaga mazwi anogona kukanganisa kukanganisa masimba ekushanda uye saka haaone mamwe marudzi ehutementi .
Cons
Zera rakwegura rinowanzokonzera kushanda, kunyange musipo kwekukanganisa kupi kwepfungwa, asi izvi hazvifungidzirwi muchikwata.
Imwe tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti TMT yaizosiya huwandu huwandu hwevatyairi vanogona kana hwakangotarisirwa kuti uongorore unyanzvi hwokufambisa, asi zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakawana zvakashata zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvingakanganisa mutyairi kana avo vakakomberedza.
Shoko kubva
Nzira iyo inoita kuedza A uye B inogona kuva chinhu chakakosha pakuongorora kugogodza. Sezvo kune imwe nzira ipi zvayo yekuongorora, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti TMT ndiyo kuongorora kuongorora uye haifaniri kushandiswa muga woga kuti ione kuora mwoyo.
Sources:
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 19 (2004) 203-214. Mharaunda Kuita Muedzo A uye B: Dhigirii inowanzochengetedzwa nezera uye dzidzo. www.usz.ch/non_cms/neurologie/HealthPro/Davos/normen_tmt.pdf
Kuziva uye Kuzvibata Neurology. Kuchengetedzwa kweKliniki yeArmal Trail Kuita Test. http://journals.lww.com/cogbehavneurol/Abstract/1996/01000/Clinical_Validation_of_the_Oral_Trail_Making_Test.7.aspx
National Highway Traffic Safety Institution. Chiremba Gwaro Rekuongorora uye Kurayira Vakwegura Vakwegura. http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/OlderDriversBook/pages/Chapter3.html
> Papandonatos G, Ott B, Davis J, Barco P, Carr D. Clinical utility yenzira yekugadzira migwagwa sechirongwa chekufambisa basa kune vakwegura vakuru. Nyaya yeAmerican Geriatrics Society. 2015; 63 (11): 2358-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503623.
State of Alaska. Department of Administration. >> Trail Making Test (TMT) Zvikamu A & B. http://doa.alaska.gov/dmv/akol/pdfs/uiowa_trailmaking.pdf .