Kana iwe une chirwere chetachipatara, unogona kunge uchiziva kuti kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana umo mavairusi anogona kupararira. Saka izvi zvinorevei kana iwe uine mwana? Uchakwanisa kunwisa here? Ndezvipi zvinodzivirira zvinofanira kutorwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzehepatitis?
Kurwisa uye Viral Hepatitis
Chimwe chinhu chinowanzova nehanya navanaamai vane hutachiwana hwehutachipatheni ndiro ngozi yekuendesa kune vacheche vavo nekuda kwekuyamwisa.
Kunyange zvazvo huwandu hweuchapupu hwezvesayenzi hunoratidza kuti tsika yacho yakachengeteka zvakakwana, zvingwarira zvinofanira kutorwa mune dzimwe nguva.
Pakati pevatsigiri ndeyeAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), iyo inotsigira zvakasimba kunyamwisa kwevanaamai vane hepatitis uye vanoifunga kuti ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa uye hutano hwakanaka hwevana vavo vacheche.
Mhedziso iyi inonyanya kushandiswa pakutsvakurudza kwepachimiro yehutachiona kuhutachiona hwemamai kusvika kumwana hwehutachiona hweA hepatitis A, B, C, D uye E muUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira.
Hepatitis A uye Hepatitis E
Hepatitis A virusi (HAV) inopararira kunyanya kuburikidza nefecal-muromo nzira, iyo inosanganisira kunyorera zvokudya zvakasvibiswa kana mvura, inobata muromo wepabonde-yechirwere, uye zvimwe zviitiko apo fecal nyaya inogona kutapudzwa kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu. Saizvozvowo, hutsanana hwakanaka, kusanganisira zvakasimba uye kusagadzikana kwekugadzira maoko, kunoonekwa sekukosha pakudzivirira kupararira kweHIV.
Kukurukurirana nemamwe mashizha emuviri hausi kutaridzirwa semigwagwa yekutumira. Hapana uchapupu hweHIV hwakambosanganiswa mumukaka wevanhu, unoita kuti kunyamwisa kwakachengeteke zvakakwana kune vakwegura vacheche.
Kana mai vacho vave vakafuridzirwa kuHIV, vanogona kupiwa immune globulin (IG) , rudzi rwekunatswa kwechirwere chinogona kumudzivirira kubva pakuvandudza chirwere chacho.
Kuvanaamai vakatotapukirwa, vamwe vanachiremba vanokurudzira kupa hepatitis A immune globulin kumwana achangoberekwa kana amai vane chiratidzo chemavhiki maviri vasati vasununguka uye vhiki imwe mushure mokuberekwa. Vamwe vanachiremba vanoona chiito ichi chisingadikanwi sezvo kutapurirwa kweHIV kusvika kumwana hakusi nyore.
Hepatitis E virusi (HEV) yakafanana nehepatitis A nenzira iyo inopararira. Kunyange zvazvo zvisinganyanyi kuitika muUnited States, inowanzoonekwa mune zvikamu zveAsia, Africa, uye Central America.
Hepatitis E inogona kuva yakaoma mumudzimai ane pamuviri se20 muzana yevakadzi vanotapukirwa nehutachiona panguva yekuzvitakura vanogona kukura zvakakwana hepatitis (acute fover failure). Zvisinei, sezvakaita hepatitis A, kuyamwisa kuchiri kunzi kwakachengeteka kumadzimai vane utachiona hwe HEV.
Hepatitis B uye Hepatitis D
Utachiona hweHepatitis B (HBV) hunopfuudzwa kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu kuburikidza neropa reAIDS, kazhinji kuburikidza nekugovana tsvina dzakasvibiswa kana kuita zvepabonde nemunhu ane utachiona.
Utachiona hunogona kuwanika mumvura zhinji yemvura asi hunongopararira kana huripo mumatunhu akakwirira mune rimwe ropa, semeni kana salivha.
Kusiyana nehepatitis A neE, HBV inogona kupararira kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvarwa. Iyi nzira yekufambisa haina kujairika muEurope neNorth America asi inozivikanwa kuti inowanzoitika kakawanda munyika dzichiri kusimukira dzine hurongwa hwehutano hwakanaka.
Kutapurirwa kweHBV, zvisinei, hazviitiki kuburikidza nemukaka wemazamu, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakachengeteka kumucheche kunze kwekunge pane ngozi yekuonana neHBV-ine utachiona hweropa. Nokudaro, vanaamai vane mapundu anokanganisa kana kubuda ropa vanofanira kufunga nezvekudzivirira kuyamwisa uye kuisa mucheche mucheche kusvikira nguva yakadaro apo mazamu avo aporeswa.
Amai vanofanira kufungira vacheche vavo vachipemha yeHepatitis B vachivimbisa kuti mucheche anopiwa hepatitis B IG mukati maawa gumi nemaviri ekuberekwa. Chirwere cheHepatitis B chinoda madha matatu: imwe pakuberekwa, yechipiri mumwedzi miviri, uye chechitatu mumwedzi mitanhatu.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) inoparidzirwa chete pamberi peHVB uye inoparadzirwa nenzira imwechete (ropa, semeni, saliva).
Kutendeuka kubva kuna amai kusvika kumwana hakuwanzoitiki. Sezvo neHBV, vanaamai vane HDV vanogona kunwisa vana vavo vacheche. Zvisinei, hutachiona hweHBV hwakanyatsokurudzirwa pakuberekwa kuti uderedze hutachiwana hweHIVV.
Hepatitis C
Utachiona hweHerpatitis C (HCV) hwakanyanya kupararira kuburikidza nehutano nehutachiwana hwehutachiona, hwakafanana ne hepatitis B. Zvisinei, kusiyana neHBV, kutarisana kwepabonde neHCV kunofungidzirwa kusingawanzoti kunze kwevamwe mapoka makuru ane ngozi .
Nzira huru yekufambisa kweHCV inoshandisa kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, kunyanya kushandiswa kwekugovana masero uye / kana kupinza mishonga yemishonga.
Muchikamu chimwe chete kusvika zviviri kubva muzana zvevakadzi vane pamuviri vanofungidzirwa kuva neHCV. Kutengesa kunonyanya kuitika mu utero (apo amai vane pamuviri uye vasati vasununguka) uye vanotakura mungozi yepamapfumbamwe kubva muzana, zvichienderana nehutachiwana hwehutachiona uye zvimwe zvinokonzera ngozi.
Pane, zvisinei, hapana humwe humwe hutachiona hweHCV hunovapo semugumisiro wekuyamwisa, nevana vane bhodhoro uye vane mukomana vane chiyero chekutapukirwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, Centers for Disease Control uye Prevention, American Congress of Obstetricians uye Gynecologists uye American Academy of Pediatrics vose vanotsigira kuyamwisa nevana vane hutachiona hweHCV. Sezvo nehepatitis B, zvisinei, zvinodzivirira zvinofanira kutorwa kana amai vakagumburwa kana kubuda ropa, vachivapa nguva yekuporesa vasati vamuyamwisa mwana wavo.
Izvo zvinopesana nekusamwisa ndezvamai vanobatwa neHIV neHCV . Iye zvino, muUnited States, kunyamwa hazvikurudzirwi vanaamai vanotapukirwa neHIV sezvo pane inogona kutapurirwa, kunyanya mune vakadzi vasina vakadzidziswa nevakadzi vane hutachiona hweHIV hutsika.
Vanaamai Vanofanira Kudii Vasina Kuberekwa?
Sezvaunoverenga kuburikidza nemashoko ari pamusoro apa, unogona kuva nehanya nekuyamwisa uye ngozi yemwana wako. Kana zvakadaro, zvingava zvinobatsira kunzwisisa apo kunyamwa hazvikurudzirwi maererano neCDC, sezvo pane chaizvoizvo zvishoma apo izvi ndezvechokwadi. Kuyamwisa hakukurudzirwi ku:
- Mwana akacheche akawana chirwere chisina kujairika galactosemia ( kuzvarwa patsva kuongororwa kwekuongorora kuongorora chirwere ichi)
- Amai avo vane utachiwana hweHIV, munhu T-cell lymphotropic yega yega I kana yepiri II, kana vari kutora antiretroviral mishonga
- Amai vasingateereri, vanobata chirwere chetachiona
- Vanaamai vanovimba nemishonga isina kukodzera
- Amai vanotora kenza yemakemikrasi yemishonga (yakadai seantimetabolites) kana kuti remishonga inonzi radiation
Pasi pepamusoro paBreatasting and Viral Hepatitis
Kakawanda, kubvumirana kwemasangano akawanda emarudzi ndeokuti zvakakosha zvekuyamwisa zvinopfuura zvirwere apo amai vane viral hepatitis. Chimwe chinhu chinogona kuitika kana amai vane hepatitis B kana hepatitis C yave ichinyuka kana kubuda ropa. Kana izvi zvikaitika, zvakadaro, kuyamwisa kunongoda kumira kusvikira mazamu aamai aporesa, uye anogona kudzoka zvakare.
Sources:
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. Kuberekwa. Hepatitis B uye C Zvirwere. Updated 06/17/15. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/hepatitis.htm
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. Amai Vanofanirwa Kudzivirira Kuyamwisa? Updated 11/18/16. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/