Basa Rinoita Ko Capillaries Inotamba Munharaunda Yakasiyana-siyana?
Mapapurazi ndiyo midziyo miduku yeropa mumutumbi, ichibatanidza mitsetse shomanana kune mitsetse miduku. Iyi midziyo inowanzotumidzwa se "microcirculation."
Maitiro eKapillaries
Mapapurasi akaonda kwazvo, anenge mashanu emamita mana muhupamhi, uye anoumbwa nemaviri maviri emakamuri; mukati memukati memasero endothelial uye nechokunze kwema epithelial cells.
Izvo zvishoma zvokuti masero matsvuku eropa anoda kuerera kuburikidza navo mafaira asina. Kudai dzose dzakapinda mumuviri womunhu dzakanga dzaiswa mufaira rimwe chete, mutsetse wacho waizotambanudza makiromita 100 000. Zvave zvichifungidzirwa kuti pane mabhiriyoni makumi mana emadhora makumi maviri nemakumi mashanu emutumbi wevanhu. Akakomberedza ichi chiyero chemasero chimwe chinonzi chivako chepasi, chidimbu cheprotini chakakomberedza capillary.
Capillaries muChirculatory System
Capillaries inogona kufungidzirwa seyiyo chikamu chikuru chekupararira. Ropa rinosiya mwoyo kuburikidza ne aorta uye mishonga yemapurmonary kuenda kune imwe yose yemuviri uye kumapapu maererano. Iyi mitsetse yakakura inova duku ye-arterioles uye pakupedzisira yakanyoroveswa kuti igadzire mubhedha we capillary. Kubva pamapilisare, ropa rinopinda mumavumbi maduku uye zvakare mumumakumbo, richidzokera kumoyo.
Basa reKapillaries
Izvo zvinokonzera kutakura kutengesa uye kushandiswa kwemhepo, mvura, uye michina mumuviri.
Gas Exchange
Mumaapapu, okisijeni inoparadzaniswa kubva kune alveoli kuenda kune capillaries kuti ibatanidzwe ne hemoglobin uye inotakurwa mumuviri wose. Carbon dioxide (kubva paooxygenated blood) inobva ichiyerera kubva kumapilisiri kudzokera ku-alveoli kuti ibudiswe mukati memhepo.
Fluid uye Nutrient Exchange
Saizvozvowo, mvura inonwisa uye mishonga inopararira kuburikidza nekusarudza mapiraire akavharidzirwa mukati memaviri emuviri, uye zvinoshandiswa mumarara zvinotorwa mumapilisiri kuti atakure nemumasipire kusvika kune itsvo uye chiropa uko izvo zvinoshandiswa uye zvakabviswa mumuviri.
Aina dzeCapillaries
Kune 3 mhando dzepamusoro dze capillaries:
- Kuenderera mberi - Aya majekitori haana matanho uye anobvumira tudiki mashoma kuti apfuure. Ivo varipo mususu, ganda, mafuta, uye nerve tissue.
- Fenestrated - Aya majekitori ane zvinyorwa zviduku zvinobvumira zvinyorwa zviduku uye zvinowanikwa mumatumbo, itsvo, uye gland.
- Sinusoidal kana kuregera - Aya majekitori ane mapiro makuru akazaruka-makuru akakwana kubvumira masero eropa kuburikidza. Ivo varipo mumapfupa emarara, lymph nodes, uye spleen, uye, chaizvoizvo, "leakiest" yemapillas.
- Ropa-uropi hunovhara - Mukatikati yenheyo system ma capillaries anoita izvo zvinozivikanwa sevhudzi reuropi-uropi . Izvi zvinokonzera kukwanisa kwehuipi (uye, zvinosuruvarisa, akawanda chemotherapy agents) kuti apinde muuropi.
Ropa Ruchayerera Kupfuura Capillaries
Sezvo ropa richiyerera kuburikidza nemapapillari rinotora chikamu chakakosha mukuchengetedza muviri, unganetseka kuti chii chinoitika kana ropa richiyerera, somuenzaniso, kana ropa rako rinodonha ( hypotension .) Capillary beds inotungamirirwa kuburikidza nechimwe chinhu chinonzi autoregulation, kuitira kuti kana kuwedzera kweropa kuchidonha, kupfuurira kuburikidza ne capillaries zvicharamba zvichipa oxygen nemuviri kumatumbu emuviri.
Nekurovedza muviri, mamwe mabheji e-capillary anoshandiswa mumapapu kuti agadzirire kuwedzerwa kwechidimbu chemoya mukati memaviri emuviri.
Kuyerera kweropa mumapilisare kunodzorwa ne precapillary sphincters. A prehtillary sphincter ndiyo muscular fibers inodzora kufamba kweropa pakati pe arterioles ne capillaries.
Capillary Microcirculation
Mutemo wekufamba kwemasvikiro pakati pemasipirari uye mazamu akakomberedzwa anoshandiswa nehuwandu hwemasimba maviri: hydrostatic pressure uye osmotic pressure.
Pamusoro pebasa rekudzivirira kwe capillary, hydrostatic pressure (zvinokonzerwa nemwoyo kupomha ropa uye kuwedzera kwemasero) zvakakwirira.
Sezvo capillaries "yakasvibiswa" ikoku kunomanikidza mvura uye mishonga pamasvingo e capillary uye kunze kwepakati penzvimbo uye masukisi.
Pamusoro pevhesi ye capillary, hydrostatic pressure inodonha zvikuru. Parizvino, inonzi osmotic inomanikidzwa yemvura mukati me capillary (nekuda kwekuvapo kwemasarita uye mapuroteni ari muropa) iyo inoita kuti mvura idzoke zvakare mumapilisa. Osmotic pressure inonziwo incotic pressure uye ndiyo inokonzera mvura uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kubva mumasukisi uye mumapillary kuti adzoserwe muropa (uye anobva aendeswa kune itsvo pakati peimwe nzvimbo.)
Nhamba yeCapillaries
Nhamba ye capillaries muhutu inogona kusiyana zvikuru. Zvechokwadi, mapapu aya akazara namapapuriri akakomberedza alveoli kuti atore oksijeni ndokudurura carbon dioxide. Kunze kwemapapu, capillaries yakawanda mumasumbu ayo anonyanya kushandiswa.
'Capillaries' Yokuona '
Ganda blanching - Kana wakamboshamisika kuti nei ganda rako richichenesa kana iwe ukaisa dambudziko pamusoro payo mhinduro ndiyo capillaries. Kushushikana paganda kunomanikidza ropa kubva mumakumbo e-capillaries zvichikonzera kuonekwa kana kuchena kana kuvharwa kubviswa.
Capillary refill - Vanachiremba vanowanzoongorora "capillary refill." Izvi zvinoedzwa nekucherechedza kuti ganda rinowedzera sei pfupa zvakare mushure mokumanikidzwa kunosunungurwa uye kunogona kupa pfungwa yehutano hwemashupu. Muenzaniso wekushandiswa uku kwaizova kune vanhu vane kupisa. Chipiri chechipiri chinogona kuparidzira capillary refill kuti inenge yakanonoka, asi mune chetatu-degree inopisa, hapazovi nekugadziriswa kwemapurisa zvachose.
Emergency responders vanowanzotarisa capillary refill nokukanda paminwe kana kuti kunyoresa, ipapo kusunungura kumira uye kumirira kuona kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti misodzi ionekwe zvakare pink. Kana ruvara ruchidzoka mukati memaminitsi maviri (iyo yakawanda yenguva inotora kuti utaure capillary refill), kupararira kune ruoko kana gumbo zvinenge zvakakodzera. Kana kugadziriswa kwemapapirory kunotora maminitsi maviri, kupararira kwechimiro kunogona kutyisidzirwa uye kunofungidzirwa kuti kune imwe nguva. Kune mamwe maitiro ayo iyo capillary refill inononoka zvakare, zvakadai sekudzikisa mvura.
Chechitatu kutaridzika uye capillary kukwana - Unogona kunzwa vanachiremba vachitaura nezvechiitiko chinonzi "nzvimbo yechitatu." Capillary kukwana inoreva kukwanisa kwemvura kunodarika kubva mumapilisiri kupinda mumatumbu akakomberedzwa. Capillary kupera simba inogona kuwedzerwa ne cytokines (leukotrienes, histamines, uye prostaglandins) yakabudiswa nemasero ezvirwere zvemuviri. Iko kuwedzera kwemvura (kutarisa kwechitatu) munharaunda kunogona kukonzera mikoko. Apo mumwe munhu ari kurwara kwazvo, chikamu chechitatu chinobva pamakumbo akaoma anokwanisa kunge akapararira, achipa muviri wavo kutaridzika kuoneka.
Madzimai emapapiro eropa - Mazuva mazhinji apo iwe uine ropa rako rakaswededzwa, unyanzvi uchatora ropa kubva mumutsipa uri muruoko rwako. Capillary ropa inogona kushandiswawo kuedza kuongorora ropa, zvakadai kune avo vanocherechedza shuga yavo yeropa. I-lancet inoshandiswa kudisa munwe (kutema makadzilasi) uye inogona kushandiswa kuedza shuga yeropa neropa pH.
Mamiriro Ekubatanidza VaKapillaries
Kune mimwe miviri yakawanda uye yakajairika iyo inosanganisira capillaries. Zvishoma pane izvi zvinosanganisira:
Purogirini yewaini inotonhora - "Kuberekwa" - Inenge 1 muvana vana vanoberekwa ne "marangi ekuberekwa" ane chikamu chebhuvara tsvuku kana ruvara rwepepuru rakabatana nemapapuriri akachera. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzewaini dzinotakura zvinetso zvinotapira panzvimbo yekurapa, asi dzinogona kubuda ropa nyore kana dzatsamwiswa.
Capillary malformation - arteriovenous malformation syndrome - Capillary malformation inogona kuitika sechikamu chechirwere chakaberekwa chinowanikwa munenge 1 mu100 000 vanhu vekuberekwa kweEurope. Muchirwere ichi, kune ropa rakawanda rinopfuura rinowanzoitika kuburikidza nemapapuriri pedyo neganda, izvo zvinoita kuti pine pfupa uye zvitsvuku paganda. Izvo zvinogona kuitika ndoga, kana kuti vanhu vanogona kunge vane zvimwe zvinetso zvechirwere ichi chakadai searteriovenous malformations (zvisingawanzobatanidza pakati pemishonga uye mitsipa) iyo, kana iri muuropi, inogona kukonzera misoro uye kugumburwa.
Systemic capillary leak syndrome - Chirwere chisinganzwisisiki chinonzi capillary leak syndrome chinosanganisira leaky capillaries chinoita kuti nguva dzose kusanganiswa kwemazamu uye zvikamu zvekushaya simba zvichikonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwekukurumidza muropa.
Macular degeneration - Kuipa kwemaMacular, ikozvino chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzera bofu muUnited States, kunoitika kune imwe yechipiri kuti iparadzwe mumapilisare e retina.
> Sources:
> Genetics Home Reference. Capillary Malformation - Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome. Yakabudiswa 11/08/16.
> US National Library of Medicine. Capillaries.