Formaldehyde isimbi isina kuchena, yakasimba yemakemikari inogadzira iyo inogona kukonzera mifananidzo yezvidzidzo zvechikoro chesekondari uye nhengo dzebhodeni, zvichida nekuda kwekushandiswa kwayo kwakakurumbira semushandi wekumisa. Kana yakabatanidzwa mumvura, iyo inowanzova formalin, ikemikari yakasiyana ye formaldehyde.
Formalin inyanzvi inowanzowanika muma laboratori ezvokurapa pasi rose, sezvo "inogadzirisa" mhando dzemaviri; mienzaniso yakadaro yebiologic inonzi i "formalin yakagadziriswa, parafini yakaiswa" apo formalin inogadzira zvidzitiro zvepakati mumasukisi anochengetedza samuenzaniso, uye ipapo parafini inoputika yemaviri inoshandiswa kupa simba rakakwana uye simba kuti chibvumirano chive akachekwa zvishoma uye akaiswa pachidimbu chekuona microscopic.
Kushandiswa kwema formaldehyde uye formalin hakurevi kumishonga, zvisinei, uye formaldehyde yakawanda zvikuru mumamiriro ezvinhu kunze kweunogona kufunga. Tsanangudzo shomanana yezvishandisi zvinenge zvine kana zvakaitwa ne formaldehyde zvinotevera:
- Zvimwe zvivako zvekuvakira, kusanganisira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa-miti, zvakadai se particleboard, plywood, uye fiberboard
- Mamwe maginisi uye anonamatira
- Zvipfeko zvepermanent-press
- Paper product coatings
- Zvimwe zvekudzivirira zvinhu
- Industrial fungicides, germicides, uye zvinodhaka maitiro
- Zvichengetedze mumartuaries uye ma laboratori ezvokurapa
Formaldehyde inoitikawo zvakasikwa mumhepo. Muzvokwadi, inobudiswa zviduku zvishoma nezvisikwa zvipenyu sechikamu chechimiro chemasabolism chaiwo.
Yakatanga Kupi?
Formaldehyde yaizotengeswa kutanga muGermany muma1880, uye gare gare muBelgium, France, neUnited States. Nhoroondo yekare, formaldehyde yakatanga kushandiswa zvikuru sechiremba chekuchengetedza, kana kuti mutambi wekumisa.
Nhasi, kushandiswa kwakadaro kunomiririra kudarika imwechete yezana yenhamba. Shandisa mu particleboard, iyo yakatanga muna 1940 muGermany yaiva imwe yezvokutanga zvezvinoshandiswa zvezvinoshandiswa zvemakemikari.
Chii Chinoshandiswa Nhasi?
Inofungidzira ndeyokuti mamiriyoni matatu emamiriyoni emakumi mashanu emasitadhidehyde gore negore anogadzirwa neveEuropea vashandi chete, kuti vashandiswe mune dzimwe nyika dzakasiyana siyana kusanganisira kuvaka, motokari, ndege uye utano hwehutano.
Muna 2012, China ndiyo yakakura zvikuru, inoteverwa neUnited States nedzimwe nyika. Nyika yakagadzirwa nehupfumi yakarongeka inopfuura mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu ematanhatu emamita muna 2017.
Formaldehyde ine kubwinya kukuru uye unhu hunopikisa, saka inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwezvikwata zvakawanda zvezvikwata zvinokonzera kushandiswa kwezvombo zvekushandisa, kushambidza pads, gonhi uye mahwindo ekudzivirira uye sechinhu chinogadzirwa mujini injini. Zvishoma zviduku zve-formaldehyde-based resins zvinoshandiswa mumashini ekugadzira mashizha kubatsira mashizha akaiswa mumicheka uye kudzivirira mavara kubva kumhanya kana zvipfeko zvichigezwa.
Vanhu Vanoratidzirwa Sei Kuti Vakagadziriswa?
Maererano neAmerican Cancer Society, nzira huru iyo vanhu vanoratidzirwa kuita formaldehyde iri kuburikidza nokuputika, kunyange zvakadaro zvinokwanisika kujekeswa kuburikidza neganda kana nokudya zvokudya kana kunwa zvinodhaka zvine formaldehyde. Formaldehyde inosangana ne-inonzi inopiratory mucosa, masero akavhara mumuromo, maphupa emvura uye mhepo, anogona kuputsika nemakemikari akadaro zvokuti zvishoma nechetatu zvaro zvinopinda muropa.
Mhepo yomukati nemhepo yekunze mune zvishoma zve formaldehyde kazhinji. Izvi zviyero zvinowanzova pasi pe033 zvikamu pamamiriyoni.
Motokari inopera ndiyo inokonzera formaldehyde mumhepo yekunze, asi mukati memahara formaldehyde mauto anowana zvipo kubva kune zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemiti yemapuranga ane formaldehyde resins, mudzimba dzisati dzisati dzave, uye vapfumi veperosene. Utsi hwefodya huriwo hunotangira formaldehyde, uye zvidzidzo chimwechete zvakawana zvikamu zvakakwirira zve formaldehyde zvakasungwa kuDNA mumachena masero evanhu vanosvuta kana vachienzaniswa nevasingatauri.
Izvozvo Zvingaita Sei Kuti General Health?
Vanhu vakakurudzirwa kuburikidza nekuputika kusvika kumazinga kubva ku00 kusvika ku05 ppm vakave vachirondedzerwa kuva nekushungurudza uye kushungurudzwa kwameso, kushaya mishonga, uye kuwedzerwa njodzi yekurasikirwa uye / kana kukanganiswa.
Eczema uye kuchinja mumabasa emapapu zvakaratidzwa pamatanho ari pakati pe 0.6 kusvika 1.9 ppm. Kuderedza muviri, kuonda kwemasumbu, chiropa uye kuora kwetsvo zvakaratidzwa mumhuka mumuromo zvichibudiswa kune 50-100 milligrams / kilogram / zuva (mg / kg / zuva) formaldehyde.
Inogona Kuchinja Mamiriro Ezvinhu Anokonzera Kanzera Here?
Zvinosuruvarisa, mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu inoita se "hongu" panguva ino. Iko ndiko kuti, mapoka akasiyana-siyana anoziva kuti pangangodaro kune mungozi wekukurudzirwa kwekenza nekuda kwehutachidehyde, asi hukuru kana huwandu hwehutambudzi huri pachena. Dhipatimendi Rezvehutano neHuman Services (HHS) yakagadzirirwa muna 2011 kuti formaldehyde inoratidzirwa vanhu vanokonzerwa nehupenyu hwevanhu nemhuka yekudzidzira.
Imazuva omusanganiswa akabatanidzwa neAukemia nedzimwe zvirwere zvekenza here?
Kunyange zvazvo ibako rimwechete rinoratidzika rinoshandisa zvakananga kumararamiro eropa -kuti kunyatsova nekenza yepamusoro kubva ku-formaldehyde exposure hazvizivikanwe- leukemia , uye kunyanya chirwere cheukemukari chinonzi myeloid leukemia , chakataurwa nezvisungo masangano mashomanana pamwe nesarudzo yehydedehyde . Heino chidimbu muchidimbu pamusoro pengozi kubva ku formaldehyde kubva kuAmerican Cancer Society:
Kuonekwa kune formaldehyde kwave kuchiratidzwa kukonzera kenza mubazi rekuongorora mabhizimisi. Kuve nehuwandu hwakawanda hwema formaldehyde mune zvekurapa uye zvekugadzirisa basa zvakabatanidzwa kune dzimwe mhando dzekenza kuvanhu, asi mhedzisiro yekuisa kune zviduku zvishoma hazvijekeswi.
IAACS inotaura zvakare kuti zvidzidzo zvakasiyana siyana zvakawana kuti vanamateya uye vashandi vezvokurapa vanoshandisa formaldehyde vane ngozi yakawanda yeukwepa, uye kunyanya myeloid leukemia: "Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvevashandi vezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi zvakananga ku formaldehyde zvakawanawo njodzi dzakawanda dzeukama, asi kwete zvidzidzo zvose vakaratidza ngozi yakawedzerwa. "
National Cancer Institute vatsvakurudzi vakagumisa kuti, zvichibva pane zvinyorwa kubva kuongororo kune vanhu uye kubva pakutsvakurudza kwebazi, kusangana ne formaldehyde kunogona kukonzera kukwepa kweukama, zvikurukuru myeloid leukemia, kuvanhu.
EPA yeU.S. inoti: "Chimirodehyde chinogona kukanganisa ganda, maziso, mhuno, nehuro. Kumusoro kwehuwandu hwekutsvaga kunogona kukonzera mamwe marudzi ekenza. "Sangano rinopa humwe huwandu hwakaenzana uye zviyero zvine chokuita nemazinga ededehyde uye ngozi:
- IEA EPA yakatsanangura kuti kusvibiswa kwe formaldehyde mumvura yekunwa pamakiromita 10 milligrams / litita (mg / L) kwezuva rimwe kana 5 mg / L kwemazuva gumi hazvifanirwi kukonzera kuipa kupi zvayo kuvana.
- IEPA yakasarudzawo kuti upenyu hwehupenyu hwose hunenge huri 1 mg / L hwe formaldehyde mumvura yekunwa haitarisirwi kukonzera noutano husina kunaka hwehutano.
Mamwe masangano akave akatongawo pamusangano weodhadehyde:
- IO Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) inogadzirisa kushanda kwevashandi kusvika kuvhareji ye 0.75 ppm kwemaawa masere okushanda, maawa makumi mana emabasa.
- Dhipatimendi reUnited of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) rakagadzirisa mitemo yekubudisa formaldehyde muimba dzakagadzirwa zvisingasviki 0.2 ppm yeplywood uye 0.3 ppm yebato. IHUD mitemo yakagadzirirwa kuti ipe air air level ye 0.4 ppm kana zvishoma muimba yakagadzirwa.
Zvidzidzo Kuedza Kufananidza Maitiro Anopa Dera
Kana zvechokwadi ndiyo iyo iyo formaldehyde inokonzera njodzi yeukemia, saka zvinenge zvichida nzira iyo izvo zvinoitika izvo vasayendisiti vanogona kuzviona. Icho chaiva chikonzero chinotungamirira pakuongorora kwakabudiswa mumusi waMay 2017 weCritical Reviews muToxicology iyo yakaratidza kuitika kwema formaldehyde kuhutano hwevashandi vanoratidzika ku formaldehyde pane imwe yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kushandisa kana kubudisa formaldehyde-melamine resin muChina.
Ongororo yapfuura dzakanga dzawana kuti kusvibiswa kwakadaro kunokonzera kukuvadza kwema-blood forming cells mumupfupa. Muchidzidzo chemazvino, vatsvakurudzi vakaedza kusimbisa kuvepo kweimwe shanduko kuchinja mumasero machena eropa mukupindura kutemwa kwema formaldehyde. Vakanga vasingakwanisi kuratidza kusawirirana mumuchena weropa jena, granulocyte, platelet, uye tsvuku dzeropa rekare zvinodavirwa nemazinga e formaldehyde. Pakati pevashandi ve-formaldehyde-vakaparadzaniswa, hapana sangano rakaonekwa pakati pevamwe vanhu vakaenzana nemafungiro emasodhahyde ekufungidzirwa uye kuwandisa kwenhamba dzisina kukwana dzekromosomes mumasero. Ichi chidzidzo chakanga chisina kuratidza kuti formaldehyde yakachengeteka, asi pane kuti chero zvinokuvadza zvinokonzerwa ne formaldehyde hazvina kuonekwa zvichikonzerwa nekushandurwa kwenhamba yekromosome, zvichida kwete pamayero akaedzwa.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti ari kuramba achiedza kunzwisisa njodzi dzinobatanidzwa ne formaldehyde, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kumba kuti uedze kugadzirisa kutarisana kwako. IEPA inokurudzira kushandisa "kunze kwegiredhi" zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemapuranga kunyange mukati meimba. Sezviri pachena, zvishandiso izvi zvinotora zvishoma zvishoma formaldehyde nekuda kwekemikemu yemakateti anoshandiswa.
Iwe unogonawo kubvunza pamusoro pehuwandu hwema formaldehyde panguva yekutenga-apo unotenga zvinhu zvakagadzirwa-miti zvinosanganisira zvivako zvekuvaka, makabati, uye famani, nezvimwewo.
Imba ye formaldehyde mazinga inogona kuderedzwa nokusabvumira kusvuta mukati. Iwe unodawo kuvimbisa zvakanaka ventiroyo. Uye chimwe chinhu chaunofunga pamusoro paunenge uchigadzirisa zvakanaka thermostat yako iyo inotonhorera inononoka uye inononoka mhepo yakasvibirirwa inokurudzirwa. Vamwe vanhu vanochengetedza mari kuburikidza nekusafadza imba kana kure, asi hamudi kubvumira kutsetseka kwekumba kuti kuve kwakanyanyisa.
> Sources:
> America Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/formaldehyde.html
> Mundt KA, Gallagher AE, Dell LD, et al. Kushanda kwebasa kune formaldehyde kunokonzera hematotoxicity uye leukemia-chromosome chaiyo inoshandiswa mumakemikari anokonzera myeloid masero masero here? Crit Rev Toxicol . 2017 May 2: 1-11.
> ToxFAQs TM ye Formaldehyde. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts111.pdf