Zvinangwa zveMillennium Development (MDGs) zvinangwa zvitanhatu zvakasimbiswa neUnited Nations (UN) muna 2000, izvo zvinangwa zvekuvandudza hutsika hwehupenyu hwose, hutano, dzidzo, hupfumi hwehupfumi, uye zvakatipoteredza muna 2015. Pakati pezvinangwa zvakanyorwa ndezve kudana "kumira uye kuchinja" kupararira kweHIV, TB uye malaria-kunyanya munzvimbo dzekupararira kwakanyanya seSouth Africa yeSahara.
Kuti zvive nechinangwa ichi, masangano akawanda, kusanganisira Joint United Nations Program pamusoro peHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS), akaisa zvinangwa zvinogona kuenzaniswa kuti kuderedza kwete kuwanda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu uye huwandu hweHIV, asi huzhinji hwemagariro evanhu izvo zvinoramba zvichivhiringidza hutano hwehutano hwevanhu (hunosanganisira kusarura kweHIV , hutsinye hwevakadzi, uye kuparwa kwemhosva kweHIV ).
Kubvira pakuvambwa kweMDC, pane zvese zvinoshorwa uye zvinonetsa pamusoro pekusimudzira kwehutungamiri hweUnited Nations, zvichipa kusagadzikana kwekubhadhara mari zvichienderana nekuderera kwepasi rose uye kuwedzera-pane kuderedza-nhamba dzehutachiwana hutsva mune imwe nhamba yezvinokosha zvikuru, kusanganisira South Africa neUganda.
Chinangwa chekutanga: Kuderedza hutachiona hweHIV ne50%
Kubva muna 2001 kusvika muna 2011, chiitiko chekutachiwana kweHIV kwakawirwa ne 21% pasi rose. Kunyange zvazvo hurukuro yakawanda yezvinobudisa nhau yakapiwa mushumo weUNAIDS munaSeptember 2013 inotaura nezvekudonhoka kwe 33% muhutachiona hutsva, nhamba iyoyo yaisanganisira vose vakuru nevana.
Kubva pamaonero evanhu vanoita zvepabonde vari voga-kunyanya pakati pevanhu vane makore 15-24-kuderera kunongova hafu yezvakambofungidzirwa neAIDS, uye yakawanda inodonongodza kuderera kwe 25% muAfrica yeSouth Africa uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakapararira.
Kunyanya nezvechiri kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehutachiona hutsva hwakaparidzwa muEastern Europe nekuCentral Asia, izvo zvakapetwa kaviri kubva muna 2001 (zvinotungamirirwa kunyanya nemajojo ekushandisa zvinodhaka).
Saizvozvowo, kukundikana kuvhara hutachiona hweHIV pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) zvingangoita kuti zvive nepamusoro kana kuti zvishoma nezvishoma mumatunhu mazhinji akatsiga uye asina kusimukira.
Kusiyana neizvi, kubudirira kunoshamisa kwave kuchiwanikwa muCaribbean, uko hutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hunoderera ne 43% panguva imwe chete.
Chinangwa chechipiri: Isa mamiriyoni gumi nemamiriyoni evanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV paAnterretroviral Therapy
Kubva munaJanuary 2014, vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni matatu munyika dzichiri kusimukira vakange vaiswa pa antiretroviral therapy (ART) . Kuwedzera kwemishonga yekurapa yakabudiswa neWorld Health Organization (WHO) muna 2013-umo kurapwa kunokwanisa kutanga iko kuCD4 chiverengero chema 500 masero / mL kana kudarika-kuchawedzera kungakwanisa kugona kweART.
Pasinei nokufambira mberi uku, chirongwa cheMDC chakarasikirwa muna 2010, uye 55% chete yevanhu vane mamiriyoni 14.4 vanoda ART vachirigamuchira. Zvimwe, 28% chete yevana vakakodzera vane ruzivo rweART, pasi pehafu yevakadzi pane ART (63%).
Kubva munaJune 2013, hutachiona hweHIV hwakakosha huri kubudirira muLatin America neCaribbean (68%), neEastern Europe neCentral Asia ichiratidza kushaya simba kudarika (19%).
Kubva pane zvinoitika zvino, zvinokwanisika kuswedera kune chinangwa chemamiriyoni gumi nemashanu paAIDS kusvika pakupera kwegore ra2015, kunyanya sezvo kutenga kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kwakaderedza mari yemamwe madhiragi emishonga kusvika zvishoma ne $ 8 pamwedzi.
Zvisinei, kunze kwekuti hutachiwana hwehutachiwana hunogona kuderedzwa ne50% kubva muna 2020, sekuwanda kwevari kutarisira, hutano hwehutano hwekupa ART huri huwandu hweHIV huchawedzera huchava hukuru.
Chinangwa chechitatu: Kurega kubuda kweMikana kusvika kumwana weHIV nekuderedza kuurayiwa kweAIDS nehutachiona hweAIDS ne50%
Muna June 2013, UNAIDS yakaratidza kuti nyika dzeAfrica zvinomwe dzakawana kuderedzwa kwe50% muhutachiona hweHIV huri pakati pevana kubvira muna 2009. Zvakawanda zvekubudirira ndezvemapurogiramu anonzi antiretroviral zvirongwa zvekudzivirira kutapurirwa kwevana kuenda kumwana (MTCT), uye 75% kugovera mune zvakawanda zvakakosha zvinoreva. MuSouth Africa chete, mutengo weMATCT wakaderera kusvika ku5% inoshamisa, ichidzika kubva kumusoro kwe 37% muna 2000.
Saizvozvowo, matanho eTCT muBotswana neNamibia iye zvino anopfuura 90%, achitsvaga izvo zvaizofungidzirwa kuti zvakasikwa munyika yose ino.
Mukutaura kwekufa kwevana, maMDC aida kuderedzwa kwekufa kwevana vane hutachiwana hweHIV kusvika kuvakafa 38 kuburikidza nekuzvarwa kwevana 100 000. Nyaya yakawanda inotarisa kuti zvinangwa izvi zvinogoneka, uye nyika dzakadai seSouth Africa dzinotaura sevashomanana sevakafa 60 vane hutachiona hweHIV pamakore ekuzvarwa zana kubva muna1 000 000 kubva muna 2014.
Kunyange zvakadaro, pane zvakasara zvinoshushikana nezvehuwandu hwevana vanowana ART. Kunyange zvazvo kugoverwa kwakawedzera nevamwe 15% kubva muna 2009 kusvika muna 2011, nhamba idzi dzichiri shure kune dzevarume nevakadzi vakuru (21%).
Chinangwa chechina: Shandisai Nhamba yeTiberculosis Kufa muvanhu Vanorarama neHIV
VaMDC vakakumbira kuderedzwa kwehutachiona (TB) -hutano hwakataurirana pakati pevanhu vanogara neHIV kune vashoma kusvika 250 000 kusvika 2015. Kunyange zvazvo TB ichiri chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzerwa nekufa kwevanhu vanoita mari yakawanda, kufambira mberi kwakasimba kwakaonekwa mune chinonyanya kutaurwa chinoreva, ne17 kubva kune 44 kuburitsa kudarika 50% kunoderedza rufu kubva muna 2013.
Kakawanda, kwakave nekuderedzwa kwe 38% muhutano hwehutachiona hweHIV, hunosimbiswa nehutachiona hwechirwere chekuwedzera, kuwedzera kutapukirwa kweutachiona, uye kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemishonga yeprophylactic yekudzivirira utachiona muvanhu vanotambura.
Kuwedzera kwekuwana kweAIDS kwakabatsirawo kuwedzera kuderera, kunyanya nekushandiswa kwe "zvakananga kuongororwa" (DOT) munyika dzakawanda dzakapararira. Iyo nzira, iyo mishonga yeTB inopiwa zuva nezuva nevakadzidziswa kuomerera vatariri, yakaguma nekunaka 85% kurapwa kwechirwere mune zvimwe zvakaoma zvikuru zvikamu.
Pasinei neizvi, kune matambudziko akawanda anodzivisa kufambira mberi. Nhasi, zvinodarika chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu zvemafupa ekurapa TB hazvipi kupa DOT, kunyange zvazvo mamiriyoni akawanda emishonga inopesana neutachiona hweHIV isingawaniki kana kuti inobatwa maererano nemitemo yakatemwa ye WHO. Kunyanya pamusoro penyaya ndeyokuti, kune dzimwe nyika dzine huwandu hwakakosha hweHIV / TB, chete Kenya neMalawi dziri kupa ART kune zvinopfuura 50% zvezviitiko. Kufambira mberi kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti kuve nekugadziriswa kwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana mukati mematunhu aya.
Sources:
United Nations Development Programme. "Kurwisa HIV / AIDS, Malaria uye Zvimwe Zvirwere." MDGmonitor. New York, New York.
Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). "South Africa National Prevalence HIV, Kutevedzera uye Maitiro Ekuongorora, 2012." Pretoria, South Africa; yakabudiswa musi waApril 1, 2014.
Sangano reUnited Nations pamusoro peHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Hurukuro inofambira mberi ya2013 pamusoro peGurongwa Rwenyika Yose." Geneva, Switzerland; yakabudiswa muna June 2013.
Sangano reUnited Nations pamusoro peHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "UNAIDS inorondedzera kuderedzwa kwema 52% mune hutachiwana hutachiona hweHIV pakati pevana uye kuwirirana 33% kwevanhu vakuru nevana kubva muna 2001." Geneva, Switzerland; nyaya yekubudiswa yakabudiswa musi waSeptember 23, 2013.
World Health Organization (WHO). "Akabatanidza mazano pamusoro pekushandisa ma antiretroviral madhiragi ekurapa nekudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV." Geneva, Switzerland; yakabudiswa naJune 30, 2013.
Sangano reUnited Nations pamusoro peHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Kuchengetedzwa kweSouth Africa pakutsvakwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kukura kuwanika kurapa kwevanhu vanogara neHIV." Geneva, Switzerland; gwaro rehurukuro rakabudiswa musi waNovember 30, 2012.
Friedan, T. naSbarbaro, J. "Kukurudzira kubatisisa kurapwa kwechirwere chetachiona: kukosha kwokucherechedza zvakananga." Bulletin kuWorld Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland; May 2007; 85 (5) 325-420.