Chirongwa cheViral Hepatitis
Apo patinotaura nezvehepatitis, isu kazhinji tinotaura nezvehutachiona hwechirwere ichi. Izwi rokuti hepatitis, netsanangudzo, inongova kuputika kwechiropa chinogona kukonzerwa nenhamba ipi zvayo yemamiriro ezvinhu, kusanganisira kukanganisa kwomuviri wakananga, kusvibiswa kwemakemikari uye chepfu, bhakitiriya kana zvirwere zvepasimini, uye chirwere chemoto.
Viral hepatitis ndiyo inonyanya kurudzika yehepatitis munyika, inokonzerwa nemavhirwere akasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe iyo inofanana nenzira iyo asi ine zvigaro zvayo pachayo.
Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Maitiro ekutumira (kuti hutachiona hunopararira sei)
- Pathogenesis (kuti chirwere ichi chinowedzera sei)
- Symptomatology (chii uye kana zviratidzo zvinowanzooneka)
- Matengo ekurwara (kurwara) uye kufa (rufu)
Kune zviya zvishanu zvinowanzosiyana zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunenge huchibva kune hepatitis A kuburikidza neE-iyo inoparidzirwa pasi rose kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Mamwe mazita maviri mazita (hepatitis F neGG) akave akarongerwa seanokwanisa kuita, kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti vachiri kukakavadzana nekuvapo kwavo.
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Ndeipi Nzira Dzakasiyana-siyana dzaungatora Hepatitis B?
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Aya Matambudziko Eziso Anogona Kukonzerwa neHepatitis B
Nepo kune mamwe mavharusi anogona kukonzera kuputika kwechiropa (kusanganisira Epstein Barr virus uye mamwe mamapirisa ehepe simplex), hepatitis A kuburikidza neE ndiyo mhando dzatinowanzotaridzira sechikonzero chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachipatara.
Muhutano, hepatitis A kusvika E ye nhoroondo yevakafa vanenge mamiriyoni 1.3 pagore. Pakati idzi, hepatitis B neC dzinofungidzirwa kuti dziri munyika yose yakawanda, uye zvirwere zvakawanda nekufa gore negore kune HIV, TB uye marariya pamwe chete.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A inokonzerwa nehutachiona hweH hepatitis A (HAV) uye inowanzopararira nekugadzira nyuchi dzine utachiona hweHIV-kana kuburikidza nemvura kana kusvibiswa kwezvokudya kana kubva kumunhu kusvika kune munhu ( kusanganisira munguva yepabonde ).
Pasi-yakabika shellfish ndiyo inowanzopa zvirwere zvinotapurirana.
Nguva iri pakati pehutachiona uye kuratidzika kwezviratidzo kune mavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vasingazovi nezviratidzo zvachose. Kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa, dzinowanzogara kwemavhiki masere pamusana pakati uye dzinogona kusanganisira zviratidzo zvakadai se:
- Nausea
- Kudzora
- Diarrhea
- Fever
- Marwadzo emudumbu
- Kuneta zvakanyanya
- Yellowing yeganda nemaziso ( jaundice )
- Kusviba kwemuti
- Pale, denga-mavara zvigaro
Hapana hutano hwakanakira hupatitis A sezviratidzo zvinowanzogadzirisa pachavo pachavo. Kana kamwe uine utachiona, munhu anenge asina zvirwere zvehupenyu. Rufu runofungidzirwa rusingazivikanwi, kunyange vamwe vanhu vakwegura vangave vari mungozi yakawanda yekushaya chiropa kwekushaya simba (kazhinji avo vane chirwere chepachiropa chisati chavapo).
Chirwere cheHIV chinowanika-chinowanikwa nejojo pane zvidzidzo zviviri-izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kurwisana nematambudziko kwemakore gumi nemashanu kana kupfuura.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B inokonzerwa nehutachiona hweH hepatitis B (HBV) uye inonyanya kupararira nehutachiwana hwehutachiwana kana muviri wemvura kana kupfuudzwa kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura.
Kushandisa zvinodhaka kushandiswa kwepabonde uye zvepabonde inzira dzakawanda dzekutumira.
Hepatitis B inogona kupa nezviratidzo zvakaoma (kuzvizvidzivirira) panguva yekutanga yehutachiona, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vasina zviratidzo zvachose. Zviratidzo izvi zvepakutanga zvakafanana kune zve hepatitis A uye zvinowanzoonekwa mumazuva makumi matatu kusvika makumi masere ekuzarura.
Kana imwe nguva zviratidzo zvakakomba zvagadziriswa, hutachiona hunogona kuramba huripo kwemakore akawanda panguva isingaperi (yakagara kwenguva refu) yechirwere chetachiona. Ndiyo panguva iyi iyo kuramba ichiputika kunogona kutungamirira kuchinja mukati mechiropa izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinokuvadza kuvakwa kwechirongwa pachako.
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vacharamba vachiita zvirwere panguva isingaperi, chirwere chinogona kufambira mberi chinyararire pamusoro pemakore emamwe mune vamwe. Kuparara kwechiropa (fibrosis) kunogona kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma makore gumi kusvika pamakore makumi maviri, zvichizoita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu anonzi cirrhosis umo chiropa hachikwanise kushanda. Chiremera chechiropa uye kenza yeshuga zvose zvinetso zvinobatanidzwa neHBV inotapukirwa.
Nepo huzhinji hwevanhu vane hepatitis B huchanyatsojekesa hutachiona mushure mekunge utachiona, avo vane chirwere chisingaperi chingave kurapwa kuti vaderedze njodzi ye-cirrhosis nekenza. Parizvino, pane zvinomwe zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa zvekushandisa muHBV therapy. Uye kunyange zvazvo madhiragi asingagoni kujekesa utachiona iwoyo, anokwanisa kunyatsodzivirira kudzokorora kwehutachiwana, nokudaro kuderedza chiropa chokuputika.
Chirwere cheHBV chinowanikawo-icho chinopiwa nejection pane zvidzidzo zvitatu-uyewo mushonga unobatanidza unogona kudzivirira zvose hepatitis A naB.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C inokonzerwa nehutachiona hweH hepatitis C (HCV) uye inopararira zvikurukuru kuburikidza nekushandisa injecting drugs. Kudengenyeka kubva kuna amai kusvika kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura kwakajairikawo sekutapurirana kwepabonde kwehutachiona (kunyanya pakati pevarume kana varume vanoita zvepabonde vanotapukirwa neHIV ).
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisina kusimba dzenyika, hepatitis C inowanzoparidzirwa kuburikidza nemajekiseni asina kushandiswa uye maitiro ezvokurapa, uye kunyange mumattoo kana kuveura misoro apo zvigadzirwa zvakasvibiswa nerimwe ropa rababa.
Kufanana nehepatitis B, hepatitis C inogona kupa zviratidzo zvakakomba munguva yekutanga yehutachiona, kazhinji masvondo matanhatu kusvika masere mushure mokunge maona. Vazhinji vanozojekesa hutachiona mukati memazuva makumi matanhatu, kazhinji vasina zviratidzo (kana kunyange kuziva) kwehutachiona.
Mune avo vasingakwanisi kuwana ruzivo, anenge gumi kusvika ku15 kubva muzana achaenderera mberi kusvika ku-cirrhosis mukati memakore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu. Pakati idzi, 20 kusvika ku25 muzana ichava nechiitiko chakakonzerwa nechirwere chepirhosis (umo chiropa hachikwanisi kushanda) kana kenza yeropa, iyo yose inotakura zvinopfuura 50 muzana yengozi yekufa.
Kubudiswa kwevashandi vatsva -maitiro anonyatsotarisa (DAAs) kwakagadzirisa zvikuru zviitiko zvevanhu vane hutachiwana hutachiona hweHCV, nemimwe mishonga inofanirwa kurapa zvirwere zvinopfuura 95 muzana (kunyange kune avo vane cirrhosis yakakura).
Maererano neWorld Health Organization (WHO), inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 300 vanotapukirwa neHCV munyika yose, zvichiita kuti vanhu vanenge 700 000 vafa kubva kune chirwere chetrhosis uye chiropa chegore gore negore. Parizvino hapana mushonga wokudzivirira hutachiona hweH hepatitis C.
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D inokonzerwa nehutachiona hweH hepatitis D (HDV) uye inongogona kukonzera zvirwere kana ichibatana nehosha ye hepatitis B (HBV). Nzira yekufambisa nayo, saka, yakafanana neHBV sezvinove zviratidzo uye chirwere chacho pachavo, kunyange zvakadaro zvakanyanya kwazvo.
Kutaura zvazviri, munhu ane hutachiwana neHBV neHDV ane kengozi yakakura yokuva nechiropa kukundikana panguva yakaoma yehutachiona, nekukurumidza kufambira mberi kune chirwere chetachiona panguva isingaperi. Mahara yekenza yeropa yakanyanyiswawo.
Somugumisiro, hutachiona hweHBV / HDV hunozivikanwa kuti hune huwandu hwekufa kwehutachiona hwemarudzi ose. Pano pane zvishoma zvisarudzo zvekurapa zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinobudirira mukudzora utachiona hwaHepatitis D. Zvisinei, kuvharwa kweHBV kunogona kudzivirira kushaya hepatitis D sezvo utachiona hunoenderana zvachose ne hepatitis B kuti iitezve.
Kunyange zvazvo hepatitis D inofungidzirwa ishoma muUnited States, inozivikanwa kuti inoparadzirwa zvikuru muWest Africa, South America, Central America, Russia, Central Asia, Pacific Islands, uye Mediterranean.
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E inokonzerwa nehutachiona hweH hepatitis E (HEV) uye, kufanana neHepatitis A, inowanzoparadzirwa kuburikidza nefecal-oral path . Ivhareji nguva pakati pehutachiona uye kuratidzika kwezviratidzo kune mavhiki matatu kusvika matanhatu, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vasingazovi nezviratidzo zvachose. Kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa, zvichave zvakafanana neyechipatara A uye zvinopera kwemavhiki masere.
Kudzoka kubva kuzviratidzo zvinotungamirira kuhutachiona hwehutachiona mukati mevose vane utachiona. Pakati pevashomanana vanofambira kuhutachiona hwehutachiona, zvirwere zvinowanzosara kune avo vane maitiro ekudzivirira zvirwere (zvakadai sevanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV kana nhengo dzechirwere). Vakadzi vane pamuviri vanewo mungozi yakawanda yekushaya chiropa kusakundikana, kazhinji munguva yechitatu yemamiriyoni ekuzvitakura.
Kushandiswa kwechirwere ribavirin kwave kuchiratidzwa kuti zviwane hutachiona hwehutachiona munzvimbo inenge 65 kubva muzana yevanhu vasingazivikanwi vane utachiona. Kusiyana nehepatitis A, zvisinei, hapana chirwere chehepatitis E. Chichionekwa chisingawaniki muU.S., hepatitis E inowanzoparadzirwa muCentral Asia, kunyange zvazvo kuputika kwave kuchionekwa muCentral America, Sub-Saharan Africa, uye Middle East.
> Sources:
> World Health Organization (WHO). "Chii chinonzi hepatitis?" Geneva, Switzerland; online Q & A yakaongorora July 2016.
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Viral Hepatitis" Atlanta, Georgia; August 14, 2016.
> American Association for the Study of Chiver Disease (AASLD). "Kuongororwa Kwepasi rose uye Munharaunda Kutakura Kwechiropa Zvirwere." Washington, DC; chishumo chakabudiswa musi waNovember 3, 2013.
> American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) uye Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). "HCV Nhungamiro: Zvirongwa zvekuedza, Kutarisira, nekurapa Hepatitis C." Yakaperedzwa July 6, 2016.