Nzira yekuchengetedza sei kubva muhutachiona
Madonheji emishu akaoma. Kana iwe uchigara kune dzimwe nzvimbo (kufanana neZasi-kumaodzanyemba kweU.S.) zvinogona kuva zvinopfuura zvakakura. Zvinogona kutungamirira kune utachiona hunotyisa hunonzi hantavirus. Iyi utachiona inoparadzirwa nemakonzo, kunyanya kudonha kwavo. Uye kunyange kutapukirwa nehutachiona kunogona kunge kwakakomba, unogona kutora matanho mashomanana matsva kuderedza dambudziko rako.
Chii Chinonzi Hantavirus?
Ive utachiona hunogona, huri mumamiriro ayo akaipa, hunoita kuti zviome kufema.
Inogona kufambira mberi mune chirwere chinonzi hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Hantaviruses inhengo yemhuri yebunyavirus yezvirusi. Mamwe mavirusi emhuri iyi anoparadzirwa neArthropods (sezvipembenene) kunze kwehantaviruses. Izvi ndizvo maRIV.
Vanhu vazhinji vanowana hantavirus vaneta, vane fivha, uye vane ruzivo rwemasumbu aches. Mishonga inonyanya kunyanya ndeye miviri yakakura, kusanganisira mahudyu, chiuno, shure, uye dzimwe nguva mafudzi.
Vamwe vanorwara vanogonawo kunzwa misoro, chills, uye chiruma, pamwe nekunyunyuta, kurutsa, chirwere, uye / kana kurwadziwa kwepamuviri. Inenge hafu iyo inoramba ichirwara ine zviratidzo izvi.
Vamwe vanoramba vachiwedzera zviratidzo zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoitika mazuva anenge 4 kusvika ku10 mushure mokutanga zviratidzo. Zviratidzo zvakakomba zvinosanganisira kunetseka kufema nekukanganiswa. Panguva ino, mapapu anogona kuzadza nemvura inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti varwere vafemere.
Zvichida zvinotora vhiki imwechete kusvika masere kubva pakuratidzirwa kumakonzo (kana kuti droppings) kurwara.
Vanhu Vangani Vanobatwa neHantavirus?
Paya avo vanovaka Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, vanenge 3 kusvika ku4 muvanhu 10 vanofa (ndiyo 36 kusvika 38 muzana yevanhu).
Zvisinei, kwete vanhu vazhinji vakagadzira HPS.
Iyo chirwere chisingawanzoitiki. Kubva muna 1993 kusvika pakutanga kwe2016, pane zvingangove zviitiko makumi matanhatu nezvitanhatu zvakatorwa muU.S. Before 1993, chirwere chacho chakanga chisingazivikanwi zvakajeka (kunyange mamiriro ezvinhu akaonekwa retrospectively, anounza kukwana kusvika 690).
Iwe Unowana Sei Hantavirus?
Iwe unowana hantavirus kubva kumakonzo. Mice nemakumbo ane chirwere hazvirwere. Vanogona kukanganisa nekudurura hutachiona kuburikidza nemuviri wavo uye madonping. Utachiona hunogonawo kupararira kuburikidza nemapanga avo, zvinoreva chero chavanenge vachichera kuti chikafu kana chikafu chinogona kutakura utachiona. Mumamiriro ezvinhu, hutachiona hunogona kugara kwemazuva mashomanana mukuoma madonhi, urini, uye saliva.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzatinogona kuuya nadzo pakusangana nemakumbo emadonho, urini, uye sali vasingazivi. Kubudisa pachena kunogona kuva:
- Mhepo: urini, madonhi, saliva particles zvakakandwa mumhepo
- Kutaurirana zvakananga: kubata muto, madonp, saliva
- Chirume kubva kumushonga une utachiona kana kamu
Izvi zvinogona kubva pakuchenesa nzvimbo yekuchengetedza iyo mitezo kana rats akaita dendere kubva mumagazini. Inogona kubva pakufamba munzvimbo uye kudzika musasa mune imwe nzvimbo yakazara. Inogona kubva pakuchenesa mubhedha, uko mbeve dzakakandwa mumakatikiti. Inogona kubva pakukurumidza uye kutumira madonhi uye mamwe mazamu mumhepo, iyo inogona kufema.
Inogonawo kubva pakuchenesa kunze kweimba yezhizha mushure memazuva mazhinji echando, apo padziva chete dziri mukati mazvo nguva iyoyo.
Mune mamwe mazwi, pane dzakawanda, nzira dzakawanda dzekusangana nadzo nezvigadzirwa zvezvinhu zvakasvibiswa nemakwenzi ane utachiona, kana makonzo ane HIV.
Ndeipi Hantavirus Iripi?
Nenzira yakanaka, nzvimbo dzakawanda hadzina mitezo kana zvirwere. Hantavirus inowanzowanikwa yakave iri mu Four Corners nzvimbo yeUnited States. Izvi zvinosanganisira Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, uye Utah, pamwe chete neNavajo neHopi marudzi munzvimbo iyi.
Zviitiko zvakanyanya zvakaitika kune dzimwe nyika dziri pedyo: California (kusanganisira Yosemite National Park), Washington, Texas, Montana, Idaho, Kansas, South Dakota, North Dakota, uye Oregon.
Virusi Inoenderana neHantavirus
Pakave nezviitiko zvehantaviruses yakafanana kune dzimwe nyika dzeUnited States. MuLouisana, kune chirwere cheBayou chinotakurwa nemupunga werimi. MuFlorida, pane Black Creek Canal virus. MuNew York, pakanga pane nyaya yehutachiona yava kunzi chirwere cheNew York-1. Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemavhairusi aya akafanana haasi nguva dzose zvakafanana, asi pane zvakafanana.
Vamwe vave vachirwara neHantaviruses inonzi Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Paraguay, uye Uraguay.
Kune dzimwe dzakawanda dzinosangana nehana hantaviruses muEurope neAsia dzinokonzera kushungurudza, asi kurwara kwakasiyana-siyana: hemorrhagic fever ne renal syndrome (HFRS). Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nehutachiona hwePuumala (PUUV) inowanikwa zvikuru muFinland neSweden, pamwe nemasango eBelgium, Germany, neNetherlands uye akapararira kuburikidza nemhepo. Inogonawo kukonzerwa nehutachiona hweTula (TULV), Hantaan virusi (HTNV), uye virus yeSeoul (SEOV).
Ndeapi Madhidhi Ane Ngozi?
Kunyange mumatunhu uye nyika uko kune Hantavirus, kwete dzose mice nemakonzo zvicharwereka. Mamwe mhando dzeshiri dzinogona kutakura Hantavirus uye mamwe majekiseni anenge akanangana nemakwenzi. Aya majee anowanzowanikwa munzvimbo dzakangoita.
Kune marudzi akasiyana emakonzo nemakonzo anogona kuparadzira chirwere. Kusiyana makarangi akapararira zvakasiyana siyana zvinokonzera hantavirus.
- Iyo nhengo yemarara inogona kuparadzira chirwere (Sin Nombre SNV dambudziko). Vanorarama mumatanda muNorth America, asi vanogona kunge vari munzvimbo dzerenje uye mumisha nemaguta.
- Ikoko yekotoni inogona kuparadzira hutachiona (kuoma Black Creek Canal virus BCCV). Vanogara kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweU.S. uye kuCentral neSouth America. Vanorarama mukudarika (shrubs uye uswa hurefu). Vanogonawo kuzviita mumaguta kana mamiriro acho akanaka.
- Mucheka mutsvuku ipfundo duku rinoparadzira imwe dambudziko rinonzi Bayou virus. Icho chiriwo kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweU.S. uye Central America. Inogara munzvimbo dzenyika uye inogona kushambira.
- Mushonga wechena-mutsvuku unotarisa zvakafanana nehombodo, asi unotakura chirwere chakasiyana (New York virus NYV). Icho chiri kumabvazuva kweU.S., kubva kumaodzanyemba kweNew England kusvika kuMid-Atlantic states (NY uye NJ) kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Inogonawo kuwanikwa muMidwest uye neWest of the US, uyewo muMexico. Inorarama nenzira inowanikwa mumatanda kana mumatunhu asi inogona kurarama kune dzimwe nzvimbo zvakare.
Iko kune dzimwe mhando uye makonzo anotakura Hantavirus anogona kutungamirira kuHPS asi haana kuwanikwa. Pane zvimwe zvirwere zvinotakura mavhairusi akafanana anoita kuti imwe Hantavirus zvirwere: HFRS (hemorrhagic fever ne renal syndrome).
Unochengetedza Sei?
Kunyange zvazvo kune nzira dzakawanda dzekutura pachena, yeuka kuti hantavirus haigoni. Uyezve, kune matanho akawanda aungatora kuti ugare wakachengeteka.
Zvinhu zvokutanga kutanga, dzivisa mapurisa, madonhi, urini, uye chero zvingave zvakatsvaga kana kudyiwa. Uyewo, chengetedza nzvimbo dzavangave: dzinodzingwa makamuri, makamuri ekuchengetedza asina kushandiswa, nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzakasvibiswa, mabheji, kana dzimwe nzvimbo. Chengetedza zvokudya mukati memidziyo ye-rodent-proof kana mufiriji kana firiji. Ita chokwadi chekuisa chisimbiso kune chero mapofu mumadziro kana pasi pano apo rodent inogona kupinda.
Mune mamwe mazwi, ingoita kuti zvive nyore kumiti kana rats kuti upinde mauri uye uite kuti zvive zvisingadi kuti vangada kugara. Izvi zvinonyatsoitika kune kwaunopinda musasa uye kwaunoshanda.
Chechipiri, chenjerera kuti unochenesa sei, kana magadziri angave aripo. Misimboti yekutanga inosanganisira:
- Usatsvaira, usingaiti, kana kuti yakanyanya-kusvitsa madonhwe emvura, urini, dendere, kana zvimwe zvingangodaro zvakasvibiswa. Izvi zvinogona kukanda zvinhu zvakasvibiswa mumhepo zvinogona kufema mukati.
- Dzivisa kuchenesa chinhu chiri mumba, kana zvichibvira. Zviri nani kuchenesa midziyo kana chimwe chinhu kunze. Chiedza chezuva reVV uye mweya mutsva kunogona kuderedza ngozi yako yehutachiona.
- Zvakakosha kuti madonhi, urini, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvive zvakanyoroveswa neine disinfectant sechlorine solution kana Lysol.
- Kushandisa rubha, latex, vinyl, kana nitrile gasi uye kushambidza maoko ako nesipo nemvura kunogona kukubatsira zvakanyanya iwe unodzivirira.
Vakawanda avo vanorwara vanenge vaine ruzivo rwekambani kana mapepa emvura, asi havasi vose vaiziva kuti vari kuuya kusangana nemakonzo kana madonhi avo. Ngwarira kana iwe uri mune imwe nzvimbo inogona kunge ine mhando kana madonhi. Kana iwe uchigona kuiswa pachena kune zvigadzirwa zvinotapukira, unofanira kutevera mazano anopiwa neCDC muU.S. , hurumende yeCanada, uye neuto reUnited States .
Unogona Here Kuwana Hantavirus Kubva Kune Mumwe Munhu?
Kudengenyeka kweHantavirus hakuna kuonekwa kuitika kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune imwe muUnited States . Hantavirus yakabatana, iyo Andes Hantavirus, yakaratidzwa kupararira kuvashandi vehutano muChile neArgentina, asi kazhinji.
Hantavirus Inoitwa Sei?
Varwere vanowanzobatwa pasina kuziva chirwere chavanazvo pakutanga. Ikoko kunogona kunge kunonoka pakuongororwa, kunyanya kana isingarangarirwi. Varwere vanogona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kune dzimwe zvirwere, sezvinoita leptospirosis, izvo zvinogona kukonzera chirwere chakafanana uye zvinopararirawo nemakonzo. Hantavirus, zvisinei, ihutachiona uye haipinduri nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Unoziva Sei Kana Une Hantavirus?
Vashandi vezvokurapa munzvimbo dzakakanganisika vangafungidzira Hantavirus kana mumwe munhu ane zviratidzo nezviratidzo. Varwere vanotambura vanowanzova nefivha uye zvinetso zvese zvinokonzerwa nekufema. Vangave vangave vane fever, chills, muscle aches, musoro, uye GI kutsamwa. Chirwere ichi chinokura nokukurumidza; mumwe mukomana ane hutano angada inokisijeni mukati memazuva maviri ekutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba. Chirwere chacho chinogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru emapapu anoda okisijeni uye anogona kuonekwa kuti anobata zvose mapapu pa X-Ray (kana pakuongorora).
Marabhu angaratidza "kumira kwemhepo" (kubuda mumasero matsvuku eropa, zvakasiyana neanemia , izvo zvinogona kuitika kana mumwe munhu achinaya mvura). Mabhii angaratidzawo kuchena kwakawanda (neutrophils) uye pasi platelets ( thrombocytopenia ). kuparadzanisa hutachiona hwevamwe kune vanachiremba.
Iyo chirwere, kana ichifungidzirwa, chinogona kusimbiswa neongororo ye laboratory. Iko kune maitiro anonzi antibody (IgM kana kubuda kweGig titers) uye kuongorora kwePCR. Kuyera kwebasa hakuwanzo kuwanika pane zvipatara zvakawanda. Iko inofanira kutumirwa kune reteratori rinotaura.
The History of Hantavirus
Muna 1993, kuputika kwehutachiona kwakazozivikanwa se "Sin Number" ("pasina zita") kamwechete kwakashamisika vagari uye vashandi vehutano muSouthwest yeUnited Young vanhu vane hutano hwakanaka vakangoerekana vava kurwara, vasingakwanisi kufema, uye hapana kuongorora kunogona kuva akawanikwa.
Kubva munaEpril kusvika Mei 1993, maiva nematambudziko makumi maviri nemaviri akaonekwa. Vane gumi nevaviri vevanhu ava vakafa.
Pakupedzisira, kuongororwa kwakagadzirwa uye kwakawanikwa kuti kwakagadzirwa nehutachiona hunonzi hantavirus. Dzimwe mhando dzeHantaviruses dzakanga dzave dzichionekwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai seKorea, zvisati zvaitika, asi iyi yakanga iri mhando itsva (Sin Nombre Virus) mumudzimai unozivikanwa wehantaviruses. Iyo syndrome yakazozivikanwa sehantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
Zvinofadza kuti hutachiona hwaisati huri hutsva. Yakanga iri nguva yokutanga yehutano hukuru hwaiziva chirwere ichi. Kutarisa shure kumashure akare munharaunda yacho yakawana kuti kune vanhu vakanga vafa vasingazivi kuti vakanga vaine Hantavirus. Nyaya yekutanga yekutaridzirwa kwakaonekwa nekuedzwa kwakaitwa samples yakabva muna 1959 mune murume wemakore makumi matatu nemasere anobva kuUtah.
Kunyangwe kuzivikanwa kwokutanga kwechirwere kunobva kuNavajos mu Four Corner Region. Navajo mararamiro emitemo akacherechedza chirwere chakafanana chakabatanidzwa nemakonzo, zviri pachena kwemakore akawanda zvisati zvaitika.
Zvichinyorwa, kuputika uku kwakaitika nokuti paive nemamwe mice. Izvi zvaiva nezvakawanda zvokuita nemamiriro ekunze. Pakanga paine kuoma kwemakore akawanda. Miseve nezvikara zvavo zvakadonha nhamba. Heavy snow uye mvura yakauya. Nyove dzakawedzera muhuwandu uye dzimwe mutsva dzakasangana nevanhu.
Uyezve, muzhizha nekuputsika kwe2012, matambudziko gumi akatsigirwa mune avo vakanga vachangoshanyira Yosemite Park.
> Sources:
> Castillo C. Kuwanda kweAnodebodies kusvika kuHantavirus Pakati peMhuri uye Utano Hushandi Vanosangana nevanhu Vanonzi Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome: Kusina Uchapupu hweNosocomial Transmission yeAndes Virus kune Vashandi Vezvehutano muChile. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 70 (3): 302-4.
> CDC. Hantavirus. http://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/
> Wells RM, Young J, Williams RJ, et al. Hantavirus Transmission muUnited States. Kubva asina kukwana Dis. 1997; 3 (3): 361-5.