Meningitis iko kuputika kwemvura inenge yakakomberedza uropi uye musipinha. Inokonzera bvudzi, mitsipa yakaoma, uye fivhiri. Meningitis inogona kukonzera zvinetso zvakakomba, zvakadai sekugumburwa kana kurasikirwa kwekuziva. Meningitis inowanzokonzerwa nehutachiona kana hutachiona hwehutachiona.
Kutanga kuongororwa kwemainititis uye kuratidza kwakarurama kwechikonzero kunokosha nokuti kutarisa kwechirwere kunotungamirirwa nechiratidzo chakasimba uye chikonzero chechirwere chacho.
Meningitis, kunyanya bhakitiriya meningitis, haisi inowanzo, zvikurukuru semugumisiro wekuita maitiro ekudzivirira zvirwere zvinowanzokonzera zvirwere. ICDC inofungidzira kuti pane madzimai anokwana 4100 evanhu vane meningitis uye vakafa mazana mashanu muUnited States gore negore.
Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zve meningitis zvinogona kukura kwemaawa akawanda, kana zvinogona kukura kwemazuva mashoma. Meningitis inowanzoshamiswa kuvana, kunyange vanhu vakuru uye vechidiki vanogona kuwedzera meningitis zvakare.
Zviratidzo zve meningitis zvinosanganisira:
- Musoro wemusoro unokonzerwa ne-meningitis unogona kuva wakaoma. Mwoyo wakanyoro kana wakadzika musoro unogona kuva zviratidzo zvekutanga zvemainitisitis. Musoro wepamusoro unogona kuwedzerwa nekushushikana kuchiedza.
- Mutsipa wakaoma ndeye chiratidzo chinowanikwa chemainitisitis. Dzimwe nguva, vana vane mitsipa mikukutu vanogona kudzorera musoro kana kunyunyutira kurwadziwa pavanenge vachiedza kukotamisa musoro kuenda kuchipfuva.
- Mafivha anowedzera kune vanhu vazhinji vane meningitis, uye fevuru inogona kubva kubva kumagetsi akadzika-makera anenge 100.5 F kusvika kune-high-grade fever kupfuura 104 F.
- Kunyangadza uye kusagadzikana
- Kuneta kana kurara
- Nausea kana kurutsa
- Rush, iyo kazhinji isiri-blanching (haishanduki chena kana iwe uchifambisa pairi) inogona kuitika, kunyanya ne meningococcal meningitis.
- Kugumburwa
- Mamiriro emupfungwa anoshanduka, akadai sekuvhiringidzika, kunyengera, kuburitsa, mazano, kana kunyange coma
Zviratidzo muVana Vacheche
Muzvitsva uye nevana vaduku, zviratidzo zve meningitis zvinogona kuuya nokukurumidza, mukati memamiriro emaawa. I classic meningitis zviratidzo zvefivha, kuora musoro, uye kuomesera kwemutsipa zvingasavepo kana kuti zvakaoma kuona muvana vaduku zvikuru.
- Zviratidzo zvemainitisitis mucheche dzinosanganisira kukakavara, kuneta zvakanyanya, kuderedza kudya uye kunwa, nekurutsa.
- A bulging fontanel inogona kukura mucheche. Itainelini ndiyo nzvimbo yakaderera padhecheche remwana apo mapfupa asati avhara zvakadaro. Kana pane kuputika kwakapoteredza uropi, kupisa kwemvura kunogona kukonzera kuti nzvimbo iyi ive yakakwana kwazvo, panzvimbo yepamusoro, sezvinofanira kuva.
Zvinokonzera
Zvinonyanya kukonzera meningitis zvirwere zvinopararira, izvo zvinogona kupararira kuburikidza nekushandura kwemafupa okufema nekukanganiswa, kunyunyuta, kutsvoda kana kubata zvinhu zvakasvibiswa. Kune ma microorganisms akawanda akasiyana-siyana anogona kukonzera meningitis. Virusi, mabhakitiriya, uye fungi zvinogona kukonzera meningitis.
Viral Meningitis
Izwi rokuti aseptic meningitis rinotsanangura meningitis inokonzerwa nechimwe chinhu kunze kwebhakitiriya, uye inowanzoshandiswa kurondedzera utachiona hwemagetsi.
Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera meningitis zvinosanganisira:
- Ingoviruses ndiyo inowanzokonzera hutachiona hunokonzera meningitis. Majini anowanzogara mumugwagwa wezvokudya, uye vazhinji havaiti chirwere. Meningitis inokonzerwa ne enteroviruses inowanzosvika pakati paJune naOctober.
- Herpes viruses, kusanganisira chirwere chekudyapox
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Influenza virus
- Utachiona hweWest Nile hunopararira nekurumwa kwemumonyo uye hwakawanda pakati paAugust naOctober. Mukuwedzera kumararamiro e-meningitis, vanhu vane hutachiwana vanowanzova nekuputika uye glandira. Utachiona hweWest Nile hwave huri kuwanikwa mumatunhu makumi mana nemakumi mana uye hafu yevanhu vanoita kuti chirwere chacho chivewo chekuwedzera meningitis kana encephalitis.
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Bacterial Meningitis
Bhakterial meningitis inowedzera kuwedzera zvirwere zvakanyanya kune dzimwe mhando dze meningitis, ine mikana yakawanda yezvinetso zvemazuva mazhinji.
Izvozvo zvinokonzera kubhakitiriya chinokonzera meningitis zvinowanzosiyana nemakore.
Zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvebhakitiriya meningitis mucheche vaduku ndeizvi:
- E. coli
- Gulu reR streptococcus
- Listeria monocytogenes
Bhakitiriya yakawanda inokonzera meningitis muvana vaduku ndeyokuti:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonococcus) ndicho chinonyanya kukonzera bhakitiriya meningitis muvana.
- Neisseria meningitides (meninogococcus) ndiyo yechipiri inowanzokonzera meningitis muvana. Meningococcal meningitis inogona kubudisa zviratidzo zvemainitisitis pamwe nekapechial rash zvakanaka. Iko kusviba kunooneka sediki maduku mutsvuku asingashanduki pakuonekwa apo kuiswa kunoiswa paganda.
- Haemophilus influenzae rudzi rweB (Hib) raiva chikonzero chinowanzokonzera meningitis muvana kusvikira kuma1990, asi chirwere chacho hachina kujairika nekuda kwekudzivirira.
- Zvimwe zvinokonzera bhakitiriya meningitis zvinosanganisira chirwere cheRyme, syphilis, ehrlichiosis, leptospirosis, uye chifukidzo.
Zvishoma Zvishoma Zvinokonzera Zvikonzero zveMenningitis
- Zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzera fungal zvinokanganisa hutachiona hwehutano hwakafanana ne cryptococcal meningitis (inowanzoonekwa nevana vane AIDS.)
- Mimwe mishonga inogona kukonzera kuvhiringidza kwe meninges. Yakawanda ndeyepamusoro -the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) yakadai se ibuprofen. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inonzi trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, iyo inowanzoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvekuvhota, inogona kukonzera meningitis.
- Zvinhu zvisingaitiki zvinoratidzirwa nekuputika, zvakadai sezvirwere zvega autommune zvinogona kukonzera meningitis, kunyange zvisingawanzoitiki.
Kuziva
Kunyanya kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwemainititis kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko. Kazhinji, meningitis inogona kuongororwa ine nhoroondo uye kuongorora muviri. Asi, kazhinji, kusimbiswa kwemainititis uye kusarudzwa kwehutachiona hunotapukira kunokosha kuti zvive zvakakwana kurapwa.
- Kuongorora kwepanyama: Chiremba wako achaedza kuoma kwemutsipa uye shure. Chiratidzo chaKernig chinonzi chakanaka, uye chinotsigira kuongororwa kwe meningitis, kana kunorwadza kupfugama mabvi nejira rakanyatsogadziriswa. Chiratidzo cheBrudzinski chinonzi chakanaka, uye chinotsigira chirwere chinonzi meningitis, kana pasina kana kuti kushandura musoro uchienda kuchipfuva kunokonzera marwadzo uye kunoita kuti zviuno nemabvi zvichinje.
- Kufungidzira miedzo: Kufananidza miedzo yenheyo yepamusoro yenheyo, yakadai seuropi CT, brain MRI kana mutsara weMRI inogona kunyanya kubatsira pakuongorora meningitis. Iyi miedzo inogona kubvisa zvimwe zvinokonzera zviratidzo zvepfungwa. Vanokwanisa kazhinji kuziva kuvhiringidza kwemashoko. Uye, kazhinji uropi hweCCT kana huro hwepfungwa hweMRI hunodiwa kuti uone kana zvakachengeteka kuti uite runyararo.
- Kuputika kwemukoko: Kuvharwa kwechimbichimbi ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa sampuko ye cerebrospinal fluid kuitira kuti inogona kuongororwa pasi pe microscope uye kutumirwa tsika. Chimiro inzira inoshandiswa nehutachiona hwehutachiwana huri murabhu uye hunoonekwa. Iyo inonzi spere fluspinal spinal fluid inowanikwa apo nheyo inopindirwa mune imwe nzvimbo mumucheto wezasi apo mvura inowanikwa mumugero wemugero inowanikwa nyore nyore.
Kurapa
Maningitis chirwere chinoenderana nekuoma uye chinokonzera chirwere. Mushonga unogona kudiwa kuti uchengetedze zviratidzo, uye, kazhinji, mishonga inofanirwawo kurapa utachiona kana kuderedza kupisa.
Pain Medication
Pasinei nokuti chii chinokonzera meningitis, unogona kutora mishonga inorwadza, kuderedza misoro nemutsipa usina kunaka. Kazhinji, kupfuura-the-counter mishonga inoshanda kuti kuderedze kurwadziwa kunokonzerwa ne-meningitis.
Kupera kwefivha
Nokuti meningitis inowanzokonzera fivha, mishonga inodzora fivhiri inowanzodiwa.
Bacterial Meningitis
Bhakterial meningitis inogona kurapwa nehuwandu hwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Zvakakosha kuti kurapwa kunotanga kutanga kwechirwere chacho. Kurapa kwebhakitiriya meningitis kanowanzotanga nekubatanidzwa kwemaitiro emishonga yakakura emishonga yakawanda, iyo inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kubata zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutachiona. Kusarudzwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kuchinja kana kunyatsoongorora kuchiitwa. Kushushikana, iyo miedzo inosarudza mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya iyo mabhakitiriya chaiwo anonyanya kunetseka, uyewo anobatsira kurapa zvakananga.
Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakasarudzwa mukurapa vana vaduku ne meningitis inogona kusiyana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa kuvanhu vakuru, kunyanya nemhaka yokuti meningitis inokonzerwa nemaabhakitiriya akasiyana pakati pemakore akasiyana-siyana. Mumazuva ekutanga makumi mapfumbamwe eupenyu, chizvarwa chechitatu cephalosporin, pamwe chete ne ampicillin mumwedzi wokutanga, inowanzosarudzwa. Vana vakwegura nevana vanowanzobatwa nekubatanidzwa kwe cefotaxime kana ceftriazone pamwe nevancomycin kusvikira mhuka inotapukira yave ichionekwa.
Viral Meningitis
Ne viral meningitis, chinangwa chekurapa chinonyanya kutarisira kutsigira. Zvirwere zvepachirwere hazvipindi mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, uye hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakawanda hahupinduri kune mamwe maitiro antiviral. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunopindura mushonga unorapwa.
Steroids
Apo meningitis inokonzerwa nechirwere chekudzivirira muviri, sarcoidosis kana zvinodhaka, steroid inogona kushandiswa kuderedza kupisa.
Kudzivirira
Kune huwandu hwehutano hunogona kubatsira kudzivirira meningitis . Kunyange zvazvo maitiro aya asingakwanisi kubvisa zvachose kuchinja kwako kwekutapukisa ne meningitis, vanogona kuderedza zvakanyanya ngozi.
Utano
Kudzivisa zvirwere zvinowanzoita kunogona kuderedza mikana yako yekukura meningitis. Zvisikwa zvinotapukira zvinokonzera meningitis zvinopararira kubva kumunhu kusvika kune munhu kuburikidza nemadonhwe okufema. Kudzivisa kutapukisa ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira meningitis kuvanhu vemazera ose. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune vacheche vacheche, avo vangave vasina kuratidza zviratidzo zvemainiriteitis mangwanani, uye avo vanogona kutambura nematambudziko akawanda.
- Shamba maoko ako kakawanda, kunyanya kana uine hutachiona
- Usapindira zvinhu zvakachena zvakadai semabhuruku emazino
- Dhakanyira nzvimbo uye zvigaro zvepamusoro nguva dzose
- Dzivisa kuswedera pedyo kana kwenguva refu nevamwe vanogona kunge vane zvirwere
Vaccination
Pane zvirwere zvinogona kuderedza dambudziko rako rekushaya meningitis. Aya majekiseni haatadzi kudzivirira zvakananga kurwisa meningitis, asi vanochengetedza kubva kune hutachiona nekuda kwezvipenyu zvinogona kukonzera meningitis.
Mishonga inogona kukurudzirwa muhuduku. College freshman, kunyanya avo vanogara muzvivako vari pangozi yepamusoro ye meningococcal zvirwere, uye vanofanira kudzidziswa pamusoro pekuwanika kwekuchengetedza mishonga yakachengetedza uye yakagadzikana inogona kuderedza ngozi.
- Hib
- N. meningitidis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Mumps
- Herpes Zoster
- Meningococcal conjugate vaccine
Shoko Rinobva
Meningitis chirwere chinotyisa nokuti chinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akakomba. Zviratidzo zvinogona kuva zvinoshamisa uye zvinogona kufambira mberi nokukurumidza, asi dzimwe nguva, zviratidzo zvinogona kuva zvinyoro kana zvisinganzwisisiki, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti kunonoka kuongororwa. Kana ukakurumidza kurapwa, zviri nani kuti uwane mishonga yekurapa. Kurapa kwemainiritis ndiko nzira yakanakisisa yekuderedza zvinetso uye zvakashata zvinoguma zvehutachiona.
Kana iwe kana mwana wako ane meningitis, unogona kuve nehutachiona uye musoro kwemavhiki mashomanana mushure mokunge muwana. Kazhinji yenguva, meningitis inovandudza pasina nguva yakareba.
> Sources:
> Taj A, Jamil N. Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Biogenic Amines: Zvichida Biomarkers Nekutsvaga kweBacterial and Viral Meningitis. Pathogeni. 2018 Apr 13; 7 (2). pii: E39. doi: 10.3390 / pathogens7020039.
> Villena R, Safadi MAP, Valenzuela MT, Torres JP, Finn A, O'Ryan M. Global epidemiology ye serogroup B meningococcal zvirwere uye mikana yekudzivirira nezvinoverengeka zvinogadzirisa zvirwere zveprotini. Hum Vaccid Immunother. 2018 Apr 18: 1-50. doi: 10.1080 / 21645515.2018.1458175. [Epub mberi kwekunyora]