Chirwere chepabvu Tarisa-Alikes pamusoro Chekuongorora uye Mammogram
Vakawanda vedu takaziva mumwe munhu ane kenza yemazamu pasinei nemhuka yakakura. Pamusoro peflip, kune hutachiona (kwete nekenza) kushanduka kushanduka kunogona kuenzanisa kenza yemazamu zvakare. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekenza yepazamu zvinogona kukonzera kushungurudzika uye kushungurudzika kukuru. Ndeapi mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu angangodaro akanganisa nekenza yemazamu asi asiri kushaya simba?
Ngatitange nekutsvaga zvishoma nezviratidzo nezviratidzo zvekenza yepazamu pakuongorora uye pakuongorora zvidzidzo.
Mucherechedzo yeKenza yeBerechi
Zvechokwadi bhendi uye zvinouraya mazamu emapfupa dzimwe nguva zvinonzwa zvakafanana, asi pane zvimwe zviito izvo zvinojairika nekenza. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Chifuva chemuzamu chinonzwa chakasimba
- Chifuva chemazamu chakasimbiswa uye hachikwanisi kutenderera pasi peganda
- Rurefu uye kuzvimba (zviratidzo zvekenza yekuputika yepamuviri)
- Yakakura lymph nodes pasi pemaoko
Mammogram Kutsvaga neBrazil Cancer
Sezvo nekliniki yako yekuongorora, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kusiyanisa pakati pehutano hwehutachiwana mucheche uye nekenza yemazamu. Muzvinyorwa, dzimwe nguva izvi zvinogona kuitika zvachose (chinangwa chechikamu chino). Mammograms inofungidzirwa kuva 60 kusvika ku90 muzana, iyo inoreva kuti 60 kusvika kuzana 90 muzana yenguva kana kenza iripo, mammamiro achaiwana. Mammograms ane ruzivo rwe 93 muzana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti 93 muzana yenguva yacho, chimwe chinhu chinotarisa zvakasimba sekenza pane mammamiro chichava nekenza.
Icho chinoreva kuti 7 muzana yenguva iyo mammamiro anonyatsoratidza kenza, ichi chimwe chinhu.
Chimiro chemagumisiro chinoratidza kuti chirwere chinosanganisira mazamu calcifications , masasa ane maitiro asina kufanira, uye masero akawandisa (mashoma ane maitiro ematende anotambanudza kunze zvichibva mumukuru mukuru).
Nyanzvi dzezveRadiologist dzinopa mammogram nhamba inozivikanwa seChiratidzo Chokufananidzira Kwebonde uye Data System kana kuti BI-RADS . Munyika ino, mushumo wemammogram unopiwa nhamba pakati pe1 ne6 inotsanangura mukana wekenza. Nhamba ye1 inoreva kuti pane zviratidzo zvekenza uye zvinomwe zvinoreva kuti mammogram inonyanya kuratidza kenza (nhamba ye 6 inoreva kanza uye inopiwa chete mushure mekunyorwa kwebiopsy).
Nhamba yepamusoro yekuyeuka inowanikwa kubva pamakemikiramu ekucherechedza ndeye 9,8 muzana, zvinoreva 9,8 muzana yevakadzi vane mammogram (vasina zviratidzo zvacho) vanodanwa kuti vaite zvimwe zvidzidzo. Pakati pevakadzi ava, 12 muzana vachada biopsy yakaitwa. Pakati pezvinyorwa izvi, 60 muzana inenge iine simba. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyange kana iwe uine mammogram asina kukodzera, uye kunyange kana zvidzidzo zvekutevera zvichikurudzira iwe une biopsy yakaitwa, iwe uchiri kunyanya kuva nehutano hwakanaka kupfuura kenza.
Chibereko cheBrazil Chirwere Chirwere Chepabonde
Chirwere che ultrasound kuongororwa chinhu chinokosha pakuwedzera pakushandiswa pamwe chete nemammograms. Vanogona dzimwe nguva kusiyanisa cyst kubva kune yakasimba, uye kana cyst iripo iri inogona kuderedzwa pasi pekushandiswa kwechirongwa chekugadzirisa chinetso. Ultrasound inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nemammogram sechinhu chokuongorora chevakadzi vane mazamu akaoma, zvakare, asi vane zvinyorwa zvakakosha zvenhema.
Izvo zvinoreva kuti vane purogiramu yakareba yekuratidza kenza kunyange zvazvo kenza isipo.
Pachine ultrasound, zviratidzo zvinoratidza kenza zvinosanganisira kusagona kusimba kwakasimba, maitiro asina kukwana, uye "kusina kufanana."
Chibereko cheMRI Chiitiko NeBrazil Cancer
Breast MRIs inowanzochengeterwa vakadzi vane njodzi yakakwirira yekutarisa kenza yepazamu, vagara vaine kenza yepazamu, kana sekutsvakurudza kutevera kune zvisinganzwisisiki zvitsva pane mammogram, ultrasound, uye kuongorora. PaMRI, zvitsva zvinoratidza kenza yemazamu inosanganisira uwandu hwakaita mutsara wakavezwa, rim rinowedzera kumativi ose, kana kuti chii chinonzi "washout kinetics."
Chirwere chechifu uye Kanzer
Chifuva chechifu ndeyekuongorora kwakasimba kana kenza inofungidzirwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa sechidimbu chengano yechirwere chinoputika (inowanzochengeterwa mazamu cysts), nheyo yechipfuva yebasa, stereotactic breast biopsy , kana bhiopsy yekuvhiya yakashama. Kana zvikwereti zvepfungwa huru yebiopsy uye yekufungidzira zvisingabvumirano, chirwere chinoshandiswa (chakazaruka) chinonzi biopsy chinowanzotevera.
Bhiopsy inogonawo kuongorora rudzi rwekenza kana munhu aripo uye kuvapo kwe estrogen, progesterone, uye HER2 receptors. Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, kunyange kune vakadzi vane mammogram uye ultrasound zvinowanikwa zvinokonzera kenza, zvichiri kunyanya kuitika kuti biopsy ichave yakasimba.
Saka chii chinonzi mazamu mamiriro ekuenzanisa kenza yemazamu pane kuongorora kana kufungidzira zvingada kubhadhara? Kune dzakawanda isu tichatarisa pano. Mimwe yeiyi yakawanda kupfuura dzimwe, uye mamiriro ezvinhu pasi apa haana kunyorwa muchirongwa chekupararira.
Chirwere chepabonde Tarisa-Alikes
Zvingaita sokuti pane zvinofanira kunge zviri pachena kusiyana pakati pekenza uye kusina kenza kuchinja mumuviri wako, asi dzimwe nguva izvi zvinogona kunge zvakaoma. Kunyange zvazvo tine hanya zvikuru nezvekushayikwa kuonekwa kwekenza yemazamu, tichinyunyuta kuti kuchinja kusina kunaka kwekenza kunokonzera kushungurudzika kukuru uye kushungurudzika.
Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iwe uine chimiro chisinganzwisisiki sekuti chinogona kuve nekenza pamuedzo, kana chinoratidzika sekenza pane mammamiro, yeuka mupfungwa kuti inogona kunge iine hutano. Hazvisi kusvikira biopsy yapera uye masero anotarisa pasi pe microscope iyo vanachiremba vanogona kukuudza chokwadi. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana nekenza kuongorora kana kufungidzira zvakanyorwa pasi apa. Ngatitarise pane imwe neimwe yezvi zvishoma pedyo.
Fat Necrosis
Fat necrosis yezamu rinoreva kuti "mafuta akafa." Fat necrosis inokonzera kukanganisa kwechirwere chepachifu uye ine zvose zvinogona kunzwa uye kutarisa zvikuru sekenza pane mammogram. Inowanzotangira nekukuvadza kunamatwa kubva pangozi yemotokari kana kukuvara kwemitambo. Nzvimbo dze mafuta necrosis dzinowanzotora mishonga yekuvhiya yakadai sokuderedza mazamu, kuvakwa kwezamu, kana zviputi kana kuvhiyiwa kwekenza yemvere. Mishonga yekenza yemazamu inogonawo kukonzera mafuta necrosis, kuwedzera kunetseka pamusoro pekugona kudzokorora .
Izvi zvinowanzosangana zvakaoma uye dzimwe nguva zvinyoro. Ikoko kunogona kubudiswa kubva mukoti. Zvichida zvinotyisa zvezvose zvinowanzokonzera kugadzirwa kweganda kunoguma nekudzorera mutsara kana inversion; chiratidzo chinowanzozivikanwa chekenza yemazamu. Pamuviri, vanogona kuva nechimiro chisina kujeka nemuganhu we spikey uye microcalcifications. Chibereko chemafuta necrosis chinogona kuonekwa zvakare sekenza pane PET scan. Bhiopsy inogona kudiwa kuti iite kuti ione kusarudzwa.
Radial Scar
Mavara emhepo ndeyeredzi dzakagadzirirwa nyeredzi dzakawanda dzinowanzova dzakanaka asi dzinogona kunge dzisina kunaka . Mavara emhepo haabvumiri mazamu asi anokonzera kurwadziwa kwepamu . Pamammogram, mazaya makuru emarara anogona kuonekwa nyeredzi-yakafanana nemiganhu ye spikey. Hazviwanzozivikanwi uye zvinoitika kakawanda muvakadzi vari pakati pemakore makumi mana nemakumi matanhatu. Zvinogona kukonzerwa nokuputika, kuvhiyiwa kwepachipfuva, kana kushandiswa kwehomoni.
Bhiopsy inenge ichidiwa nguva dzose, asi kunyange pasi pe microscope mazhenje emvura anokwanisa kutevedzera kenza yemazamu, kunyanya tubular carcinoma yemazamu . Kuti kuyananise nyaya kunyanya, kune dzimwe nguva masero anouraya anovanza mukati mekutsva kwemaira.
Mastitis
Mastitis ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu umo kune kuvhiringidzika nekudzivirira kwemuzamu kana kuti kusina kuvapo kwehutachiona. Izvo zvinowanzoitika zvinokwira kusvika ku20 muzana yevana vanoyamwisa asi zvinogona kuitika kuvakadzi vasina kuyamwisa zvakare. Chifuva kazhinji kacho chikafu uye chine nyoro uye chinogona kuenzaniswa nezvirwere-zvakaita zviratidzo zvakadai sefivha, chill, uye muviri aches. Mushonga unowanzobatanidza mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, zororo, uye kutarisira kunwisa.
Dambudziko nderokuti chirwere chepachifu chinoputika chinogona kutarisa zvakadai se mastitis mangwanani, uye kazhinji inowanikwa mushure mekunge mukadzi aporerwa kutanga kwemastitis (kazhinji pasina kuwedzera kwezviratidzo). Kurwara kwekenza yepamuviri yepamusoro inokwana 1 muzana yemakondomu echepere uye vakadzi havawanzove nechingwa uye hazviwanzozviratidzi pamusana mamamamiro. Mukuenzanisa chirwere chepamuviri chepamuviri ne mastitis kune zvakawanda zvakafanana, kunyange nekenza yepamuviri yepamuviri inogona kunge yakanyunguduka mutsvuku uye kuonekwa kweearamondi kune ganda zvakare. Ne mastitis, iyo ndiyo yekuvaka masero emachena eropa uye kuwedzerwa kweropa kunokonzera izvo zvinoguma zviratidzo, asi nekenza yepamusoro yepamuviri, zviratidzo zvakabatana nekuvapo kwekenza masero anodzivirira lymphatic channels muzamu.
Granulomatous mastitis ndeyekusiyana kwemastitis kazhinji inokonzerwa nehurumatoid conditions, sarcoidosis, kana kuti tuberculosis. Inogonawo kuva idiopathic. Granulomatous mastitis inoguma nenguva refu yekuputika mukati mezamu uye inogona kutanga kuoma kusiyanisa nekenza yepamuviri yepamuviri pamusana mammogram, ultrasound, kana MRI.
Cooper's Ligament Fibrosis uye Mitsvuku
Miviri yeCoper ndiyo inotsigira zvikamu zvezamu, uye vanhu vakawanda vanoziva izvi semirairo yaunoda kuramba yakagadzikana sezvaunenge uine makore. Kutambanudza kwemigumisiro iyi pamusoro penguva iri kumashure kwekuti "Coop's droop" ichitaura nezve "vana" vezvifuva nezera.
Fibrosis of Cooper's ligaments inogona kuitika nekuda kwezvose zvose zvinosuruvarisa uye zvinosuruvarisa mazamu kuchinja. Iyi ndiyo imwe nzira iyo mishonga inokonzerwa nayo inoita kuti chigumbu chidzoke uye kuchinja mukati mekuonekwa kweganda. Asi zvirwere zvepabonde, zvakadai sokuputika, mafuta necrosis, uye zvipembenene zvinokanganisa zvinogonawo kukuvadza izvi zvinokonzera kuonekwa kwekenza yemazamu.
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis inonyanya kuratidzirwa inoratidzwa nekuumbwa kwegranulomas mumuviri wose. Kana iripo mumapapu, inowanzokonzera chifuva uye kupfupika kwemhepo, asi 50 muzana yevanhu havanzwisisi panguva yekuongorora.
Dambudziko re sarcoidosis nderokunyanya kunetseka kwevakadzi vakatove vaonekwa kuti vane kenza yepabonde pekutanga. Sarcoidosis granulomas inogona kuratidzika zvikuru semukenza wemasitaine paPET scan, uye kunyange sampuli ye biopsy inogona kuva yakaoma kuongorora. Somuenzaniso, granulomas uye metastase yekenza yemazamu inogona kutarisa zvakangofanana pane imwe node kana lymph node biopsy. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwenhema kwekenza yemukirini yakanaka kana kenza yemasasa mumunhu munhu ane chirwere chekutanga chetachiona-nast-negative.
Chirwere cheshuga Mastopathy
Chirwere cheshuga chekushungurudzika chirwere chinopisa chinogona kuwanika kuvakadzi (uye varume) nerudzi rwekutanga uye chirwere che 2 insulin-inokonzera chirwere cheshuga. Pamusoro pekuongorora, chirwere cheshuga chinotarisa chinoratidzika sechinhu chikuru, chisina kurwadza chifuva chinogona kutevedzera kenza yemvere. Inokonzerwa nekubatana kwekuputika uye dense fibrosis mumazamu.
Kufungidzira kuwanikwa kungave kusinganzwisisiki nekenza yemazamu mumammogram, ultrasound (apo inogona kutarisa kunyanya kuipa) uye MRI. Panyaya idzi zvidzidzo, mamiriro acho anoonekwa sevanhu vasina kurondedzerwa. Chinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa nenyuchi chinowanzodiwa kuti chiongororwe.
Fibromatosis
Breast fibromatosis, iyo inonziwo tumarara ye desmoid, inokwana anenge 0,2 muzana yevanhu vemazamu. Hazvizivi kuti chii chinokonzera chirwere ichi asi zvinoita sechimhanya mumhuri. Pamammogram uye ultrasound fibromatosis inogona kufanana nekuwana kenza yemazamu. Kuongororwa kazhinji kunowanikwa nechokuita nenyuchi bhiopsy.
Granular Cell Tumor
Granular cell tumorum, iyo inonziwo breast granular cell myoblastomas, inogona kuonekwa zvikuru sekenza yemazamu. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kuchena, inomuka kubva kumasero eSchwann, masero anowanikwa munheyo yekutya.
Izvi zvipembenene zvinowanzotadza kubvisa chivara cheganda uye kugadzirirwa kune fisi iri pasi pezamu. Izvi zvinoguma mune bundu rinoratidzika rakasimba, rakafanana nekenza yengamu. Inowanzova yakaoma kwazvo, yakafanana nekenza zvakare. Panofungidzira zvidzidzo zvakadai semamamigram zvakare anofanana nekenza. Vanowanzova nemiganhu yakanatsanangurwa asi nehupenzi hunofanirwa nekenza.
Avhareji yezera revanhu vane granular cell sepamuviri bundu ndiro 40, uye inowanikwa kune vakadzi nevakadzi.
Shandurai Muchengetedza Masejeri eMagetsi
Mazonda emvere ane zvigadziri masero inetso kumatunhu akawanda. Simba rejeri zvipembenene zvinogona kunzwa uye zvinotarisa zvisingaenzaniswi nekenza yemvere, asi izvi zvinogona kuonekwa zvakadai sekenza pasi pe microscope mushure mekunyanya kuitika. Mukuwedzera, zvose zviviri zvinokonzera bonde uye kenza zvinogona kuisa masero. Nenzira inofadza, kusungurudza masero emakumbo hazvishamisi, asi zvichiri kufanirwa kutaridzirwa mukusiyana kwekuenzaniswa kwemazamu emapfupa emakumbo.
Myofibroblastoma isingawanzoregi bundu rinonyanyisa bundu rinowira pasi peboka re spindle cell lesions. Zvinogona kuitika kune vakadzi nevakadzi uye zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kurapa.
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia (PASH)
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia kana PASH ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu anowanikwa kakawanda kuvakadzi vanenge vari nguva yekuenda kumwedzi uye yekare. Zvinoratidzika kuva zvakajairika kune avo vakatora mahomoni (zvakadai sokuberekwa kwepiritsi kana kuti hormone replacement therapy), avo vanoshandisa doro, uye avo vari kuwandisa. Izvi zvipembenene zvinoratidzika zvinowedzera kukura zvakanyanya, uye biopsy yakasununguka (pane kungova pfupi chete inonzi biopsy) inowanzodiwa kuti iongororwe.
Shoko Rinobva
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, kune vazhinji vane hutano hwakanaka hunogona kuenzanisa kenza yemazamu pakuongorora, kufungidzira, uye mune dzimwe nguva kunyange pasi pe microscope. Nekushayikwa kenza yemazamu ndizvo zvinotya vanhu vazhinji, nekukanganisa vachifunga kuti bundu kana kuchinja kune kenza kana zvisiri izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvakare. Mamiriro ezvinhu anotaridzika sekenza yemazamu anogona kutungamirira kune zvimwe zvidzidzo zvekufungidzira, zvinyorwa zvebiopsies, uye kunyange mararopi akazaruka, ose ayo anotora manzwiro ekurwadziwa.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chaunogona kuita kana ukawana chero chimiro chekusaziva, kana kunzwa kune imwe mumammogram yako, kubvunza mibvunzo yakawanda. Gara uri pachigaro chemufambisi uye tarisira mhinduro zvakare. Kuva iwe mupepeti wako unogona kufamba nenzira yakareba mukuwana zvose zvaunofanirwa nazvo nekudzivirira huwandu hwekurwadziwa kwepfungwa izvi zvinowanzoipa zvinowedzera muupenyu hwedu.
> Sources:
> Fazzio, R., Shah, S., Sandhu, N., naK. Glazebrook. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Kufananidzira Kudzokorora uye Kudzokorora. Insights Into In Imaging . 2016. 7 (4): 531-9.
> Kochoyan, T., Akhmedov, M., Shabanov, A., naI Terekhov. Sarcoidosis Kuenzanisa Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Case Report uye Nyaya Yokuongorora. Cancer Biology neMishonga . 2016. 13 (3): 396-398.
> Mario, J., Venkataraman, S., Dialani, V., naP. Slanetz. Mabhondi eBenign Anonzi Mimic Cancer: Kusarudza Radiologic-Pathologic Concordance. Applied Radiology . 2015. 44 (9): 28-32.