Kune vanhu vazhinji, zvinosuruvarisa, nyaya yevhisiyumu inotanga naAndrew Wakefield.
Vanhu vakawanda vanonzwisisa kuti pfungwa dzake dzenhema uye kutsvakurudza kunotsvaga zvinotya vanhu kubva pakupinza vana vavo, asi zvinogonawo kuita kuti vanhu vatende muhosha yevidism yakabatanidzwa nemishonga.
Vamwe vanhu vanopfuurira kusvika pakubvunza kuti vanhu vakuru vese varipi kana pasina chirwere chitsva cheAvism chakakonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekushandisa chirwere.
Nhoroondo ye Autism
Kana iwe ukatora nguva shomanana kuti unzwisise nhoroondo ye autism, zviri nyore kuona kuti kune vazhinji vevanhu vakuru vane autistic vakakomba uye kuti autism yave iri nguva yakareba.
Nhau chaiyo yevhisikiki inodzokera kumashure emakumi emakumi, kana zvisati zvemazana emakore. Nekudaro, Steve Silberman, mubhuku rake rinonzi NeuroTribes: The Legacy yeAustism uye Future of Neurodiversity , inosvika pakureva kuti "vanhu vevististic vakagara vari chikamu chevanhu."
Nhoroondo yezvino ye autism (yakanaka uye yakaipa ) inosanganisira:
- Oliver Sacks anonyora kuti Henry Cavendish, musayendisiti akaberekwa muna 1731, aiva nehupenyu hwakawanda "hunenge husina kuchena hweAsperger's syndrome." (1731/2001)
- Graham Farmelo, mubhuku rake rinonzi "The Strangest Man," anonyora kuti Paul Dirac, musayendisiti akaberekwa muna 1902, zvichida akanga asingazivi kuti autism. (1902/2011)
- Grunia Sukhareva, mwana wechiremba wepfungwa muKiev, Russia, anonyora pamusoro pevana vane maitiro e-autistic mune yesayenzi yepfungwa dzechirwere chepfungwa uye nyanzvi yemagazini. (1926)
- Louise Despert, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa muNew York, akanyora nezvemajeri makumi maviri nemaviri emwana wechidiki schizophrenia, mamwe acho aiva nezviratidzo zvinofanana nehuwandu hwemazuva ano we autism. (1938)
- Hans Asperger anoparadzira chidzidzo chekutanga chesayenzi chevana vane autism kana Autismus, chidzidzo chemuenzaniso chinotsanangura vana vana chete, kunyange zviri pachena kuti aishanda nevana zana vane autism uye Aspergers syndrome kuchipatara chake muVienna. (1943)
- Leo Kanner anonyora "Kuvhiringidzika Kwemhirizhonga yeAngwara Kukurukurirana," achitsanangura varwere 11 vane vana vaduku vana autism (zita raakagadzira muna 1944) mumagazini "The Child's Nervous." (1943)
- Kanner anozivisa nheyo yake yokuti autism inokonzerwa nevana vefriji (1949)
- Lauretta Bender akashanda nevana autistic muma1920 nema1960
- Bruno Bettelheim anonyora bhuku rake "Empty Fortress," iro rinosimbisa firiji amai mazano sechikonzero che autism. (1967)
- Mu DSM-ini, vana vane zviratidzo zve autism zvakanyorwa sekuve nehucheche schizophrenia. (1952)
- Leon Eisenberg akadhinda pepa rake "The Autistic Child muAdolescence," inotevera vana makumi matanhatu nevatatu vevististic. (1956)
- IA Autistic Children's Society Society yekuNorth London inoumbwa (gare gare inova National Nationalistic Society). (1962)
- Bernard Rimland anobudisa bhuku rake "Infantile Autism: The Syndrome uye Zvazvinoreva Neural Theory of Behavior." (1964)
- Ole Ivar Lovaas anotanga kushanda padzidziso yake yeAAA yepiritsi yevana autistic. (1964)
- Chikoro cheSybil Elgar chinotanga "kudzidzisa nekuchengeta vana vane autism." (1965)
- Boka revabereki vevana vevistine vaiva nemusangano wekutanga weNational Society of Autistic Children (yava kunzi Autism Society of America). (1965)
- MuDMSM-II yakarongedzwa, hapasati yakasiyana neboka re autism. (1968)
- Sangano reNational Society of Autistic Children's First Annual Congress rakaitirwa muWashington. (1969).
- Somerset Court inova "yekutanga nyanzvi yevanhu vane autism muUnited States." (1972)
- Lee Felsenstein, uyo akazongororwa kuti ane Asperger's syndrome, anogadzira yekutanga yebhodhi yemashoko - Community Memory. (1973)
- Dzidzo yevose Vane Utano Hwevanhu Vakagadzikana yakagadzirirwa "kutsigira nyika nenharaunda mukuchengetedza kodzero dzeku, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvevanhu, nekuvandudza migumisiro ye" vana vane hurema, vazhinji vavo vakanga vasati vaiswa pachikoro. (1975)
- Lorna Wing anobatsira kukudziridza 'zvitatu zvekuora mwoyo' maonero e autism spectrum disorders (1970s)
- DSM-III pakupedzisira inosanganisira zvirongwa zvekuongororwa kwevana vaduku nezvinhu zvitatu zvinokosha. (1980)
- Susan Moreno anopa pepanhau nemipiro inobva kune vanhu vane autism "Residual Autism Newsletter" (yakazotumidzwazve kuti 'vanhu vakawanda vanokwanisa' kana MAPP) (1984)
- Temberi Mukuru akanyora 'Emergence.' (1986)
- Vhidhiyo yemumwe wemakore makumi maviri nemana anokwana autistic inosunungurwa - 'Mufananidzo wejaya re autistic.' (1986)
- DSM-III-R inowedzera PDD-NOS uye inowedzera zvishoma zvishoma kuchinja kwekutsvaga kwevana vevististic. (1987)
- Autism inosanganiswa sechikamu chakasiyana chekuremara muVanhu vane Disability Education Act (IDEA), zvichiita kuti zvive nyore nyore kuwana mabasa. (1990)
- Donna Williams, munhu mukuru wechipiri, akanyora bhuku rokutanga rezvina mabhuku mana e "autobiographical" - "Hapana. (1991)
- "20/20" uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvinoita mushumo unoedza kubatanidza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye autism muguta reLeominster, Massachusetts, inofungidzirwa kuti autism cluster iyo ichangobva kubviswa, kusanganisira hafu yevana haina kumbova autism uye vamwe haina 't kunyange kurarama munzvimbo. (1992)
- Mutemo weAutism Network International unotungamirirwa neboka revanhu vane autistic. (1992)
- Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinowanikwa ku autism diagnosis category mu DSM-IV. (1994)
- Catherine Maurice anonyora bhuku rokuti 'Rega Ndinzwe inzwi Rako: Kukunda Kwemhuri pamusoro peAustism' (1994)
- Michael ndiye munhu anonzi autistic mubhuku rinonzi 'Microserfs' (1995) naDouglas Copeland
- Oliver Sacks, MD anonyora 'An Anthropologist paMaris,' iyo inosanganisira nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro pevanhu vakuru vese, kusanganisira Temple Grandin naStephen Wiltshire. (1995)
- Autism Network International musangano wekutanga weAustreat for autistics unoitwa. (1996)
- Kurapa Autism Iye zvino yakaumbwa uye pakupedzisira inosangana ne Autism Inotaura. (1995/2007)
- Andrew Wakefield akabudisa pepa rake muLancet uye anoti haazoshandisi mushonga weMMR pamwe chete nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zve autism. (1998)
- Judy Singer akanyora nezvehutano. (1999)
- IA Autism Society inotora Autism Awareness Puzzle Ribbon se "chiratidzo chepasi rose chekudzidzira autism." (1999)
- The Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) yakasimbiswa neHana Health Health Act ye2000.
- Karyn Seroussi anonyora bhuku rinonzi 'Kurasika Chakavanzika cheAustism uye Inowanikwa Mukurwisana Kwepfungwa: Nyaya yaamai kune yekutsvakurudza nekudzorerwa' (2000)
- Kutaura Nezvekurapa Autism (2000)
- Steve Silberman anonyora 'The Geek Syndrome' muWired magazine (2001)
- DSM-IV TR (2002)
- IWorld and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership (GRASP) mafomu, sangano rinotungamirirwa nevanhu vane Asperger's and Autism Spectrum Disorders. (2003)
- Bernard Rimland, weAustism Research Institute uye Defeat Autism Iye zvino! mitemo, anonyora bhuku rinonzi "Kuwana Autistic Children." Mwanakomana wake wezvakaberekwa akaberekwa muna 1956. (2003)
- Purogiramu yakaipa, webhusaiti yekutengesa, inotangwa. (2004)
- Susan Senator anonyora kuti 'Kuita Rugare neAustism' (2005)
- Ari Ne'eman anotanga Autistic Self-Advocacy Network (ASAN). (2006)
- Dora Raymaker naKristuina Nicolaidis vatanga Academic Autistic Spectrum Partnership Mukutsvaga uye Dzidzo (AASPIRE). (2006)
- Kurwisa Autism Act (2006/2011)
- Amelia Baggs akanyora 'MuMutauro Wangu' video kuYouTube (2007)
- Bhuku reCDC / ADDM rinotaura kuti kuwedzera kwevhisiki kune 1 muvana 150 (vana vakazvarwa muna 1994). (2007)
- Jenny McCarthy anotanga kushanda naGeneration Rescue, imwe sangano inofunga kuti zvirwere nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa zvinokonzera autism. (2008)
- Alison Singer anosunungura kubva kuAustism Anotaura uye anotanga Autism Science Foundation. (2009)
- Bhuku reCDC / ADDM rinotaura kuti kupararira kwevidism kwakawedzera kusvika pa1 muna 110 (vana vakaberekwa muna 1998). (2009)
- Corina Becker anonyora tsamba iyo inotanga yekutanga Autistics Talking Day. (2010)
- Andrew Wakefield anorasikirwa neirapa rake rekurapa uye anorambidzwa kubva pakuita mishonga, achitevera kubviswa kwebhuku rake re autism. (2010/2004)
- Julia Bascom anotanga Project Loud Hands. (2011)
- Vanhu Vanofunga Vanotungamira ku Autism inotanga. (2011)
- Paula Durbin Westby anoronga yekutanga Autism Acceptance Month, iyo inoitika nguva dzose munaEpril. (2011)
- Bhuku reCDC / ADDM rinotaura kuti kupararira kwevidism kwakawedzera kusvika pa1 muna 88 (vana vanozvarwa muna 2000). (2012)
- DSM-5 inobatanidza autism, Asperger's, chirwere chekukura kwevana, uye PDD NOS mu autism spectrum disorder. (2013)
- Bhuku reCDC / ADDM rinotaura kuti kupararira kwevidism kwakawedzera kusvika kune 1 muna 68 (vana vanozvarwa muna 2002). (2014)
- Autism CARES Mutemo wegore ra2014
- Steve Silberman anonyora NeuroTribes (2015)
- Nhoroondo yeCCC / ADDM yemazuva ano inotaura kuti kupararira kwevhisiki kunoramba kuri 1 pa68 (vana vanozvarwa muna 2004). (2016)
Chii chinotevera?
Sources
Manouilenko I, Sukhareva - Pasati Asperger naKanner. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015 Aug; 69 (6): 479-82
Baker, Jeffrey, P. Autism pa70 - Kuderedza Mipata. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1089-1091
Fellowes, Sam. Ko Kanner Chaizvoizvo Rondedzera Inotanga Yokutanga yeAustism? The Mystery of 1938. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. July 2015, Bhuku 45, Nyaya 7, mapeji 2274-2276
Feinstein, Adams. A History of Autism: Kutaurirana neVaPiyona.
Silberman, Steve. NeuroTribes. 2015.