Mumutambo, kunze kwekukanda, vatambi vasiri kunze kwegomba havagoni kushandisa maoko avo. Kunyange zvazvo vatambi vanowanzoshandisa tsoka dzavo kutamisa bhora uye kufambira mberi kutamba, kutungamirira chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Musoro unobatsira mutambi kudarika, kujeka kana kupfura bhora nemisoro yavo. Zvisinei, kukuvadza musoro kwava chinhu chinopisa-chinetso mune zvemitambo, kunyanya kuwanda kwebhola reAmerica, uye izvi zvinopararira kune bhora.
Tsvakurudzo yekutungamira mubhokisi ndeyese isina kukwana uye yakavhenganiswa, nedzimwe dzidzo dzisingaratidzi migumisiro. Zvimwe zvidzidzo, zvisinei, zvakabatanidza mutsika uyu kune mazano, subconcussive zviratidzo, uye kusagadzikana kwehutano neurocognitive.
Banning kutungamira pachikoro chesekondari nepamusoro zvinenge zvisingaverengeki. Misoro yakakodzera inobatsira kumitambo uye yakasimbiswa mune tsika yebhola. Zvisinei, avo vanoita mutungamiri vanofanira kunyatsodzidziswa uye kushandisa nzira yakakodzera kuti kuderedza dambudziko.
Soccer Statistics
Nhamba ndiyo yemutambo unozivikanwa zvikuru munyika. Maererano neFédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), vanhu 265 mamiriyoni vanotamba mutambo.
MuUnited States, bhora rakagamuchirwa seimwe nzira yakachengeteka kune mamwe mimwe mitambo yevechidiki, uye nhamba yevatambi vari kutamba mutambo uyu. Pakazosvika 1969 na1970, bhora rakadanwa pa 2217 zvikoro zvepamusoro (49,593 vatambi vechidiki; 0 vatambi vechikadzi).
Pakati pegore ra2013 ne2014, vatambi vechikwata vakadanwa pazvikoro 11 718 (417.419 vatambi), uye musikana wechikwata wakadanwa pazvikoro 11 354 (375,564 vatambi).
Pakati pevashandi vemauto, vatambi paavhareji vatungamiriri bhora bhora pakati pe6 ne12 nguva yemutambo kuitira kuti zvive nezvikamu zvinopfuura 2000 musoro panguva yemakore makumi maviri emakore.
Pakati pevatambi ava, 40 muzana yekukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nemutambi-mutambi wekutarisana, uye kubatana kwebhokisi-kusanganisira kuitika kwepamusoro-kunokwana 12.6 muzana yekukuvara.
Pakati pevechidiki vaduku vemajaja, musoro unofungidzirwa kuti unokonzera pakati pe31 ne37 muzana yehurukuro. Pakaveji yekoroji, iyo inokonzera 5.8 muzana yekukuvadzwa kunotsigirwa nevatambi vematambo, uye 8.6 muzana yekukuvara kunotsigirwa nevatambi vechikadzi.
Research in Heading
Kunyange zvazvo zvishoma zvichinyatsozivikanwa pamusoro pemigumisiro yenguva pfupi yekutungamira, mumativi ose, kutungamirirwa kwave kwakabatanidzwa nehutano hwekugadzirira, huyeuchidzo, nekushanda kwepisoperoperative. Intuitively, kuchinja uku kunoratidzika kunge kunonzwisisika nokuti vatambi vanotungamira nechepamusoro pehuma yako inodzivirira prefrontal cortex, iyo inobatanidzwa mukufungisisa, mupfungwa uye mufambiro unoshanda.
Kunyanya kunetseka kutsvaga kutsvaga kutsvaga pamusoro pekutungamira mubhokisi kunobva pane kuongororwa kwevatambi vezvenyanzvi, vanoita misoro kakawanda mumitambo uye miitiro munguva yeupenyu hwose.
Muchikamu che 2017 chakabudiswa muActa Neuropathologica , vatambi vechikwata 14 vakasiya basa (13 vashandi uye mumwe akaitwa amateur) vakateverwa kusvikira rufu.
Vavheti vemajeri vakaroora muvhareji wemakore makumi maviri nemakumi mana, uye avo vose vari vatambi vakanga vane unyanzvi mukutungamirira. Vatanhatu vevatambi vakanga vambosangana nharo imwe neimwe panguva yemabasa avo.
Vose ava vatsva vakagadzikana nehutano hwemhetambo gare gare muupenyu. Vane gumi ava ndivo vaive nemafungiro emagetsi, kusanganisira parkinsonism , kusagadzikana kwepamusoro kana kusagadzikana mushure mekudonha, uye dysarthria ( dysarthria inoreva kunetseka kutaura). Uyezve, mafungiro nemafambiro ehutsika zvaiwanzoonekwa pakati pevanhu ava.
Vakatambi ava vakatanga kukurudzira kusagadzikana kwekuziva kwepfungwa pavhareji yemakore anenge 64, uye chirwere chacho chakapfuura chikamu chemakore gumi.
Vane gumi nevaviri vevatambi 16 vakafa nehutachiona hwehutano hwakanyanya. Hapana mumwe wevatambi vakaudzwa kuti vanoshandisa zvinodhaka, kunwa doro zvisina kunaka kana kuzviuraya.
Kushandiswa kwemakwikwi kwakaitwa kune vatanhatu vavatambi ava, uye vose vakaratidza zvirwere zvinoshandiswa zvinoratidza kurarama kwenguva refu zvakakosha. Kunyanya zvakanyanya, zvina zvakaratidza kuti zvinotenderwa kuongorora zvirwere zvekugara kwenguva refu, kana CTE , iyo yakave yakaratidzwawo mune zvekugadzira mabhodhi, vatambi vebhola, vatambi veHockey nezvimwe zvakadaro. (CTE inozivikanwa yakagadzirwa mushure mekutsvaga autopsy.) Uyezve, dzimwe mbiri mbiri, kunyange zvazvo dzisina kusangana nezvose zvinotarisirwa kuongororwa, dzakaratidza zvimwe zvinhu zvaive zvakafanana neCTE, zvakadai saalal abnormalities, tau pathologies, uye kuputika kwechitatu ye ventricle.
Mune imwe 2017 nyaya yakabudiswa muNeurology , 222 vatambi vematambo yebhokisi (79 muzana varume) vakapiwa mibvunzo yekubvunza mibvunzo pamusoro penguva yakawanda yezvinyorwa uye kazhinji uye kuoma kwepakati pehutano hwezvirwere (CNS) zviratidzo, kubva pakuderera kusvikira kune yakaoma. Heano zvimwe zviitiko zvekudzidza:
- Kune varume, nhamba yepamusoro yepamusoro kwemavhiki maviri evhiki yaiva 44, uye nhamba yemukati yaiva 18.
- Kune vakadzi, mavhareji yenhamba yepamusoro kwemavhiki maviri-vhiki yaiva 27, uye nhamba yemukati yaiva 9,5.
- Zviratidzo zvine chokuita nekatsvaga zvakasangana ne20 muzana yevanhu vakapindura.
- Pachine chimwe chinhu kana zvinopfuura zvisingabatsiri zvinokonzerwa nemusoro zvakaparidzirwa muna 37 muzana yemurume uye 43 muzana yevakadzi.
- Zvichienzanisa zvikuru zvakanyanya zviratidzo zveNCS zvakabatanidzwa nekutungamirira basa uye zvisingatarisirwi musoro musoro. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvakakosha kune vatambi vaitungamira zvikuru (quartile yakakwirira).
Maererano nevanyori:
"Kutungamira kunobatanidza nekunzwisisa kugadzirisa kushanda kuchikoro chesekondari, vateereri vakuru, uye vatambi vematambo vemabala pamwe nekukuvadza kwehuropi hwepfungwa, vasingagoni kuzviratidza. Zvinonzwisisika, mhedzisiro yepamusoro inokonzera mhirizhonga yakawanda ye concussive inogona kunge isiri kureva nguva yakazara yezvipingamupinyi. "
Mhinduro dzinobatanidza CNS zviratidzo kune vatsva vaigara vachitungamirira bhora rakabvumirana nedzimwe tsvakurudzo dhungetedzo kubva kune zvidzidzo zvekare, izvo zvakaratidza kuti 30 muzana yevatambi vematambo avo vakatungamira kanopfuura ka1 000 pagore vakanga vari pangozi yehutachiona hwehutano hunochinja hwakaenzana neavo kuora mwoyo kwepfungwa (TBI).
Maererano neCDC:
"Chirwere cheTV chinokonzerwa nekuputika, kuputika, kana kuvhara kumusoro kana kukuvara kwepfungwa kunoputika kunokanganisa basa rinowanzo huropi.Hazvipi zvinokonzera kana kuputika kumusoro kunokonzera TBI. kubva kune "unyoro" (kureva, kuchinja kwenguva pfupi mupfungwa mupfungwa kana kuti kuziva) ku "dambudziko" (kureva, nguva yakareba yokusaziva kana kukanganwa kurasikirwa mushure mekukuvadzwa.) Zvizhinji zveAIDS zvinowanikwa gore negore zvine unyoro, zvinowanzonzi maitiro. "
Zvakadini Nezvokudzivirira Musoro Womusoro?
Mukuedza kuwedzera pamusoro pekutya kwekutya, vatengi vanogadzirisa vakagadzira mabheji emusoro anofanirwa kudzivirira mutambi kubva pamigumisiro yakaipa yekutungamirira uye kukuvadzwa kwekusaziva musoro. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinowanzogadzirwa nemamita anenge masentimita-masvikiro ekudzivirira, iyo inoputira musoro uye inopoteredza parietal, temporal, frontal uye occipital lobes. Vagadziri vezvigadziri izvi vanoti vanodzinga simba rezvinyorwa zvitsva uye kuderedza kusangana uye kusagadzikana kwehupenyu. Asi ivo?
Zvakafanana neongororo dzakaongorora mungozi dzinogona kukuvadza dzekutungamira, chero mhedziso inowanikwa kubva kuongororwa kwemasimba aya ane musoro.
Semuenzaniso, mune imwe sangano duku rakabudiswa mupepanhau Research in Sports Medicine muna 2015, vatori vechipfeko vakapfeka bhanhire remusoro vakaratidza kuderera mumashoko ekurangarira mushure mokunge vatungamira maitiro, uye vatori vechikamu vasina kupfeka musoro wepamusoro vakaratidzira kukurumidza kuita nguva mushure mekutungamira maitiro. Nemhaka yekuti izvi zvinowanikwa zvakananga zvisinganzwisisiki, vatsvakurudzi vakagumisa kuti kudzivirirwa kwebhokisi remusoro hakuiti zvishoma kuti kuderedze kusanzwisisika kwehupenyu hwehutano hwekutungamirira.
Heading Heading Technique
Nekuda kwekunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pekutungamira, munaNovember 2015, National Soccer Coaches Association yeAmerica (NSCAA) yakarambidza kune vatambi ve "bhora rezera" makore gumi nematanhatu (U11), uye vakagadzirisa mutambo kune vatambi vemu U12 nemapoka U13 . Kune vatambi U14 nekupfuura, nzira yakakodzera yekutungamira inotarisa yekuita uye kutamba.
Pane imwe nhoroondo yakabatana, maverengeka aimbova nyeredzi dzeUnited Women's National Team, kusanganisira Joy Fawcett, Brandi Chastain, uye Cindy Parlow Cone, vakabatana nekudanwa kusabvisa musoro mushure mekunge chikoro chesekondari. Uyezve, mutambi wenhabvu Abby Wambach mutungamiri mukuru wekutungamirira kuchengeteka, uye anoronga kugovera uropi hwake mukutsvakurudza kukuru.
Maererano neNSCAA, chinhu chikuru chekudzivirira kukuvadza ndeyomutsipa uye kusimbiswa kwepfungwa. Vechidiki vane makore pakati peU11 neU14 vanofanira kudzidziswa kubatanidza musoro, mutsi, uye torso kuitira kudzivirira kukuvara. Heano mazano mashanu:
- Vatambi vanofanira kushandisa mapfupa avo vachienda. Vanofanirawo kuchengetedza maziso avo uye miromo yakavharwa.
- Vatambi vanofanira kuenzanisa nemaoko avo vachitungamira.
- Vatambi vanofanira kuzviisa mumutsara webhora pavanenge vachienda.
- Vatambi vanofanira kuchengetedza misoro yavo vachiri kupinda mumutsara webhora.
- Vatambi vanofanira kuchengetedza zvakasimba nemakumbo avo vachienda.
Pasi Pasi
Dhiyabhorosi kutsvaga migumisiro inogona kukuvadza yekutungamira inenge isingakanganisi uye inonzwisisika. Kunyange zvakadaro, kutsvakurudza zvakakwana kwave kuchiitwa kubatsirana neurocognitive nemigumisiro yemauto eUnited States yakarambidza mutsika kune vatambi vebhobho yezera remakore 11 uye vaduku pavanorambidza tsika iri mumakore gumi nemaviri uye gumi nematanhatu kusvika-pamaminitsi makumi matatu ekutungamirira kudzidziswa vhiki uye kwete zvinyorwa zvinopfuura 15 kusvika ku20 mutambi wega wega.
Kudzivirira musoro wakagadzirirwa kuderedza dambudziko rekutungamira uye kukuvadzwa kwekusaziva musoro kungangove kusingashandisi. Pane kudaro, vatambi vanofanira kudzidza nekuita maitiro akakodzera maitiro kuitira kuti kuderedza ngozi dzekurohwa kweuropi.
> Sources:
> Comstock RD et al. Chiratidzo-Kubva Kukurukurirana kwekutungamirira Ball uye Mhedziso mu High School Soccer. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015; 169 (9): 830-837.
> Elbin RJ et al. A Yokutanga Kuongorora kweKutsvaga Neurocognitive uye Zviratidzo Zvichitevera Bout Soccer Mutambo muVatletes Vakapfeka Sokudzivirira Masoja Musoro. Kutsvakurudza muMutambo Mishonga , 23: 203-214, 2015.
> Ling H et al. Mixed pathologies inosanganisira chronic traumatic encephalopathy account yekuora mwoyo kwepabonde mubato rekubatana nebhola (vatambi). Acta Neuropathologica . February 15, 2017.
> NSCAA Inotungamirira Mukutanga Kuchengetedza. Soccer Journal . Svondo-Gunyana 2016.
> Stewart WF et al. Zviratidzo Kubva Kudzokorora Musoro uye Usingaiti Wemusoro Mutsara muZvondo Vatambi. Neurology . 2017.