Chikonzero chaiicho chekenza yekushaiwa simba hachizivikanwi, asi mazamu anoonekwa seanoita basa. Zvimwe zvinokonzera njodzi dzechirwere zvakare zvakaonekwa. Izvi zvinowirirana zvichienderana nerudzi rwekenza, neAxid reflux (GERD), nharaunda yaBarrett, uye kuninipiswa kwakabatana neadenocarcinoma, uye kusanganiswa kwekusvuta uye kudha doro kunowanzobatanidzwa nevakawanda ve squamous cell carcinomas.
Kunewo maitiro akasiyana-siyana emagariro ehutachiwana aya, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanzoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.
Sezvo chirwere chacho chinowanzoonekwa mune imwe nguva, zvishoma zvisingatauriki, kuve nekuziva nezvezviitiko zvinopisa, pamwe nekuzivana nezviratidzo zvekushaiwa kenza , zvinokosha kuti uone chirwere ichi pakarepo. Pamusana pezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi, chiitiko cheAdenocarcinoma chesophagus chave chichiratidzira kuwedzera kunoshamisa munyika dzakabudirira.
Genetics
Kungofanana nekenza yakawanda, genetics inogona kukonzera kukura kwekenza yekushaiwa simba, uye masumbu ekenza mumhuri ave akaonekwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Genetics inogona kuita basa guru mu squamous cell carcinoma kupfuura adenocarcinoma, zvikurukuru maererano nehutano husina kunaka hwakasungirirwa nechirwere chacho. Rimwe genetic syndrome, tylosis, inosanganiswa nekanyanya kukanganisa kwesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Iyo chirwere chinoratidzirwa nekuwedzera kweganda pamiti nemichindwe nemakumbo nekuda kwesakakwana mavitamini A metabolism.
Genetics chete haisi iyo inokonzerwa nekenza yepayipi, asi inogona kuwedzera kune ngozi kune dzimwe njodzi dzinokonzera chirwere chacho.
Kunzwisisa Ngozi
Chinhu chinokonzerwa nechirwere chinoreva chimwe chinhu chinosanganiswa nemukana wekuwedzera chirwere ichi asi hazvirevi kuti chinokonzera chirwere chacho.
Kanzera inophageal inotanga apo DNA inokanganisa (gadziriro inoshanduka mumagetsi) inowanikwa mumasero evanhu vanowanzoita kuti masero atange kukura mune zvisiri zvekutonga mafashoni. Kuva nechinetso chekutadza hazvirevi kuti iwe uchava nehutachiona hwekushaya simba, uye vanhu vasina mungozi dzezvinhu vanogona uye vanoita kuti chirwere ichi chiwedzere dzimwe nguva.
Zvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi zvinokonzerwa nekenza yechirwere ndezvimwe zvinokonzera kushungurudzika nekukuvadza kune bhandi rezamu, uye tiri kudzidza kuti kusapora kusingaperi kunogona kutungamirira kuchinjwa chemuviri unozopedzisira waita kenza. Zvimwe zvinokonzera njodzi, zvakadai sefodya, zvine kenza (zvinokonzera kenza) zvinogona kukuvadza zvakananga DNA.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Simba rinokonzerwa nekenza rinotanga mukati memasero (squamous cells) anokonzera sophagus . Izvozvo zvinokonzera zvinowanzoonekwa munzvimbo yepamusoro yeeophagus uye ndiyo inonyanya kunyanya pasi rose.
Zvinokonzera njodzi dzorudzi urwu rwechirwere chekushaiwa simba dzinosanganisira:
Age
Zvizhinji zve squamous cell carcinomas zvinowanikwa kune vanhu vari pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nemakumi manomwe, uye aya kanzira haawanzove kune vechidiki.
Zvepabonde
Kunyange zvazvo kenza yemasophagus inowanzoonekwa kune varume kupfuura vakadzi vose, iyo inopera ndeyechokwadi kune squamous cell carcinoma muUnited States.
Race
MuUnited States, squamous cell carcinomas yakawanda zvikuru kune vemavara kupfuura vatsvene, asi izvo zvakasiyana ndezvechokwadi kune adenocarcinomas.
Geography
Chiitiko chemarudzi ose echirwere chesophageal chakasiyana zvikuru munyika yose. Chiitiko chikuru che squamous cell carcinoma chesophagus chiri mune zvakakonzerwa "Asian Esophageal Cancer Belt." Iyi nzvimbo inosanganisira nzvimbo dzakadai seTurkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, uye pakati nepakati kuchamhembe kweChina. Nharaunda yacho yakanyanya kwazvo kumabvazuva kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAfrica.
Kusvuta
Squamous cell carcinomas yechipupuriro inenge inowanika kaviri pane yakawanda kune vanhu vanosvuta. Kusvuta hachisi, asi, chinokonzera kukanganisa kenza yekusaphageal munzvimbo dzose dzenyika. Somuenzaniso, muChina, zvinoita sokuti kusvuta kunongobatsira chete; Zvokudya zvinoonekwa zvakakosha zvikuru.
Kushandisa Doro Rinodhaka
Kufanana nekuputa, kunwa doro ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokonzerwa ne squamous cell carcinoma yechipupuri mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika asi kwete vamwe. Kunyanya kunwa doro kunosanganiswa ne 1.8- kusvika 7.4-panda kuwedzera pangozi. Kuderera kusvika kuenzanisira kudhakwa kunwa, maererano nekuongorora kwe2018, kunonyatsobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwechirwere ichi kune avo vanorega.
Kusvuta Kupfuura Doro Doro Rinoshandisa Doro
Kusanganiswa kwekusvuta uye kunwa ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chinokonzerwa ne squamous cell carcinoma uye inofungidzirwa kuti inofanirwa nepamapfumbamwe 90 kubva mumatambudziko pasi rose. Dambudziko racho rakakwirira pane zvingatarisirwa kana iwe ukawedzera kuisa pangozi yekubhema uye kunwa doro chete (panzvimbo yekuwedzera, ngozi inowedzera).
Environmental Exposures
Kujekesa kune mamwe makemikari- tetrachlorethylene inoshandiswa pakuchenesa zvakaoma, somuenzaniso-inogona kuwedzera njodzi yekushaya kenza yeropa.
Kunwa Lye (Drain Cleaner)
Lye inowanikwa mumhuri inoshambidza vatsva uye inogadzirisa mumiririri. Gore roga rega vana vakawanda vanokanganisa zvinodhaka izvi. Kanzera yeEsophageal inogona kuitika makore mazhinji mushure mekunge kuvhara nekukurumidza.
Achalasia
Achalasia inzvimbo iyo iyo muscular band kumucheto wezasi weeophagus (yepasi esophageal sphincter) haisunungurwe zvakanaka kuti kubvumira kudya kusiye sopu uye kupinda mudumbu. Izvi zvinoguma mune zvokudya zvakasara mukati uye kutambanudza nharaunda yakaderera. Achalasia inobatanidza nehutano hwekenza yeeophageal, nekenza kazhinji inowanikwa makore 15 kusvika ku20 mushure mekuongororwa.
Radiation Therapy kuMupfu uye Kumusoro Mamuviri
Kushandiswa kwechirwere kumapfupa emamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekenza yebonde kana chirwere cheHodgkin chinogona kuwedzera ngozi. Kunyange zvazvo vakadzi vakambova nemirasi yemazuva mushure mekuita mastectomy vane njodzi yakakwirira, izvi hazviratidzi sezvakangoitika kune vakadzi vane mazai ekusimba mazamu mushure me lumpectomy.
Nhoroondo yeMusoro uye Neck kana Lung Cancer
Nhoroondo yemunhu wekenza inobatanidza nehuwandu hwekupararira kwekenza yepamusoro, zvikurukuru squamous cell carcinomas yemusoro, mutsi, nemapapu.
Kunwa Zvokudya Zvitsva
Kunwa zvinwiwa zvakanyanya (zvinotonhora zvikuru kupfuura mukombe wakawanda wekofi) zvave zvichifunga kuti zvinotakura ngozi yakawedzerwa. Bhuku re 2018 rakatsigira kutenda uku, kunyange zvazvo kunwa tiyi pamatambo ekudzivirira kwaive kungozi chete kana ichibatanidzwa newaini yakanyanya kudha kudya kana kusvuta.
Kutaura nezvezvinwiwa, ungangodaro wakanzwa kuti soda inogona kukonzera chirwere chesophageal nenzira yekufananidza kuora mwoyo. Izvi zvakakwanisa kushamwaridzana zvakasarudzwa neongororo kubva kuNational Cancer Institute uye zvidzidzo zvinotevera izvo hazvina kungoona kuti hapana ngozi yakawanda ye squamous cell carcinoma kana adenocarcinoma asi inogona kunge yakasiyana.
Kudya
Zvokudya-kunyanya kudya kunotapira muzvibereko nemiriwo, uye zvakakwirira muzvvuku uye / kana kushandiswa nyama-zvinobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwehutano hwemhando dzose dzechirwere chesophageal, asi hukama hwakasimba ne squamous cell carcinoma. Nezvokudya, nzira yekubika inoita seyo inokosha, uye kubika kana kunongedza pamatambo makuru kunosangana nehuwandu hwehutano. Betel nemasikisi easca zvakare akabatanidzwa nekukura kwekenza yekusaphageal.
MuChina, zvikafu zvakanyanya mu nitrate zvingave zvakapetwa kaviri. Dambudziko racho rinowedzerawo kune avo vane vitamin uye mineral defence (kunyanya folate, vitamin C, uye molybdenum) munyika dziri kusimukira.
Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV), hutachiona hunokonzera chibereko chechirwere pamwe chete nedzimwe kenza, zvingangodaro dzakabatana nekugadzirwa kwe squamous cell carcinoma. Nepo vatsvakurudzi vasina chokwadi kana hutachiona hwechirwere ichi, hunowanikwa kusvika kune chetatu chemakirini eesophageal muAsia uye zvikamu zveAfrica. Kusvika ikozvino, HPV haina kuonekwa ichibatanidza nekenza yekushaya simba muUnited States.
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinomas inowanzoitika kakawanda muchitatu chepasi chemasimba uye inotanga mumasero akaoma. Kazhinji, chikamu chechikamu chetatu chesophagus chakabatanidzwa nemasero, asi mamiriro ezvinhu asingagumi (akadai seasingaperi acid reflux) anoguma mukushandurwa kwemasero kuitira kuti aoneke semasero anokonzera mudumbu uye mumatumbo. Nokufamba kwenguva, masero aya anogona kuve masero akachengetedza uye maseva ekenza. Adenocarcinomas iye zvino yakapfuura squamous cell carcinomas muUnited States, United Kingdom, Australia, uye Western Europe.
Zvinokonzera njodzi dzorudzi urwu rwechirwere chekushaiwa simba dzinosanganisira:
Age
Kufanana nekwenyuka masero ekenza, adenocarcinomas inowanzoonekwa nevanhu pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nemakumi manomwe.
Zvepabonde
MuUnited States, adenocarcinomas huwandu huwandu humwe hunoonekwa kune varume kupfuura vakadzi.
Race
Kusiyana nemafungiro emakemikari esero, adenocarcinomas eopopus inowanzozivikanwa (nechimwe che 5) mune vatsvene kune vemavara.
Geography
Chiitiko cheAdenocarcinoma chesophagus chiripamusoro kuWestern Europe, North America (zvikurukuru United States), uye Australia.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Acid reflux, kana gastroesophageal reflux chirwere ( GERD ), inonyanya kukonzerwa neeophageal adenocarcinoma, uye inenge 30 muzana yematenda aya anonzi anofananidzwa nemamiriro acho ezvinhu. Inofungidzirwa kuti pakati pe1,5% uye 1 muzana yevanhu vane GERD vachakurira kenza yekusagadzikana.
Barrett's Esophagus
Bhurett yaBarrett inzvimbo iyo iyo masero masero echepasi ari masero (squamous cells) anotsiviwa nemasero anochera seaya aripo mudumbu uye mumatumbo. Inowanzowanika kune vanhu vane nguva refu kwenguva refu asidi inoputika uye inowanikwa mumapato matanhatu kusvika ku14 muzana yevanhu vane GERD isingaperi. Kunyange zvazvo kuongororwa kunopesana, inenge 1 mu100 kusvika kune 1 mu 200 vanhu vane chirwere cheBarrett vachava nekenza yekushaya simba gore negore. Sezvakaita adenocarcinoma, sarudzo yaBarrett iri kuwedzera muUnited States.
Zvimwe zvidzidzo (asi kwete zvose) zvakaratidza kuderedzwa kwengozi ye esophageal adenocarcinoma kuvanhu vane baroptus yaBarrett vakatora zvisiri-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (zvakadai seAppil, ibuprofen, proton pump inhibitors (zvakadai sa Prilosec, omeprazole) , kana kuti statin zvinodhaka (zvakadai seLipitor, atorvastatin).
Hiatal Hernia
Chirwere chinopera chikafu chinokonzera kupera kwechirwere chinobvumira dumbu kuti riwedzere muchipfuva kubva mudumbu uye kazhinji rinokonzera zviratidzo zvekushaya mwoyo. Kuva nehutano hwekuberekwa kunogona kuwedzera mungozi nechimwe che 2 kusvika ku6.
Kuwandisa / Kuwedzera
Kunyanya kuwandisa kana kuwedzerwa kunowedzera mukana weAdenocarcinoma weeophagus. Maererano nekuongorora kwe2015, vanhu vane huwandu hwehuwandu (muviri mashekeri makuru evanhu 25 kusvika ku29) vanenge makumi mashanu kubva muzana vanogona kuva nekenza, asi avo vanorema (mumuviri mashekeri evanhu makumi matatu kana kupfuura) vanowanzokwanisa kuwedzera sopugeal cancer. Kuva nechirwere chechirwere cheshuga chingakonzerawo njodzi, asi hazvizivikanwe kana izvi zvakabatana nechirwere cheshuga pachako kana kuitika-kunowedzera kuneta.
Kusvuta
Kusvuta kunobatanidza nekubudirira kweAdenocarcinoma yeeophagus, asi shoma kupfuura squamous cell cancers. Kusvuta kunomutsa dambudziko reAdenocarcinoma nechimwe chechipiri.
Mishonga
Mamwe mishonga inobatanidza kana kuwedzerwa kana kuderedzwa panjodzi yeAdenocarcinoma yeeophagus. Kushandiswa kweBasphosphonates (yakashandiswa nokuda kweasteoporosis) kunogona kuwedzera mungozi, sezvingaita kushandiswa kweesrogen-only hormone replacement therapy. Kusiyana neizvi, kushandiswa kwe aspirin kunobatanidzwa nekuderera kwengozi.
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