Ndizvo Zvakanakisisa Zvokubata Aya Cancers Pakutanga
Overview
Nenzira yakanaka, zvirwere zvinosvibisa, kana zvipembenene zvekenza, zvemukati uye pineasal sinus hazviwanzoitiki.
Inenge 3 kubva muzana yemaronda anouraya emuusoro uye mutsipa inobata mazamu uye mapasana eparanasal. Pasi pose, aya kanzura anoumba anenge 0.5 muzana yevamwe marariya anouraya. Uyezve, varume vanowanzorwara nekenza iyi, uye vanhu 4 kubva ku 5 vanovhiringidzika vane makore makumi mashanu nemashanu zvichikwira.
Sezvo chimwe chinhu chisingawanzoitiki, zvakadaro, hazvirevi kuti hazvina maturo. Kune avo vane marwadzo anonyangadza emapapiro emasango uye sinasana dzeparanasal - vanenge 2000 veAmerica vatsva vaongororwa gore roga rega-pamwe chete nevanoda vavo vose, zviremara zvekenza zvakanyanya zvikuru.
Kunyanya maererano maererano neAmerican Cancer Society, makore mashanu ekupona, kana kuti nezana revanhu vari vapenyu makore mashanu mushure mekunge mazivikanwa okutanga, emakirini emusana kana eparanaal sinus ari kubva pa35 kusvika ku 63 muzana zvichienderana nehanho kana kuti kuoma.
Chii Chinonzi Nalal Cavity?
Mhuno yako yakabatana kumuromo wako kuburikidza nemumvuri wemvura .
Chii Chinonzi Paranasal Sinuses?
Sinuses nzvimbo kana nzvimbo dzisina kudzika mumuviri wedu. Nzvimbo yemapapu inotanga kusvika mukati maina mana mapaini eparanasal, ayo anopoteredza danda remvura.
Mafuta e maxillary ndiwo maitiro makuru zvikuru anogara munzvimbo yerama. Chimwe nechimwe chema-maxillary sinus chinoputika mumhino pachayo uye inorara pasi peziso.
Zvivi zvakatarisana zviri pamusoro pemashizha.
Zvitadzo zvevahedheni ndezvekubatana kwezvivi zviduku zvisinganzwisisiki zvinoumbwa nemucheka uye mapfupa mashoma. Izvi zvitadzo zviri pakati peziso rako.
Mafuta e sphenoid akadzika mukati memhino uye ari shure kwemaziso.
Zvivi zvinokonzera zvinhu zvakawanda kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- firiji nemhepo inodziya
- kupa rubatsiro rwehenya
- vhenekera dhehenya
- kubatsira kubereka inzwi rako
Kazhinji, zvivi zveparanasal zvakazara nemhepo. Kunyange zvakadaro kana uine hutachiwana uye uchitya, zvivi izvi zvinogona kuzadza neropa, pus, uye mucus - zvose zvinokonzera kusuruvara uye kurwadziwa.
Ndeapi Iko Nasal Cavity neParanasal Sinus Cancers Kukura?
Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemasana uye sinana dzeparanasal dzinowanikwa pahuwandu hwemaidillary sinus. Zvishoma nezvishoma, aya kanzura inopinda mumasango emvura, masvingo emvura (ari pavanopinda mumhino) uye zvitema zvemukati. Kazhinji izvi zvinokonzerwa nekenza zvinokanganisa zvivi zvepamberi kana zvephenoid.
Kubva Mumiri Ipi Inoita Nasal Cavity uye Paranasal Sinus Cancers Inomuka?
Zvivi uye munharaunda yemvura zvinokonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemasero uye zvivako zvemasero zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- masero anonyadzisa
- masero anochera uye zvinyoronyoro zviduku
- masero asina kufanira
- melanocytes
- lymphocytes (immune cells)
- nerve masero
- bone masero
- masero masero
Zvose zvemasero aya zvinogona kukonzera kenza, iyo inotsanangura kuti sei mazamu uye mapaanaal cancers anogona kunge akasiyana-siyana, kana majekiseni ekugadzira, uye kurapa.
Somuenzaniso, melanoma (rudzi rwekenza yemuviri); sarcoma (bone, muscle kana kenza yemuviri); lymphoma (kenza yeropa inosanganisira lymphocytes); uye esthesioneuroblastoma (kana kenza inokonzerwa nemasimba ane simba) inogona kukonzera nasal uye paranasal kanzira.
Zvisinei, dzakawanda zvezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana zvekenza hazviwanzoitiki. Pane kudaro, kenza yemukenza yakawanda ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera mishonga yemukomana uye yepasanasal. Inopfuura 50 muzana yematenda aya anokonzerwa nemasero ane tsvina. Rudzi rwechipiri rwemhando yepamusoro yemasasa kana mhanza yeparanasal sinus ndeye adenocarcinoma, iyo inobuda kubva mumasero akaoma.
Zviratidzo
Cancers yemapapiro emasina uye zvivi zveparanaal zvinopa zvakawanda zvakafanana nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kufanana anokonzera nzvimbo ino (funga pamusoro pemapukirwo ekufema zvakadai sechando kana chirwere kana sinusitis). Pakupedzisira, zvakadaro, matumire ari kukura, uye anowedzera kukanganisa , achifungidzira kune zvivako zvemaatomical zviri pedyo zvakadai semaziso neuropi.
Heano zvimwe zviratidzo zvekutanga zvemupfudze uye mapapiro eparanasal sinus:
- dzihwa
- kusanganiswa
- kudzivisa
- sinus fullness
- sinus tsitsi
Mushure mokunge tumarara inokura uye idya muzvivako zvakapoteredza, zvinotevera zvinogona kuitika:
- kubuda kumapapiro;
- facial pain;
- dambudziko rezino (kana bundu racho richikura rakakwana zvokuti rinopesana nepamuromo, meno makuru anogona kukuvadza);
- dambudziko reziso (somuenzaniso, maonero maviri, kusaona kwemaziso nekuona kurasikirwa) /
Zvinosuruvarisa, vanhu vazhinji vanouya kana kuti pakupedzisira vanotumidzwa kune ENT (nzeve, mhuno uye nehuro) nyanzvi yemaputi uye mapanaanaal sinus kanisita kudaro gare gare, mushure mekunge vatanga kuona zviratidzo izvo kana ivo kana vana vavo vekuchiritira vanachiremba havagone kuva nehanya kutonhora, flu, sinusitis (utachiona hwe sinus) kana zvakadaro.
Ichokwadi, kazhinji vanhu ava vakaedza zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pasina. Pakupedzisira, nenguva iyo yakawanda iripo nemararamiro aya, kuwedzera kunowedzera uye kufungidzira, kana maonero, inochengetedzwa.
Zvinokonzera
Cancers yemapapiro emasina uye sinasana yeparanasal inokonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwema genetics (funga nezvekuchinja kwemararamiro) uye kusununguka kwezvakatipoteredza.
Zvimwe zvinokonzera ngozi kune mutsara uye mutsipa wekenza, zvinosanganisira musango wepasine uye kanama kanamusi yeparanasal, zvakanatswa. Izvi zvinokonzera ngozi dzinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti munhu atange chirwere chacho.
Pano pane zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nezvikwereti izvi:
- kusvuta;
- kushandisa doro;
- guruva inhalation (Nickel, ganda, mbatya, maruva uye huni);
- mazaiyo (sezvakaita radium yakawanikwa mumapuranga akaiswa maziso kana radon exposure);
- glues;
- formaldehyde;
- gadhi yemasitadhi;
- kugura mafuta;
- mineral oils;
- chromium;
- kuchengetedza zvokudya;
- HPV (munhu wepilloma virusi inokonzerawo maitiro emudzimai);
- Epstein-Barr virus;
- Paan (chimiro chekufuridzirwa kunowanikwa kuIndia);
- utano hwakanaka hwehutano (isina ngozi ngozi);
- Asian ancestry.
Zviverengera zvezviitiko izvi zvinowanzoitika zvinokonzerwa nemabasa ekushanda. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vanoshanda mumafekitari anounza zvikokovonho, masimbi, mafuta nezvakadaro zviri pangozi chaiyo kusvika kune kubuda kunokonzerwa nekuputika.
Pakave kure, iyo inowanzova yakawanda inowanzoita kuti pave nemakumbo uye mapaanaal sinus kanisitiri vari kusvuta uye kunwa zvakanyanya-kunyanya kana vakabatanidzwa.
Kuziva
Nemhaka yokuti zviratidzo zvepasal cavity uye sinanas parasitic sinus zvinogona kunge zvisina kunaka zvisingaiti - kunyanya kare - anopa chiremba weET (nzeve, mhuno nehuro), kana kuti otolaryngologist, achange achida kuratidzika zvakajeka uye chiziviso, kana sampuli, chiremara, kana kuti masero, kuti aone kuti chii.
Asati aita kana kurayira kuongororwa mutsva, chiremba achatanga kuita musoro nemutsipa kuongorora. Kana kukanganiswa kuchifungidzirwa, kunyanya kubhadharwa kunobhadharwa pamigumisiro yekutarisa kweziso, zvakadai sekuwedzera kwemaziso.
Uyezve, zvidhi nemasasa zvinongororwa zvakanyatsoshandiswa, zvose kuburikidza nekuona uye kuratidza kana kubata. Kunyanya, kunyanya kunzvimbo dzezvitema zvinogona kuita kuti pave nehutano kana zvirwere.
Pano pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvirwere zvinogona kuongororwa zvinogona kuitwa kuti zvibatsire kutsvaga ma kancita uye kuronga kurapa kwakakodzera:
- manyoo endoscopy (tambo inogadziriswa inosanganisira kamera uye chiedza chinoshandiswa kutarisa mukati memumvuri wemvura)
- CT
- MRI
- X-ray
- PET scan
Pamuedzo iwoyo, X-ray uye CT zvikwangwani zvakanaka pakusarudza kana kenza yakapararira kune zvivako munzvimbo yakasara. Izvo, PET scan inoshandiswa kuona kana aya kanzira yakapararira kana kushandiswa. Zviri pachena kuti zvakanyanya kuipa kumurwere apo aya kanzira inopararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.
Staging
Zvimwe zvinowanzoitika, marariya emakumbo emasina uye sinasana yeparanasal ndiwo maitiro emukomana nehuro. Kufanana nedzimwe mhando dzekenza, musoro nemutsipa makondombera zvinowanikwa zvinoshandisa matanho: Chigadziko 0, I, II, III uye IV. Iyi nhanho inowedzera kugoverwa zvichienderana nezvimwe zviitiko zvechirwere. Izvo zvakanyanya danho, iyo yakanyanya kuoma kenza. Uyezve, zvidzidzo izvi zvakagadzirirwa kushandisa nhengo dzeTM .
I T in TNM inomiririra chiremera chekutanga uye inoreva hukuru hwechirwere.
IN in TNM inomirira lymph node kupinda.
I M in TNM inomirira masitasisita kana kupararira kure.
Hazviwanzovi nekenza yemapanga kana mapainasi eparanasal kupararira mumakirini emakirini kana kusangana uye kupararira kune imwe nzvimbo yakakurumbira. Zvisinei, matumbu aya anogona kupararira mumasangano akapoteredza, uye kana akapinda muuropi, rufu runogona kuguma.
Ngatinyatsoongororai zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuti wemukati nemutsipa.
- Nhanho 0 kenza ine carcinoma in situ uye inongova panzvimbo yayo yatanga. Kana akabatwa nokukurumidza, Chikamu 0 kenza kazhinji inorapwa.
- Nhanho 1 kenza yakapararira mukati memukati, kana kuti kunze kwekunze kwemapapiro kana zvitema, asi hazvifaniri kupinda nepfupa. Uyezve, hapana lymph node inobatanidza kana mastasine iripo. Maererano neAmerican Cancer Society pakati pe1999 na1999, makore mashanu ekupona kwevanhu vane Stage 1 musasa uye musana weparanasal sinus waiva 63 muzana.
- Nhanho 2 kenza yakagadzirisa kupinda mufupa. Zvisinei, chirwere chechipiri chekenza hachina kupararira kune lymph nodes kana kushandiswa kunzvimbo dziri kure dzomuviri. Kuwedzera kwemakore mashanu kwevanhu vane Stage 2 musal cavity uye paranasal sinus cancers ndeye 61 muzana.
- Nhanho 3 kenza inogona kureva chiremera chakakurira kuva pfupa uye zvimwe zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya uye zvarova lymph nodes. Makore mashanu ekupona kwechikwata cheStatu 3 neal cavity uye paranasal sinus kanzira ndeye 50 muzana
- Nhanho 4 kenza inogona kureva dumbu rakapararira zvakanyanya muzvivako zvakapoteredza uye lymph nodes pamwe nekukandwa kunze kwemasastases. Makore mashanu ekupona kwechikwata cheStage 4 chirwere chepasari uye paranasal sinus kanzira ndeye 35 muzana.
Kazhinji kuita musoro nemutsipa makondombera - kusanganisira masango emasana uye mapainal sinus - zvinosanganisira lymph nodes kana kukanda zvipatara kure. Zvisinei, 20 kusvika ku40 kubva muzana yevanhu vane makondombera aya uye havatauri pane zvakarongeka kurapwa kwezviratidzo.
Mune mazita, mahara e-maxillary sinus - inowanzosiyana nemhando dzomukati uye mapainal sinus - ane yavo chaiyo. Mahara anonzi Maxillary sinus anokwanisa kuramba akanyarara kwechinguva chiduku nokuti sinima ye maxillary yakakura, uye zvinotora nguva kuti kenza iite kuti ibude munzvimbo ino yakareba.
Mukuwedzera pakugadzirwa, zvipfeko zvinoshandiswa zvakare, kana kuti zvakarongedzwa zvinyorwa zvake, achishandura masiki uye sero sampuli kubva pachigamba. Zvirwere zvepasi-pasi zvakanyatsosiyaniswa uye zvikamu zvepamusoro-grade zvinoremekedzwa kana zvisina kufanirwa. Undifferentiated tumors inowanzoita zvirwere zvakanyanya kudarika nokuti dzinoparadzanisa uye dzinopararira nekukurumidza kudarika zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kurapa
Kurapwa kwemakumbo emasana uye pesanasal sinus yemukenza kunobva pachirwere kana kuti kuoma kwekenza uye yehutano hwehutano hwako.
Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu ane utano ane chirwere cheGear 1 anogona kurapwa nekuvhiyiwa oga. Zvisinei, munhu ane chirwere chinopfurikidza angada kuvhiyiwa, chemo, uye remishonga inonzi radiation. Pakupedzisira, kune vanhu vane chirwere chakakosha zvikuru chisingaregi, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuita kunonoka kukura kwekukura nekuwedzera kupona. Mune mamwe mazwi, kutarisira vanhu vane chirwere chinopisa upenyu kunogona kuva nekunonoka.
Heano mamwe maitiro ekurapwa kwevanhu vane marariya aya:
- kuvhiyiwa
- chemotherapy
- radiation therapy
- chinangwa cherapi
- kunyorera
Vanhu vane zvirwere zvakapfuura vangada mhando dzakawanda dzeongororo pabhodhi kuti dzipe mishonga, yakadai seEN, neurosurgeon, yezvokurapa oncologist uye yeratiation oncologist.
Kana iwe kana munhu waunoda ari kukanganisa kenza yemapanga kana pineanasal sinuses, zvakakosha kuti ubvunze chiremba uye kurukura zvekunetseka kwako. Pakutanga panguva yemakirini aya, kana zviratidzo zvisingaiti, chiremba wako angangodaro akaratidzira nhamba yakaderera yekenza yakadai - kunyanya nokuti aya kanzira haawanzoitiki.
Zvisinei, kana iwe une nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yakadai, wakambosangana nematambudziko, wakanga uine zviratidzo zvakadai seminzwa yemhino kana kuti kupindira kwemvura kusingaendi kunyange mushure mekutenderera kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana vari kuona kuchinja kunoonekwa kana zvimwe zvinetso zvinoratidza kuora kwemapararira zvakapararira , zvakakosha kuti iwe uone an ENT kana utaure chiremba wako wepfungwa kuti iwe unoda kuona ENT.
Sources
Fischman ML, Rugo HS. Occupational Cancer. Muna: LaDou J, Harrison RJ. eds. KUBATSIRWA KUTAURIRWA & KUKURWA: Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 5e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013.
Mandpe AH. Chitsauko 17. Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms. Muna: Lalwani AK. eds. KUCHENGA KUZIVA KUZIVA NOKUTAURA MUOtolaryngology-Musoro & Neck Surgery, 3e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.