Pane zvinokonzera uye zvinopesana nechiremba anobatsira kuzviuraya
Iyo nharo pamusoro pemitemo uye mutemo wechiremba-anobatsira kuzviuraya (PAS) haisi itsva. Ive iri hurukuro yekutsvaga kukuru kwemazana emakore uye hairatidze zviratidzo zvekunonoka pasi.
Chiremba-anobatsira kuzviuraya iye zvino ari pamutemo (2017) muOregon, Washington, Vermont, Colorado, uye Montana. Munyika yose (kunyange zvisungo zvakasiyana zvakasiyana) zviri pamutemo muNetherlands, Belgium, UK, Columbia, uye Japan.
Inobvumirwawo mumatunhu eQuebec muCanada. Zvakakosha kuona kuti kuzviuraya kwechiremba kune imwe nyaya yakasiyana kubva kune kodzero yekudzivisa kana kubvisa mararamiro ekusimbisa hupenyu kana palliative sedation, pamusoro pekunge kukakavhiringidza kwakanyanya uye izvo zvinowanzotarisana nezvisarudzo pane zvemitemo.
Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekutsigira kana kupikisa kuzviuraya-kubatsirwa kuzviuraya?
Nharo Dzinotsigira kana Kurwisa Chiremba-Kubatsira Kuzviuraya
Kune vatsigiri vakasimba zvakasimba pamativi ose maviri ehutano hwekuzviuraya-anobatsira kuzviuraya, asi vasati vapinda mune izvi, zvakakosha kuti tsanangurire zvatinenge tichikakavadzana. Chii chinonzi kuzviuraya-chibatsiro kuzviuraya uye izvi zvinopesana nei, zvinoreva, euthanasia? Chiremba-anobatsira kuzviuraya kana PAS inotsanangurwa sekuzvipira kwekuzvidira kwehupenyu hwehupenyu kuburikidza nekugadzirisa doro rinouraya nerubatsiro rwakananga kana rusina chiremba rwechiremba.
Kusiyana neEuthanasia, umo chiremba anoita kupindira, muna PAS chiremba anopa nzira dzinodiwa uye murwere anoita chiito.
Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvitanhatu Mukushorwa kwePAS (uye Counterarguments In Support)
Kunyange zvazvo kune mazano akawanda akanaka uye nhepfenyuro kune nyaya yakakanganiswa-yepamusoro yekuzviuraya-anobatsira kuzviuraya, izvi zvinogona kuputsika pasi muzvikamu zvina zvikuru zvinowanzosimuka pamusoro pekugashira kana kubvumirwa.
Uye kune dzimwe nharo, pane mhirizhonga.
1. Kuvandudzika Kusvikirwa Nezvipatara uye Kuchengetedza Kwazvo
Imwe nharo inopesana nePAS ndeyokuti-nokuti muenzaniso wekupedzisira kwehupenyu hwekupedzisira-huno hunoonekwa kuburikidza nehutachiona uye zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza kurapa-hapanofanira kuva nechikonzero chero munhu angazofanira kutsvaga PAS. Mukuona kweizvi, kuisa pfungwa hakufaniri kuve yakanyorwa pamutemo PAS, asi pakuvandudza ruzivo rwekuchengetwa kwechipatara.
Kune vanopfuura 4 000 masangano ekuchengetedza varwere muUnited States, asi nekuda kwemiganhu yekubhadhara mari uye kusagadzikana kweMurepa weHIV Medicine Hospice inoda varwere kuti vave nehupenyu hwemwedzi mitanhatu kana kudarika, mamiriyoni evanhu muUnited States havawani ivo.
Kukonzerana-kukakavadzana: Kunyange nekunatsiridzirwa kwehutano hwekutarisira kwekupedzisira kwehupenyu, zvicharamba zvichingova zviitiko zvisingashamisi zvekutambura kusingaperi uye kusingatambudziki. Nhamba dzemazuva ano dzatakabva kuOregon (2014), apo PAS iri pamutemo, inoratidza kuti 93 muzana yevarwere vakasarudza PAS vaiva pane hospice. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kutarisira nekuchengetedza kurapa hakusi nguva yakakwana yekurapa kutambura kukuru.
2. Zviyero zveVachiita Kuzvidzivirira
Yakanga yakatarwa mumaonero eBlovia v. Superior Court (CA) kuti "kodzero yekufa ndiyo chikamu chekodzero yedu yekudzora zvatinoda isu chero bedzi kodzero dzevamwe dzisingatambudziki." Iyi yaiva nyaya ye kuzvidzora kushivirira.
PASI haisi chiito chakakwana chokuzvipira; inoda rubatsiro rweumwe munhu.
Nharo inopesana nePAS ndeyokuti PAS inopisidzira sangano redu nekuderedza kukosha kwehupenyu hwehupenyu. Sangano rine mutoro wekuchengetedza utsvene hwehupenyu, saka kusarudzwa kwomumwe munhu kwePAS kunofanira kupedzeredzwa kwehuwandu hwakanaka.
Kugadzirisa-kukakavadzana: Vanachiremba vanoenda kune chikumbiro chekubatsira pakugumisa hupenyu hwevarwere vane kodzero yekuderera pamusana pokuramba kwehana nekuda kwehana. Kodzero dzavo, saka, hazvibvumirwi maererano nechisarudzo cheBouvia .
3. "Slippery Slope" kuHuman Socialism
Avo vari kushorwa nePAS vanonetseka kuti kana vakabatsirwa kuzviuraya kunobvumirwa, euthanasia haisi kuzova kure kumashure.
Iyi maonero anobata kuti iri kutsetserera kunotsvaga kune "kuuraya ngoni," pasina kubvumirwa, kwevanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa, hutano hwepanyama, vakwegura, vakagadzikana, vasina pokugara, uye chero aniwo vanhu vanoona se "kusina maturo."
Kugadzirisa-kukakavadzana: Nzvimbo dzedu dzepamusoro dzakakosha hazvibvumirwe kubvumira iyi "kutsetserera" kunobvira. Mienzaniso yakataurwa inosanganisira Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels, naJoseph Mengele, avo vakakundwa mubasa ravo re "kunatsa" geni reGermany.
4. Chisimba cheHippocratic Oath
IHippocratic Oath inotaura kuti chiremba chinosungirwa ndicho chinonyanya kukosha , "kutanga, usakuvadza." ZVINONYANA zvakananga kupikisa iyo mhiko, sekuuraya nemaune murwere anotaridzirwa sekukuvadza.
Kugadzirisa-nharo: Hippocratic Oath inofanira kududzirwa uye kuchinjwa sezvinodiwa maererano nezvinodiwa nemurwere mumwe nomumwe.
5. Mamwe maitiro kune PAS
Avo vari kushorwa nePAS vanopesana kuti kune mitemo yepamutemo nemitemo yepamutemo yekubatsira rufu. Varwere vangaramba kuramba vachirapa zvingawedzera kwenguva refu kufa kwavo, kusanganisira mishonga.
Kukonzerana-nharo: Vamwe varwere havavimbi nemararamiro ekusimbisa hupenyu kurarama uye achiri kutambura. Kurambidza kurapwa kwehupenyu kunongowedzera kutambura nekuda kwevarwere ava.
Imwe nharo ndeyokuti varwere vanogona, uye kazhinji vanoita, vanosarudza kurega kudya uye kunwa kuti vakurumidze kufa kwavo. Rufu runowanzoitika mukati mevhiki imwe chete kana matatu, uye inowanzotaurwa se "rufu rwakanaka."
Kugadzirisa-nharo: Mavhiki matatu kusvika kune matatu ekutambura kwakanyanya kune zvakanyanya kune chero munhu aifanira kushivirira. (Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvikonzero nei vanhu vachitsvaka kuzviuraya-kuchibatsira kuzviuraya .)
Nhaurirano yeZvimbiso Zvikuru Mukutsigira nekushorwa kusvika PAS
Kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwechiremba uyu-akabatsira kukakavadzana kwekuzviuraya hakuchina kuonekwa. Nokuda kwemukati wepasi wekusigirwa kwevanhu panzvimbo iyi, tinogona kuona ichi kuva chechokwadi muvanhu vedu. Iko kutotongerwa mutemo muUnited States muOregon uye zvikwereti kuti zvibvumirwe zvaro zvakataurwa kakawanda kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. PAS inowanikwawo mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, zvakadai seNetherlands.
Pane zvakawanda zvinowanikwa kana iwe uri munharaunda mune zvaunotenda, uchida kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peRufu neKubwinya kwechikwata, kana kuti uchida kutsvaga zvimwe zvezvimwe nyaya zvinotsigira kana kupikisa kuzviuraya-kubatsirwa kuzviuraya uye kodzero yekufa .
> Sources:
> Braverman, D., Marcus, B., Wakim, P., Mercurio, M., naG. Kopf. Vashandi Vehutano'Maitiro Nezvechiremba-Akabatwa Rufu: Kuongororwa Kwezvakarurama Kwazvo uye Basa reMashoko ekugumira uye Kukwanisa Kurapa. Zvinyorwa zveHurwa uye Chiratidzo Chekuita . 2017 Jul 14. (Epub mberi kwekudhinda).
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Hospice Care. Updated 07/06/16.
> Emanuel, E., Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B., Urwin, J., uye J. Cohen. Maitiro uye Maitiro eEuthanasia uye Chiremba-Akabvuma Kuzviuraya muUnited States, Canada, uye Europe. JAMA . 2016. 316 (1): 79-90.