Sei munhu angafunga kuti rufu rwakakurumidza?
Sei vanhu vachitsvaka kuzviuraya-kuchibatsira kuzviuraya? Sezvo sarudzo iyi yave iripo mune yakasarudzwa nyika uye nyika kwemakumi emakore, mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo angave akasiyana nezvinofungidzira kana kutya.
Nhau dzakanaka ndeyokuti varwere vanotambura havaiti sevanomanikidzwa kuti vatore izvi. Pane kudaro, munhu wose anorwara ane kenza, akwegura, akachena, akadzidziswa, uye haana kurwadziwa kwakakomba.
Akarasa rusununguko uye hupenyu hwehupenyu , kutya kunowedzera kurwadziwa, uye kunosarudza kusarudza nguva yekubuda kwake.
Kurasikirwa Kwekutonga uye Unhu hweHupenyu
Kufambira mberi kukuru kwakagadzirwa pakuvandudza kuguma kweupenyu-kuburikidza nehutano hwekutarisira uye zvirongwa zvekugamuchira, asi dzimwe nguva hazvina kukwana. Vakawanda vakwegura uye vanorwara kwenguva refu muAmerica vanorwadziwa, uye misha yakawanda yevanamukoti haisi pasi.
Chirwere chisingaperi uye hupenyu hunogadzirisa zvinogonawo kuita kuti munhu anzwe sokuti varasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo hwose. Mutumbi hausi kuita zvaunofanirwa uye hapana nzira yekudzivisa. Chiremba-anobatsira kuzviuraya (PAS) anganzwa senzira yekuwanazve zvimwe zvekutonga. Kana vasingakwanisi kudzora chirwere chacho, vanogona kutora zvishoma kuti vatange kuti vanofa sei.
Unhu hwehupenyu hunoita kuti varwere vachitsvaka PAS. Kurasikirwa nekuzvimirira, kana kusakwanisa kuzvitarisira uye kuzviita zvasarudzo, kunoratidzwa mu 90 muzana yezviitiko zvePAS muOregon.
Kunyanya kutevera kurasikirwa kwechiremera uye kurasikirwa kwekukwanisa kutora chikamu mumabasa anofadza. Zvinopera pasina kutaura kuti kutambura mumuviri kunowedzera kuderedza hupenyu hwehupenyu zvakare.
Kune avo vari kutambura mumazuva avo okupedzisira ehupenyu, rufu runogona kuva chiitiko chakanaka. Vanogona kunzwa kuti ichagadzirisa zvachose kutambura kwavo uye kuderedza mutoro kune vadikanwa vavo.
Kuzviuraya kwechiremba kunogona kuonekwa sekanakisisa pane ivo nemhuri dzavo.
Chiremba-Aibatsira Kuuraya Statistics
Muhurumende yeUnited States apo mutemo, chiyero chechiremba-anobatsira kufa chaive 0,1 kubva ku2 kusvika ku2 muzana yevanhu vose vafa, asi muNetherlands iyo 1.8 muzana kusvika 2.9 muzana yevanhu vose vakafa.
US
Kuzviuraya kwechiremba kunobvumirwa mumitemo mishanu kubva muna 2017: Oregon, Washington, Montana, Colorado, Vermont, uye California. Yakange iri pamutemo muOregon kubva muna 1997 uye Oregon Health Authority inogadzira mushumo wegore wePAS.
Zvikonzero izvo varwere vakapa pavakakumbira PAS muOregon zvave zvichienderana nemishumo yemakore makumi maviri:
- 90 kubva muzana vakataura kukanganisa kunokonzera kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita kuti upenyu hufadze
- 90 muzana vakataura kurasikirwa kwekuzvimirira
- 65 muzana vakataura kurasikirwa kwechiremera
Dzimwe nhamba dzeOregon dzinosanganisira:
- Pasi pematatu maviri kubva kune vatatu veOregon varwere vanowana mishonga yePAS vanofa nekugadzira mishonga. Nhamba iyoyo yakaramba iine makore makumi maviri. Nhamba gore rega roga roga kugamuchira mishonga iyi shoma, kunyange zvazvo ichikura, ichiwedzera kubva pasi pe100 pagore kusvika muna 2010 kusvika kune 200 gore mugore ra2015 uye muna 2016.
- Vapiro 1127 chete ndivo vakafa kubva kuzvipatara-vakabatsirwa kuzviuraya muOregon kubva muna 1997 kusvika muna 2016 uye mitemo 1,749 yakanyorwa.
- 90 muzana yeOregon PAS varwere vakafa kumba uye 88 kubva muzana vavo vakanyoreswa purogiramu yekuchengetedza.
- Nhoroondo dzezvipatara-vakabatsira kuzviuraya makumi matatu nemaviri pavakafa zviuru gumi muOregon, nhamba yacho inopetwa kubva muna 2010.
- Pasina 1 muzana yechiremba muOregon neWashington nyora mishonga yePAS gore negore.
Canada: Kuzviuraya kwechiremba kwakanyorerwa muQuebec muna 2016 uye munyika yose munaJune 2016.
The Netherlands:
- Kuzviuraya kwechiremba kunobvumirwa nemutemo pasi pemamiriro akaoma.
- Kodzero yekuzvisarudzira kuzvipira kwechiremba inoramba ichifarirwa.
- 60 muzana vechiDutch vanachiremba vakapa zvikumbiro zvePAS.
Belgium : Legalized euthanasia muna 2002.
Luxembourg : Mutemo weEuthanasia uye wakabatsira kuzviuraya muna 2009.
UK: Kuzviuraya kwechiremba hakubvumirwi nemutemo. Iko kushandiswa kwezvino kune kuisa pfungwa pane kuchengetedza , kwete euthanasia.
Kune imwezve muNyika: Kuzviuraya kwechiremba kunobvumirwa pamutemo pasi pemitemo yakatsanangurwa muColombia, neJapan.
> Sources:
> Rufu Nekuremekedza Mutemo. Oregon Health Authority. http://www.oregon.gov/OHA/PH/ProviderPartnerRources /EvaluationResearch/DewithwithDignityAct/pages/index.aspx.
> Emanuel EJ, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, Urwin JW, Cohen J. Maitiro Nezviito zveEuthanasia uye Physician-Assisted Kuuraya muUnited States, Canada, uye Europe. Jama . 2016; 316 (1): 79. doi: 10.1001 / jama.2016.8499.
> Ganzini L, Goy ER, Dobscha SK. Oregonian Zvikonzero zvekukumbira Chiremba Aid muDying. Archives of Internal Medicine . 2009; 169 (5): 489. doi: 10.1001 / archinternmed.2008.579.
> Steck N, Egger M, Maessen M, Reisch T, Zwahlen M. Euthanasia uye Kubatsira Kuzviuraya Munyika dzakasarudzwa dzeEurope neAmerica States. Medical Care . 2013; 51 (10): 938-944. doi: 10.1097 / mlr.0b013e3182a0f427.