Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoiti, chirwere chekare-kare chinoramba chichifa sezvakamboita
Iyo pfungwa chaiyo yehosha yebhononi ndiyo chimwe chinhu chatinosangana nayo neMakore Emazuva apo makumi emamirioni akaurayiwa mushure me "Black Death" yakapfuura muAsia, Africa, uye Europe muzana remakore rechi14. Kufanana nehovepuru nepoloriyo, vazhinji vedu taifunga kuti denda racho rave rakava zvinhu zvezvinyorwa zvemabhuku, fodhi yemidziyo yemidziyo.
Hazvina kudaro, kutaura kuti chirwere chinodzora nyanzvi, avo vakatanga kutorazve kubuda kwechirwere mumakore achangopfuura.
Kutanga kwakaitika kwakadaro kwakaitika muna 1994 muIndia, iyo yakarova vanhu 56 uye yakapinda muzvipatara zvinopfuura 600. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, denda racho rakanyatsoratidzwa muDemocratic Republic of Congo (65 kufa muna 2005), Madagascar (69 kufa muna 2014 uye 57zve muna 2017), uye kunyange zvikamu zveU.S. (kufa kwevana uye 16 zvirwere muna 2015).
Mukupera kwaJune 2017, vaviri vemuNew Mexico vagari vakanyatsoonekwa kuti vane chirwere, kuwedzera kune 600-pamwe nezvirwere zvinotarisirwa pasi rose pakuguma kwegore.
Transmission
Denda reBubonic rinogona kuuraya zvinokonzera bhakitiriya Yersinia pestis . Chirwere ichi chinoparadzirwa nekurwara kwehutachiona hwehutachiona ( Xenopsylla cheopis ) iyo inoita kuti imba yayo ive nemakonzo maduku akadai semakonzo, minda yemunda, uye squirrels. Nokuti mabhakitiriya haana chakaipa kune fleas, ine motokari yakakwana iyo inofanira kutorwa zvakananga kubva kumhuka kusvika kuvanhu .
Mukuwedzera kune makonzo maduku akaita sa chipmunks uye imbwa dzekudya , Yersinia pestis yakawanikwa mune zvipfuwo zvakakura zvinosanganisira marara, opossum, wild coyotes, uye kunyange imbwa dzomukati uye kati dzakasangana nemakonzo.
Zviratidzo
Apo munhu ane utachiona naY. pestis , mabhakitiriya anofamba achipinda mumakirini emakirini uye anopedzisira ari mumakirini emakirini apo anokonzera marwadzo, akaoma-akafanana akawedzerwa anonzi buboes. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mukati memamwe mazuva manomwe ekutsvaga uye zvinogona kuendeswa ne:
- Chills
- High fever
- Kunyanya kuneta
- Pain
- Kuporesa kunopisa
- Muscle makampu
- Kuputika kweropa
- Chirwere chezvigunwe , zvigunwe, miromo, nemhuno
- Kuvhurwa kwebhoes bhururu
- Kugumburwa
Pasina kurapwa, denda re bubonic richaguma nerufu mumakumi matanhatu kubva kune makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika kuzana muzana ematambudziko, kazhinji mukati memazuva gumi.
Mamwe Mafomu eDambudziko
Nzira yezvirwere inogona kusiyana kune vanhu vane utachiona naY. pestis. Panzvimbo pokufamba kubva kune zvipembenene kuruma kune lymph nodes, mabhakitiriya anokwanisa kupinda mumuviri kuburikidza nemamwe migwagwa uye anokonzera zvakasiyana zvachose zviratidzo. Pakati pemhando dzisina kufanana dzechirwere
- Chirwere chepneumonic chinoitika apo bhakitiriya inopararira kumapapu, kazhinji kana munhu ane hutachiona achikanda kana kuti anotsvaira pane imwe. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki, inofungidzirwa sechimiro chakakomba chechirwere, zvichiita kukurumidza kukura kwepneumonia, kurwadziwa kwepfupa, uye neropa kana remvura, kana chirwere chisina kutenderwa, chirwere chepneumonic chinogona kukonzera kukundikana kwekupemha nekufa, kazhinji mukati maawa makumi matatu.
- Chirwere chepfungwa chinowanikwa apo mabhakitiriya anowana nzira yaro zvakananga muropa, kazhinji kuburikidza nekupuka kana kusuruvara paganda. Icho chimiro chechirwere chechirwere uye zviri pachena kuti chinotyisa. Zviratidzo zvakangofanana nehosha yebhononic asi zvinogona kusanganisira kubuda ropa pasi peganda. Rufu inenge isingadzivisiki kana kurapwa kusati kwasunungurwa mukati maawa 24.
Kuongorora nekurapa
Denda reBubonic rinoratidzwa nekumhanya mabhizimisi ematare pamusana, ropa, maronda emusana, kana kuti lymph nodes ine utachiona. Mune zvikamu zve nyika umo denda racho rinowanzoonekwa, kuedza kwepistick nokukurumidza kunowanzoziva mabhakitiriya antigens mumaminitsi gumi nemashanu.
Nemhaka yehutachiona hwehutachiona hwechirwere ichi, vanachiremba vanowanzotanga kurapwa vachinyanya kurindira vachimirira mavhodhi. Zvakakodzera, kurapa kunofanira kutanga mukati maawa makumi maviri nemaviri, kazhinji nenzira yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakadai sa streptomycin, doxycycline, kana tetracycline. Kana ikarapwa panguva yakakodzera, kuponeswa kunogona kubva kune 85 kubva kune imwe kusvika kune 99 kubva muzana.
Kudzivirira
Chinokosha mukudzivirira denda rebhuboni ndiko kudzivirirwa kwemakonzo kana chero mhuka dzesango dzinogona kutakura uturu. Zvinodawo kuti uchengetedze zvivako zvako kubva kune zvinhu zvinokwezva mhuka, sezvipfeko zvakasununguka zvidhinha kana minda isina kushandiswa.
Uyezve, kana iwe uchigara mune imwe nzvimbo inowanikwa zvipembenene:
- Shandisa chirwere chinoputika panze panze uye udzike shangu refu uye bhoti.
- Usambobata chirwere kana mhuka dzakafa. Kana iwe uchifanira, ufuke magetsi makuru.
- Chengetedza zvipfuwo zvako mumba uye ugozvipa zvikorekiti zvinopisa.
- Bvisa fleas kubva kumba kwako.
Kana uchifamba kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika umo kuputika kwakaitika (Madagascar, Peru, Democratic Republic of Congo), chengetedza mazano ekufambisa usati wasimuka uye uunze zvakawanda zvezvipembenene zvinodzivirira zvine 80 muzana DEET. Parizvino hapana mushonga wokudzivirira dambudziko reBubonic.
Denda nderimwe rezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotapukira izvo zvaimbove zvichitambura asi zvino zvinogona kurapwa. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingakoshi, zvinokosha kutora matanho ekudzivirira izvi kana zvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukirwa, kana iri typhus, tapeworm, kana chirwere cheLyme .
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. "Dambudziko: Resources for Clinicians." Atlanta, Georgia; yakarongedzwa Gunyana 15, 2015.
> New York Times. "Dambudziko Rinowanikwa muNew Mexico." Zvakare. " June 27, 2017.
> Sebbane, F .; Jarrett, C ;; Murimi, D .; et al. "Basa reYersinia pestis plasminogen activator muzviitiko zvepfungwa dzakasiyana uye bhuonic yezvirwere zvinokonzera furo." PNAS. 2006; 103 (14); 5526-5530.