Kuongorora kwakawanda uye "guta rakapoteredza" vakaona kuti maguta nemiganhu ine zvikamu zvakakwirira zvikuru zvekuvharika kwaive nyorewo kune avo vaiva nemadhora akaderera kupfuura ose ekuderedza.
Sangano idzva rekugadzira maguta rinozivikanwa seNew Urbanism rakagadzirwa nechinangwa chekusimudzira hutano hwakanaka uye mamwe maguta ane ushamwari, uye data ichangobva kuitika yakaratidza kuti kufamba uku kunogona kukanganisa kuwandisa kwehuwandu nekuwedzeredza zvakare.
Chii Chinoita Kuti Vavakidzani Vagone?
Izwi rokuti "vagari rakagadzikana" rinoreva kuti zvingave sei kuti iwe unokwanisa kufamba kune zvitoro zvekumba, zvikoro, nemapaki munharaunda yako. Zvinhu zvakaita semigwagwa nemigwagwa yebhasikoro zvinofambisa izvi, uye ndizvo zvinoita kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabhizimisi mukati mekufamba.
Chii chiriyo Current State of Neighborhood Yakagadzirika?
Munyika dzakabudirira, vanhu vakawanda vakura vakagamuchira mararamiro emazuva ano evanhu vanoita zvisingabatsiri izvo zvinosanganiswa nehuwandu huri pasi hwekuita basa rinoenderera mberi.
Kuwanda kwebasa rekuita rinokurudzirwa nemitemo yakawanda yenyika uye yenyika yose inenge maminitsi makumi matatu ekuenzanisa-kushanda kwepanyama muviri kwemazuva masere kwevhiki. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwekutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti kuramba uchishanda zuva rose ndeimwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzekudzivirira zvirwere zvisingaperi sechirwere chemwoyo, chirwere cheshuga, sitiroko, uye kenza.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vakuru vese havakwanisi kusangana nehuwandu hwehutano hwezuva nezuva hwekuita basa, kunyanya kudururwa kwekugara kushingaira zuva rose. Uye kutsvakurudza kwakawedzerwa kwakaratidza kuti zviri nyore zvehupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ano, sekufambisa nemotokari nematafura emabasa, pamwe chete kutiita kuti tigare tichigara uye zvakare, zvinokonzera kuwandisa kwekuneta.
Chii Chinonzi Urbanism?
Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, Urbanism Idzva inofanirwa kurongeka kwekugarisa mumuguta iyo ine pakati pezvinangwa zvayo kusimbisa hutano hwakanaka uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasununguka mumaguta uye mumaguta.
Sezvakataurwa pa newurbanism.org, "kugadzira nzvimbo dzakanaka dzekunyaradza nekufadzwa kwemufambisi ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru zveNew Urbanism."
Sangano reNew Urbanism rinotsvaga kugadzira maguta "nemitambo yose yemigwagwa-isina mahwindo, inozivikanwa semaguta ekufamba-famba." Nokudaro, nekusimbisa kwayo zvinhu zvinoita kuti maguta ave noushamwari kune vanofamba-famba uye anokurudzira kufamba kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzezuva nezuva, Urongwa Hutsva hweUrbanism hunogona kuita mizinga yakakwirira yebasa rekuita muviri chikamu chechiitiko chezuva nezuva.
Vatsigiri veNew Urbanism chinyorwa chokuti "kukwanisa kuenda kune kugoverana kwezvitoro, maresitorendi, mabhizimusi, mabhuku ewaini uye mabhizimusi akazaruka mukati memharaunda dzisina motokari uye nzvimbo dzebasa dzinopa hukuru hwehupenyu."
Vamwe vakatoshevedza nzvimbo dzose dzomumaguta kuti dzive chete dzinofamba netsoka, dzichibatanidza zvakananga nechitima chekutakura kwenguva refu.
Chii Chinonzi Design Design Movement?
Nezvinangwa zvakadai seNew Urbanism, Active Design, maererano neCent for Active Design, "uchapupu hunotungamirirwa nehutano hunoratidza kugadzirisa kuguta kweguta nekugadzirisa matanho ekutsigira hutano hwakanaka."
Zvakare, uku ndiko kushandiswa kwechirevo chekugadzira vavakidzani, mharaunda, uye kunyange zvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai kuti vanhu vanokurudzirwa kuti vave vashandi muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva-sekuda nemitemo yekuvakidzana kwevakakidzani, semuenzaniso.
Zvinofadza kuti, Yakagadzirirwa Yakagadzirirwa kwete kwete chete nehutachiona hwehuputa, asi nehutachiona-zvirwere zvezvirwere zvekare zvakapfuura. Sezvakataurwa neCent for Active Design, Active Design inowedzera "yekutanga kwekugadzirisa hutano hwehupfumi hwevanhu muzana remakore rechi19 sezvinoratidzwa nekuderedza kukuru pakupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapukira."
Muzana remakore remakore rechi19, kuderedzwa kwekuvhara nekusava nekucheneswa kwehutano kwakabatanidzwa nemapurisa uye mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa dzimba kwakaguma nekuderedza kunoshamisa kwezvirwere zvinotapukira zvakadai sechirwere chetachiona, korera, typhoid, nezvimwe.
Zvinotarisirwa kuti, kuburikidza nekushandisa tsvakurudzo yemazuva ano yehutano, sarudzo yekufananidzwa yakadaro inogona kushandiswa munguva yemazuva ano mukurwisana nekuderedza.
Iko Kubatsira Kungaita Sei Kuwedzera Kwekuparara?
Izvo zvinozivikanwa semagariro ekufamba-kufamba kana kufamba mabhasikoro, somuenzaniso-vane mikana yakawanda yehutano huri nani kudarika kutyaira motokari , uye hukuru hwekudzivirira kuneta.
Mune imwe tsvakurudzo yakatarisa kuzvitaurira kwekutaura kwemhepo inoshandiswa (yakarongwa sekutengeserana kwega, kutakura kwevanhu, uye kutakura kwekutakura) mune vanopfuura 15 000 vagari vemuUnited Kingdom, avo vaifamba kuenda kushanda vachishanda uye vachishandisa nzira dzekutakura zvakanyanya kuderera muviri index (BMI) kupfuura avo vakashandisa pamba yekutakura. (Kuchengetedza voga kunogona kusanganisira kutyaira motokari yemoto uye kuisa motokari, somuenzaniso.)
Haasi ivo chete avo vaifamba kana kuti mabhasikoro ose kana imwe yenzira yekushanda - sezvinogona kuita nekushaiwa pakunoshandiswa kwevanhu vose - vane maBrit anodarika, asiwo vane zvikamu zvishoma zvemafuta emuviri zvichifananidzwa nevaya vakazoshanda vachishandisa voga voga motokari. Varume nevakadzi vose vakawanikwa vachikohwa zvikomborero zvekufambisa zvakanyanya .
Chimwe chidzidzo chakatarisa vanhu vanopfuura 100 000 vanogara mumaguta uye mutaundi eOntario, Canada, vakarongeka mimwe nzvimbo yakagadzirwa neStart Smart Walk Score®, iyo vanyori vekudzidza vachirondedzera se "chikwata chinokonzerwa nekugara kwakagadzikana."
Kubva pane iyi Walk Score®, vatsvakurudzi vakaisa nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa nemakositi epositi mune chimwe chezvikamu zvishanu zvezvikwata, "kubva pamotokari-zvichienderana ne" Walker's Paradise. "" Vadzidzi vanoongorora avo vaigara munzvimbo dzinotarisa motokari vakawanikwa vane zvinonyanya kukoshesa kuva kuwandisa kwepamusoro kana kuderera kana zvichienzaniswa nevaya vaigara munzvimbo dze "Walker's Paradise".
Uyezve, vagari ve "Walker's Paradise" nzvimbo dzakashumwa dzichifamba zvakanyanya nekuda kwevashandi pane zvikonzero zvisinganzwisisiki-kufamba kuenda kunotenga, somuenzaniso, pane kungobuda kunze. Iva vagari vakawanikwa vachiyera kuenzana kwe 3.0 kg (6.6 lbs.) Pasi peavo vaigara munzvimbo dzinotarisana nemotokari.
Mukutsvaga kuCanada kuongorora, vatsvakurudzi vakabvunza mu Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) kuti mazinga akakwirira emunharaunda akachengetedzwa akabatanidzwa nemazinga akaderera ekuwandisa kwepamusoro nekurema uye pamwe nekuderera kwechirwere cheshuga munguva yemakore akadzidza (2001 kusvika muna 2012). Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti dzimwe dzidzo dzinodiwa kuti dziongorore uye dzisimbise migumisiro yeAlex Design Design nemitemo yakagadzikana pane zvirwere zvakadai sekurema uye chirwere cheshuga.
Imwe tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti ropa rehutano uye hutano hwakanaka hunovandudzwa kune vanhu vanogara munharaunda dzakagadzirwa. Zvechokwadi, basa rakajeka rekufamba kwezuva nezuva ndeimwe yemararamiro ehupenyu anozivikanwa kuti awedzere kuderedza ropa.
Uye kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza mamwe mararamiro ehutano hwekufamba kwemaminitsi makumi matatu ega-ega: muVa Nurses 'Health Study, somuenzaniso, avo vaifamba nokukurumidza kana kuti vakagadziriswa kuongororwa-masimba emaminitsi makumi matatu nezuva rimwe nerimwe vaine pangozi shoma yekukurumidza kufa kwemoyo mukati pemakore makumi mana ekutevera.
Global Mienzaniso yeMaguta Akakosha
Maererano neNew Urbanism site, zvose Venice, Italy neCopenhagen, Denmark ndiyo mienzaniso yakanaka ye "maguta makuru ekufamba."
Pakati pemaguta makuru enyika, Venice ineyo yakakura kupfuura ose mumigwagwa yenzira iyo isina zvachose yemotokari.
Mugwagwa mukuru weCopenhagen wechechi, Stroget, wakashandurwa kuva mufambi wenzira makore 40 apfuura, uye kubva ipapo, vagadziri veguta vakaramba vachishanda kuchinja guta kubva pakuva motokari-inofanirwa kuva vakawanda vanofamba-famba.
Matanho eCopenhagen varonga vakatora kuti vapedzisire shanduko iyi vanosanganisira kutendesa mamwe magwagwa kuva vanofamba-vanofamba-famba chete, kutenderera mafambiro emigwagwa munzvimbo dzepamusoro, nekusimudzira mabhasikoro senzira huru yekufambisa, nekuvaka kumwero "wakaoma uye wakaderera," zvichireva kudzika-dzika, zvivako zvakanyanyisa zvakakonzerwa.
Aya matanho anoenzanisa nheyo dzeUtsva Urbanism, iyo inotarisira kugadzira nekudzorera "maguta akasiyana-siyana, akasiyana-siyana, akabatanidzwa nemaguta anoita kuti hupenyu hwepamusoro huve hukuru kuburikidza nekupa sarudzo itsva dzekurarama," sezvakataurwa neNew Urbanism site.
Pakati pemaguta muNorth America, avo vane zvikoro zvepamusoro zvinosanganisira maguta eMelika eNew York City (mapfumbamwe 89), San Francisco (86), Boston (81), Philadelphia (78), uye Miami (78).
MuCanada, avo vane Mafambiro Akaisvonaka kupfuura ose vaiva maguta eVancouver (ane zvikamu 78), Toronto (71), uye Montreal (70).
MuUnited States, maguta evanhu vanofamba-famba kupfuura dzimwe nyika uyewo aida kuva avo vane Walk Scores yakakwirira kwazvo, vachisimbisa kunaka kunogadzirwa kwemaguta uye kuronga kweguta kunogona kuva nekutsika. Somuenzaniso, walkscore.com yakaratidza New York, San Francisco, Boston, District of Columbia, uye Philadelphia semaguta mashanu evanhu vanofambira mberi.
Sani Francisco neBoston vakatarisawo mumatunhu mashanu marefu-anofarira maguta.
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