Zvose Zvaunoda Kuziva Nezve Endocrine System
Iyo ye endocrine inosanganisira zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana zviri mumuviri wose. Izvi zvinokonzera mahomoni - makemikari anotumwa anoratidza kuti muviri unoita mabasa anokosha, kazhinji anowirirana nekukura uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi.
Kune marudzi maviri ezvinyorwa mukati me endocrine system.
Zvinyorwa zve Endocrine zvinosanganisira pancreas, thyroid, pituitary uye adrenal glands.
Vanodzika mahomoni avo zvakananga muropa, apo vanoendeswa kunzvimbo yekuita.
Exocrine glands inovhara mahomoni avo zvakananga mumatope. Mienzaniso yeexocrine glands inosanganisira sebaceous, mammary, salivary uye digestive glands.
Mahomoni Anoshanda Sei?
Mafungiro akawanda endocrine anonzwisisa kuwanda kwemahomoni ayo anogadzira kana chinhu chinovabatsira. Kana hutachiona hwehomoni kana hwechirwere hwakadzika uye huri pasi, zvinowanzoita kuti gland rivepo. Kana huwandu huri pamusoro, hucharega kugadzirwa kwehomoni. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi semutauriri wezvakaipa. Zvinyorwa zveMedocrine zvinogonawo kushandiswa zvakananga nekutsvaira kwekutya.
Apo zvinogamuchirwa pamasero echitemukisi zveglanderedo ye endocrine inoshandiswa neimwe hormone, kukwira kwemakemikari zviitiko zvinokonzerwa mukati memusero. Receptors nehomoni zvakanyanya.
Rudzi rumwe chete rwehomoni runokodzera mune imwe nzvimbo yakagamuchira. Kana iyo hormone isina kukwana ichiedza kupinda mune imwe mutezo, hapana kuitika kuchaitika.
Endocrine Glands uye maHormoni Anowedzera
Pituitary Gland - Izvi zvinowanzozonzi "master gland" nekuda kwehuwandu hwemabasa ayo ane chokuita nekugadzirisa muviri uye kugadziriswa kweimbaostasis.
Kune maviri maoresi emapituitary: anterior uye posterior.
The lobe anterior inobereka mahomoni akawanda anosanganisira:
- Prolactin
- Growth hormone
- Funguru inokurudzira hormone
- Luteinizing hormone
- Thyroid inokurudzira hormone
- Adrenocorticotropin hormone
Izvozvo zvinotevera zvakanyarara:
- Anti-diuretic hormone
- Oxytocin
Hypothalmus - I hypothalmus chikamu chiduku cheuropi iyo iri pedyo zvikuru nechechi yepituitary. Inodzora mahomoni anonzi pituitary nokubudisa mahomoni anokonzera kana kudzivisa kusunungurwa. Somuenzaniso, hypothalamus inovanza gonadotropin inobudisa hormone, inokonzera kugadzirwa kwegonadotropins (follicle stimulating hormone uye luteinizing hormone) nepituitary. Inoberekawo corticotrophin ichibudisa hormone, thyrotropin ichibudisa hormone, uye kukura hormone kubvisa hormone.
Chimiro - Gland rinoshandiswa kunyanya muhuduku, thymus inovanza mahomoni anobatsira maitiro ezvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere. Munenge nguva yekuyaruka, mavara ayo anotsiviwa nemafuta uye haasisina kukosha kwechirwere chemuviri.
Pineal Gland - Iyi gland duku iri mukati meuropi inovanza melatonin. Melatonin inowanikwa kuti igadzirise kumuka-kurara.
Utachiona - Utachiona hutachiona hunowanika pamhepo inopinda mukati mehuro.
Inobereka thyroxin (T4) uye tri-iodothyronine (T3), inozivikanwa kuti igadzirise mastabolism. Inobvumirawo calcitonin , iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza calcium mazinga.
Parathyroid - Zvinyorwa zviduku zvina zviri murotori zvinoumba parathyroid. Vanobudisa hormone parathyroid . Kuvharidzirwa kwaro kunodzora mazinga e calcium uye phosphorus mumuviri.
Adrenal Glands - Kune zvipembenene zviviri zvezere, imwe inowanikwa pamusoro pempiro imwe neimwe. Chimwe chezvipembenene zvakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zviviri, cortex uye medulla, iyo ine mabasa akasiyana kwazvo.
Mahomoni anokonzerwa ne cortex anokosha muupenyu uye anosanganisira glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids uye mamwe mahomoni evanhukadzi, sezvakaita androgens uye zvishoma zve estrogen .
Iyo adrenal medulla inovanza mahomoni asina kukosha muupenyu uye anosanganisira zvose epinephrine uye norepinephrine.
Pancreas - Ipancreas igoro guru mumimba inovhara insulini uye glucagon. Aya mahomoni maviri anokosha mukugadzirisa nekuchengetedza huwandu hwemashuga eropa. Glucagon inokurudzira chiropa kuti ibudise glucose yakawanda mumuviri, asi insulin inokonzera masero emitumbi kuti atore glucose yakawanda.
Ovharasi - Inowanika muvakadzi chete, izvi zviduku zviduku zviviri zvinobudisa isrogen, progesterone uye inhibin. Estrogen uye progesterone ndiyo inotakura mahara hormone anokonzera vazhinji vevakadzikadzi vechipiri zvepabonde. Inhibin inonzi hormone inodzora maitiro e follicle anokonzera hormone, iyo inotungamirira kukura kweii.
Miedzo - Iviri yezvipembenene zvinowanikwa mumarume chete, mashete secrete testosterone, iyo inonzi hormone inokonzerwa nehutachiona hwepabonde.
Chii Chinoitika Nokugadzikana kweEctocrine?
Chero nguva iyo imwe yehomoni idzi isingakwanisi, mamwe akawanda maitiro, glands uye hormone zvinogona kuchinjwa. Vakadzi vane polycystic ovary syndrome , somuenzaniso, vanogona kuratidza kushanduka muhutano hunokonzera hormone, luteinizing hormone, androgens (testosterone) uye insulin, iyo inogona kuchinja iye yeserogen mazinga. Kuchinja kweimwe yemaroni iyi kunogona kukonzera kuchinja mukurema, kushandiswa kwemetabolism uye simba.
Sources:
SEER Training Training Modules, The Endocrine System. US National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. Yakapinda musi waNovember 28, 2009. http://training.seer.cancer.gov
The Endocrine System: Diseases, Aina dzeHormone & More. The Hormone Foundation. Yakapinda musi waNovember 28, 2009. http://www.hormone.org/endo101.