Chirongwa Chekuvhiya
Kuvhiya inzira yekupa kurapa kuburikidza nekuvhura mumuviri. Nenzira, izvi zvaireva kugadzirisa nekuita maitiro, kana kuongorora chikamu chakakanganiswa chemuviri, kuburikidza nekukanganiswa ikoko. Kuvhiya kwakachinja zvikuru mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, zvakanyanya zvokuti mamwe mavhivhi haafaniri kushandiswa, uye kuti kufambira mberi kwakakurumidza kunogona kusiyira varwere kunzwa kuti vakavhiringidzika nehuwandu uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwemashoko anowanikwa.
Kana iwe wakamboudzwa kuti unoda kuvhiyiwa, kana kuti iwe unofanira kufungidzira kuva nekuvhiyiwa, iwe unogona kunge une mibvunzo yakawanda uye iwe ungatonzwa unotyisidzirwa nekuita. Kunyange zvazvo kuronga kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuomesa mwoyo uye kwakaoma pane dzimwe nguva, chokwadi ndechokuti vanopfuura mamiriyoni veAmerica vane nzira yekuvhiya yakabudirira vhiki imwe neimwe, uye pavanoronga kuvhiyiwa kunogona kushungurudza, kazhinji kacho nhanho inoenda kune utano hwakanaka uye hukama hwakanaka.
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Muviri Asymmetry: Sei Mumwe Achipa Rufu Kana Chifuva Chikuru?
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Kubatana kweKubatanidzwa Twin Separation Surgery
Kazhinji Inoshandiswa Kuvhiya Mito
Usati watanga kuronga chirwere chako, iwe unofanirwa kuve uchiziva mamwe mazwi ekugadzirwa kwenguva refu kuitira kuti unzwisise zviri nani chirongwa chekuita kwako. Heano mamwe mazwi anowanzoshandiswa apo chirwere chiri kurongwa:
Inpatient Surgery: Iyi ndiyo nzira inoitwa muchipatara nekutarisira kuti murwere achagara usiku humwechete kwezuva rimwe chete.
Kurapa Kwemazuva Ano kana Kuvhima Kwemazuva Ano: Nzira yacho inowanikwa muchipatara kana chirwere chekuvhiya nekutarisira kuti murwere achaenda kumusha mushure mekumuka zvachose kubva kune anesthesia.
Minimally Invasive (Laparoscopic) Kuvhiya: Iyi inyanzvi itsva yokuvhima uko pane zvinyorwa zvishomanana zviduku zvinogadzirwa, panzvimbo yezvokuvhiya zvekare zvinoshandiswa. Mhando iyi yekuvhiya inowanzodikanwa nguva shomanana yekudzoka pane imwechete nzira inoshandisa kuvharwa kukuru.
Kuvhura / Kuvhiya Kwemagariro: Nzira yekugara yakashandiswa yekushandisa imwe chete, yakazara-refu kutengesa kuita chirongwa.
Robotic Surgery: Robot inoshandiswa pakuvhiya , uye chiremba anovhiya "maoko" erobhoti. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kakawanda kana kunyange kufamba zvishoma kwemaoko kunogona kuchinja mugumisiro wechirongwa chacho, sezvo "ruoko" rwe robot ruchiwedzera kupfuura ruoko rwevanhu.
Kusarudzira Kuvhiya: Ichi chirwere chisina kudiwa pakurapwa. Kuvhiya kwakasarudzwa kunoitwa nekusarudzwa uye kunogona kunge kuve zvipfeko zvakakwana, kana kuvandudza hupenyu asi kwete zvachose zvakakosha.
Chisarudzo Chokuvhiya
Kana uri kufunga nezvekuvhiyiwa, iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoda angave ane chiremba mune zvekurapa, kana iwe ungasave wakagutsikana nechitarisiko chako.
Iwe unogona kunge uri kurwadziwa kunogona kubviswa nehutano, kana hupenyu hwako hungawedzerwa nekupindira kwokuvhiya. Izvi zvikonzero, uye zvizhinji, zvinotungamirira vanhu kuvhiyiwa zuva rega rega.
Kune varwere vasina chokwadi kuti vanoda kuvhiyiwa, rwechipiri pfungwa chinhu chinoshamisa. Izvi, chokwadi, zvinosanganisira kutaurirana kune chiremba wechipiri kuti aone zvaanorayira semushonga. Zvinogona kuonekwa zvisina musoro kuona chiremba chiremba pamusoro pokusavhiyiwa, asi kune mumwe munhu anoda kuvhiyiwa chero zvese, kutaura nechiremba anogona kuwedzera pane kutsvaga dzimwe nzira pane kuronga nzira. Mashoko akanaka ekuvhiya varwere, pasinei nokuti vanoda kuvhiyiwa kana kusarudza imwe nzira, ndiyo iyo Medicare, Medicaid, uye zvirongwa zvakawanda zvehushuwarisi zvichabhadhara chikamu chechipiri.
Kune varwere vechokwadi havadi kuvhiyiwa, vachiti kwete hazvo zvakakodzera. Kune dzimwe nguva apo nzira inogona kuva nemafaro, asi murwere haadi kuda kupinda nenzira yezvikonzero zvake.
Kutaura kuti kwete kuvhiyiwa ndiyo kodzero yevarwere vose, uye kunyange zvingaita kuti musabvumirana nemhuri neshamwari, sarudzo ndeyemurwere pakupedzisira.
Kune vamwe, kutora nzira shoma isina kuvhiringidza kunogona kusarudzwa. Varwere vakawanda vanoona kuvhiyirwa senzira yekupedzisira, panzvimbo yekusarudza kwavo kokutanga mukurapwa. Kune ava varwere, kurapwa kwepanyama, mishonga, mararamiro emararamiro, uye mamwe maitiro ekupindira angasarudzwa.
The Phases of Surgery
Kuvhiya kunowanzoputsika muzvikamu zvinobatsira boka iro mabasa anoda kupedzerwa panguva yakatarwa. Pane zvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha:
- Preoperative ndiyo nhanho inotanga nekufungisisa chirwere uye inopera kusvikira nzira yacho.
- Iko inoshandiswa nharaunda ndiyo nzira yacho pachayo, kubva pakupinda muimba yekushanda kusvikira yaenda.
- Chikamu chinonzi postoperative chinotanga apo chirwere ichi chapera uye kupora kunotanga.
Izwi perioperative rinoreva chiitiko chose chekuvhiya uye chinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu zvitatu.
The Preoperative Phase: Asati Avhiya
Izvo zvinoshandiswa kare, kana nguva isati yasvika, ndiyo mukana wako wakanaka wekugadzirira nekugadzirira kuva nemigumisiro yakanakisisa kubva pakuvhiya kwako.
Iyi ndiyo nguva yaunopedza nguva uchitsvakurudza chiremba wechiremba akanaka pane zvehutano hwako, uine chokwadi chekusarudza chiremba anonyatsokwanisa kuita chirwere chako.
Iwe uchasangana nechiremba wako chiremba uye anesthesia mupi . Iyi ndiyo apo iwe uchapiwa mukana kubvunza mibvunzo yaunoda kupindurwa kuti uite chisarudzo chakadzidziswa mushure mekudzidza pamusoro pezvinetso zvekuvhiyiwa . Iwe unogona kukurukura rudzi rweaneshesia iwe uchagamuchira, njodzi dzeiyo anesthesia , uyo ari kugovera, apo kuvhiyiwa kuchaitwa, uye izvo zvaunogona kutarisira kuitika panguva yekudzoka kwako. Izvi ndizvo zvakare apo iwe uchatsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekuvhiya uye uone kana chirwere ichi chisarudzo chakanaka kwauri.
Iwe uchazofanirawo kutora nguva yekugadzirira mari yehutano hwako, uine chokwadi chekuti uri kunyanya kushandisa yako inshuwarheni yekugadzirira, kugadzirira kuenda kwebasa kubva kubasa, uye kuve nechokwadi kuti wakagadzirira kutora nguva kubva kubasa kana kuti usina kubhadhara . Iwe unogona kushanda pamwe nechipatara kana chirwere chekuvhiya kuti uone mari inotarisirwa yekugadzirisa , kuve nechokwadi kuti inosanganisira chero zvakavanzwa mari dzisingagoni kuiswa mumutemo wekutanga-wakadai seanesthesia-dzinofungidzirwa. Inishuwarensi yako inogona kubhadhara chikamu chepamusoro chebhadha pane imwe nzvimbo uye zvishoma kune imwe; usanonoka kudana wako inshuwarisi uye unobvunzurudza nezvemazana ehuwandu hwehupfumi. Kana iwe usina inshuwarisi , iwe unoda kushanda pamwe chete nechipatara uye chiremba wezvechiremba kuti ugadzire mari.
Kune vamwe, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kutoda kugadzirirwa mupfungwa. Vamwe varwere havana chido chokukudziridza unyanzvi hwekugadzirisa kubata zvido zvekuvhiyiwa, asi vamwe vanoda kushanda kuti vagadzirire ivo pachavo nokuda kwekuvhiyiwa pachavo, pamwe chete nechikamu chekudzorera. Vana vanowanzoda rubatsiro kugadzirira kuvhiyiwa nenzira isingatungamiri kune kutya uye kuzvidya mwoyo, uye izvo zvakakodzera nguva yavo uye kukwanisa kunzwisisa nheyo yehutano.
Kunze kwokusarudza chirwere chechiremba chaiyo, kugadzirira mumuviri kunogona kuva chinhu chakakosha pane chirwere chekuvhiya chinogona kuita kuti chinakidze kubudirira kwacho chirwere uye kuti nokukurumidza chirongwa chokudzorera chinoguma sei. Izvi zvinoreva kugadzirisa hutano hwako munzira dzose. Kubvira pakusiya kusvuta nekuita nguva dzose maitiro uye nekuvandudza kudzora chirwere cheshuga , kupinda muchiremba sehutano sezvinobvira kunogona kureva kugara kwenguva pfupi kuchipatara, kubudirira kwenguva yakareba kubudirira, nekukurumidza kudzokera kumabasa echiitiko.
Ino inguvawo nguva yekugadzirira kudzoka kumba kubva pakuvhiyiwa. Izvi zvingava zvisina hanya kune vanhu vane chirwere chechidiki chinenge chiri kunze, asi kuvanhu vanozosimuka pamakumbo kana kupedza mazuva anoverengeka muchipatara, vachironga kuti vadzoke kumba kusati kwaitika zvinoreva kureruka zvakanyanya. Kuronga kwako kuchave kwakasiyana nezvido zvako. Kune vamwe, zvinoreva kutsvaga imbwa sitter; kune vamwe vanosimudza mitemo, zvinoreva kureva mumwe munhu kuti avabatsire kutakura zvinhu; mumwe munhu ane chiremera chekutyaira achada rubatsiro runomhanya.
The Operative Phase: Panguva yekuvhiya
Iyi chikamu chekuvhiya ndeye anesthesia uye nzira chaiyo yekuvhiya. Ichi chikamu chinotanga paunopinda mukamuri yekushandira uye unoguma kana nzira yacho yapera uye aneshesia inomira. Urongwa hwako huchabhadhara muchikamu chebasa apo chiremba wechiremba uyo ari nyanzvi yekupa rubatsiro rwaunoda uye anesthesia anopa uyo anonzwisisa zvido zvako zvakasiyana-siyana anoita chiito chako.
The Postoperative Phase: Mushure mekuvhiya
Ichi chikamu chinotanga apo nzira yako inoguma. Iwe uchaendeswa kunharaunda yeimba iyo yauchadzoka kubva pakuvhiyiwa, uko vazhinji vanoshamisika kuziva kuti nzira yacho yapera. Ichi chikamu chinoenderera mberi kusvikira wapora zvakanyanyisa kubva pakuvhiyiwa. Kune vamwe izvo zvinoreva kuenda kumusha uye kutora pasi; kune vamwe, kugadziriswa kwechimiro chechimiro chepanyama uye chirongwa chebasa chinogona kudiwa.
Chinetso chikuru icho varwere vakawanda vanotaura mushure mekunge opera chirwere ndechekutya kurwadziwa kukuru mushure mekuitwa. Kutambura kwepfungwa kunowanzogadziriswa nechiremba, uye apo marwadzo anowanzovapo mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekutarisana nadzo, kudzivirira, uye kubata marwadzo anokwanisa kuchinja zvakanyanya ruzivo rwako. Kutambura kunobatsira kunowanzochengetwa nechiremba, uyo achapa mitsara (kana zvichidikanwa) uye mazano ekuregererwa kwekutambudzika apo murwere ari kubudiswa.
Urombo chinhu chinonyengera, uye kupererwa kwakakwana kwekununura kunokosha pakudzivirira pneumonia, kusangana kwakafanana mushure mekuvhiyiwa mune varwere vanodzivisa kudzikoma nekuda kwekutambudzika. Pane dzimwe nyaya dzinowanzoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa, zvakadai sekudzikwa, izvo zvakawanda zvingadziviswa.
Ziva kwaunoronga kuti uwanezve. Kune vamwe, kugara muchinzvimbo chekugadzirisa hutachiwana hwehutano hwepanyama uye chirongwa chekuita basa chinorongwa; kune vamwe, kugara muimba yaidiwa kwemazuva mashomanana ndiyo rubatsiro rwavanoda. Kuziva kuti kutora kwako kuchaita kwenguva yakareba sei uye kwaunenge uchida kuitika kuchabatsira nekufungidzira rubatsiro ruchadikanwa.
Chinangwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kazhinji kadzo kudzokera kune imwechete basa rawaiva naro vasati vavhiyiwa, kana kuti kunyange zviri nani. Mumwe munhu akadzivisa kufamba nekuda kwekutambudzika angazviwana ivo vachifamba kwenguva refu mushure mokunge vadzoka kubva kumabvi ekuvhiyiwazve, uye chirwere chechipatara varwere vanogona kuzviwana ivo vachiverenga mamwe mabhuku.
> Sources:
> Kechipiri maonero asati avhiyiwa. Yakasvika munaSeptember, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/part-b/second-opinions-before-surgery.html
> Medicare Coverage of Skilled Nursing Facilities. Yakasvika munaSeptember, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/Pubs/pdf/10153.pdf
> Kurapa Kuongoredza Mari. Yakasvika munaSeptember, 2016. https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/surgery-estimating-costs.html