Zvine Mamiriyoni 29 Asina Utano Inishuwarenzi muna 2016
Muna 2013, maererano neU.S. Census data, pane 41.8 mamiriyoni evanhu vasiri vakwegura vasina kuvimbiswa muUnited States. Pakazosvika 2016, nhamba iyoyo inofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 29. Izvozvo zvakakosha kuderera, asi zvine musoro kushamisika kuti nei kune vanhu vakawanda vasina inshuwalhu yehutano.
Inotengeswa Care Care Act yakagadzwa muna 2010, uye zvakawanda zvayo zvakagadziridzwa zvakaitwa pakati pa2014 na2016.
Kuti varege kupiwa chirango, vashandi vakura zvino vanofanirwa kupa zvikwereti zvisingakwanisi nguva yavo yakazara (30+ maawa nevhiki) vashandi. Vanhu vanofanirwa kuchengetedza utano hwehutano inshuwarheni kana kuti kutarisana nemhosva pamitero yavo inoshandiswa. Kubhadhara mari yepamusoro uye kubhadhara mari mari inoshandiswa mukutengeserana kunoita kugoverwa uye kutarisirwa zvakanyanya kutengesa vanhu vane mari yepakati. Uye kuwedzerwa kweMedicaid kunoita pachena-kana kuti zvisingabhadharwi-kugoverwa kunowanikwa kumhuri dzakaderera-mhuri.
Saka sei zvichiri kuongororwa vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri vasina inshuwarhu yehutano muUnited States? Nhamba iyoyo inofanana nekuongorora kwakaitwa neAACA Signups muna March 2016. Uye kunyange zvazvo iri pasi pevanhu vane mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu vasina kuvimbiswa muna 2014 maererano neSADC Census data, inofanana neC Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) 2012 inoratidzira kuti pachava nemamiriyoni makumi matatu evanhu vasiri vakura vemuUnited States vasina inshuwarhu yehutano muna 2022 ( Dunhu rine chokuita nehuwandu hwevanhu vasina inshuwarhu yehutano inowanzoreva vanhu vasiri vanhu vakwegura, sezvo Medicare inowedzera vanhu vakawanda kana vachisvika makore 65).
Kunyange pamberi peDare Repamusorosoro rakatonga mugore ra2012 kuti ACA's Medicaid kuwedzerwa kwaizova kukodzera kwehurumende, CBO yakanga ichitaura kuti paizove nemamiriyoni 27 vasiri vati vasiri vagari vasiri vemuUnited States muna 2022. Vatongi nevatongi vaiziva kubvira pakutanga iyo ACA yaizoita hurumende yakawanda muhuwandu hwevasati vabatsiri vemuUnited States (uye inenge iine), pangadai zvichiri kuine mamiriyoni evanhu vasina hutano hwehutano hwekuchengetedza makore mashoma mushure mekuzadzikisa kushanda kwemutemo.
Heano zvimwe zvezvikonzero izvo ACA haina kukonzera kuhutano hwehutano hwehutano muUnited States:
Vasingazivikanwi Vakabva kune dzimwe nyika
IAACA haina kupa chero hupi hwehutano hwehutano hwehutano hwevasingazivikanwi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Havasi ivo chete vanogona kuwana kuwana rubatsiro, vanorambidzwa kubhadhara muchirongwa chekutsinhanisa zvachose, kunyange kana vakakwanisa kubhadhara mutengo wakakwana wekugoverwa (California yakapa mutemo muna 2016 unobvumira vasina kutumirwa vatorwa kuzotenga zvizere- mutengo wekugoverwa muCalifornia shanduko, asi hurumende inofanira kuwana kuregererwa kubva kuhurumende yehurumende kuitira kuti ishandise urongwa uhwu). Vasingatauri vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanodziviswawo kuti vawane Medicaid.
Kaiser Family Family inofungidzirwa muna 2013 kuti kune mamiriyoni 4,8 asina kubvumirwa kune vakabva kune dzimwe nyika vasina uninsured, vachiverengera vanenge 15 muzana yevasingabatsiri vagari vemo.
Penalty Exemptions uye Kushaya Kuteerera
Kunyange zvazvo ACA inotarisirwa kugoverana (aka, "mutemo wega") inoda kuti vese vagari vomuUnited States varambe vachichengetedza hutano hwehutano kana kutarisana nechirango, pane rurefu ruregerero rwekuregererwa kubva kune chirango, uye IRS haina zvishoma munzira yekushandisa kuti asimbise chirango kana icho chichishanda.
Mukutanga kwegore ra2016, IRS yakaratidza kuti mamiriyoni 7,9 ematare emitero aiiswa pasi pemunhu akagoverwa mutoro wekutengesa nokuti vakanga vasina kuvimbiswa muna 2014, asi mamwe mamiriyoni 12,4 emitero akanga asingabhadharwi kurangwa, pasinei nekusabvumirwa muna 2014.
Chirango chinofanirwa kunge chiri "tsvimbo," apo ACA inopa rubatsiro ndiyo "karoti." Asi sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, vanhu vasingabatsiri vangave vakakwanisa kuwana rubatsiro pane kuti vazviise pasi pechirango. Uye kunyange kana chirango chichishanda (kureva kuti, mutero wemutero haikwanise kubhadhara chero ipi zvayo yekuregererwa ), IRS haikwanise kushandisa maitiro ayo anowanzogadzirisa kutora chirango.
Vanogona kuzvidzivirira kubva pakubhadharwa kune chikwereti chemutero (kana kubhadharwa kune chikwereti mune ramangwana gore), asi havagoni kushandisa zvikwata, mitero, kana kupomerwa mhosva, nenzira yavanogona nayo nemamwe marudzi emitero isina kubhadharwa mutero. Somugumisiro, chirango chekusava nehuwandu chinoonekwa nevamwe sechinhu chakanaka, vachifunga kuti vanogadzira mitero yavo kuitira kuti ivo vasatombobhadhara kubhadharazve.
Zvechokwadi, kusava nekusimbiswa nekuzviwana iwe mukudiwa kwekurapa kwakanyanya dambudziko rakakomba, asi nhamba isiri-isina kunyanya yevaAmerica vasina kuvimbiswa vari kusarudza kuyambuka bhiriji iyo kana uye pavanosvika ikoko, nokuti mari yepayimusi vaizofanira kubhadhara inshuwalhu yehutano inopfuura izvo zvavanofunga kuti zvinodhura.
The Coverage Gap
IAACA yaida kuti hurumende yose iwedzere kudiwa kweMedicaid yekuwana mari ye 138 muzana yehurombo huri (133 muzana, pamwe ne5% muhomwe yekusagamuchira). Nyika dzichaenderera mberi dziine hurumende yezvematongerwo enyika yakaparadzaniswa yevanhu veMedicaid iyo yakanga yatotenderwa kusati yatanga kuwedzera, asi kutanga muna 2014, hurumende yehurumende ichabhadhara mari yakazara yekufukidza vanhu vachangobva kukodzera. Pakazosvika 2020, iyo inorambidza zvishoma kusvika ku90 muzana, asi hurumende icharamba ichibhadhara 90 muzana mumakore anotevera, apo nyika dzisingabhadhara 10 kubva muzana yemari yekufukidza vanhu vachangobva kukodzera.
Dare Repamusorosoro rakatonga muna 2012 kuti hurumende yehurumende yakanga isingadi kuti nyika dziwedzere Medicaid kuitira kuti dzirambe dzichiwana mari yavo iripo Medicaid mari. Somugumisiro, 19 zviti zvichange zvisati zvawedzera Medicaid. Mune gumi nemakumi mapfumbamwe aya anotaura, gwaro rinoguma rinopararira rinoreva kuti vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni matatu havakwanise kuwana rubatsiro mukutengesa OR Medicaid ( Wisconsin haina kukura Medicaid, asi vanoshandisa mari yehurumende kupa Medicaid kuvanhu vane mari iri pasi pehurombo , saka hapana chinyorwa chokuvhara).
Kusakwanisa Kunzwisisa Pamusoro pezvinhu Zvingawanikwa
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vakasara vasina uninsured vakatarisa zvavakasarudza uye vakasarudza kuti ivo vanodhura zvakanyanya uye / kana kuti havadi kunyora muhuwandu, kunewo vanhu vazhinji vasina chokwadi chezviripo kana kuti zvingabatsira sei ivo.
Pakati pevanhu vakanga vasati vabatsirwe muna 2015, inenge hafu yekodzero dzaive dzakakodzerwa neMedicaid, Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), kana rubatsiro rwemari yepayimusi mukushandura (imwe hafu yaive iri mubasa rekuvhara, risina kubvumirwa nevashambadziri, kana kuti risina kukodzera kubhadhara mari muchikwereti pamusana pekuwana mari kana kupiwa kwavanoshandira kwekugadzirisa zvakakwana). Vamwe vevanhu ava vanoziva rubatsiro rwezvemari rwavanowanikwa uye vakasarudza kuifambisa. Uye vamwe vanobatwa nehutsika hwehutano hwakanaka semhuri inobwinya , izvo zvinoita kuti kuvharidzira kusakanganise. Asi vazhinji havazivi kuti vanogona kuwana rusununguko kana kuti kudhura zvakanyanya kudhura kuburikidza neMedicaid kana CHIP, kana rubatsiro rwepayimusi yekuita pachepa yega yega zvisingakwanisi kudarika zvingave zviripo.
Kana iwe uri pakati pemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemadunhu eUnited States vasati vashandiswa, zviri muchido chako kutarisa pane zvingasarudzwa iwe. Kana iwe uchikodzera kuMedicaid kana CHIP, unogona kunyora chero nguva. Kana iwe uchikwanisa kubhadhara mari inowanikwa mubasa rekushandura, kunyora kunyoresa kwegore ra2017 kunongotenderera pakona-inotanga kuNovember 1, 2016.
> Sources:
> Congressional Budget Office, Inofanirwa neInishuwarenzi Inoshandiswa Mitemo yeChinakidzika Kuchengetedza Mutemo, yakasarudzwa kuChitamende yeChirongwa Chekupedzisira, muna July 2012 .
> Cornell Univerity Law School, Legal Information Institute, National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, Kutaurirana March 26, 27, 28, 2012-Yakasarudzwa June 28, 2012.
> Kaiser Family Foundation, Zvitsva Zvitsva zvekugadziriswa kweAACA Coverage pakati peUnitedured, musi waJanuary 22, 2016.
> United States Census Bureau, Health Insurance Coverage muUnited States: 2014.