Nhoroondo yeKarbon Monoxide Poisoning

Mazano Okuvandudza Zvidzivirire Iwe Nemhuri Yako

Carbon monoxide poisoning inowanikwa apo iwe unofema mune carbon monoxide yakawandisa (CO), gasi risina kuchena, risina kunakirwa rinobudiswa nokupisa kwemafuta. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira misoro, chizivi, utera, kurutsa, kurwadziwa kwepfupa, nekuvhiringidzika. Kuvhiringidzwa kwakanyanya kweCOC kunogona kutungamirira kukusava nemwoyo kunokanganisa, kukanganisa, kusaziva, uye kunyange rufu.

Carbon monoxide poisoning inogona kuongororwa ine CO-oximeter, iyo isiri iyo inoparadza iyo inotanidza CO masanganisi muropa. Kurapa kunowanzobatanidza oksijeni yakamanikidzwa inowanikwa kuburikidza nemasikisi asina kushambadzira. Matambudziko akakura angada kurapwa mune imwe nzvimbo yeropa inopisa oksijeni.

Carbon monoxide poisoning inowanzowanikwa muUnited States uye inenge 20 000 inzvimbo yekukurumidza inopinda mukamuri gore negore. Iyo inogona kunyanya kudzivirirwa neine mari shoma asi yakashanda inogadzira carbon monoxide alamu inowanikwa mumba.

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Zviratidzo

Carbon monoxide poisoning icharatidza nezviratidzo muzvikamu zvemuviri zvinoda oksijeni zvikuru, iyo iyo mwoyo uye central central nervous system (CNS) . Zviratidzo zvokutanga zvinowanzobatanidza kushungurudza, malaise, kuneta, uye kusina musoro asi kunopfurikidza musoro.

Sezvo CO ichiri kuramba ichivaka mumaropa, kupera kwe okisijeni mumasukisi kuchaita kuti kuve nekuwedzera kuwedzera kwezviratidzo, kusanganisira:

• Chizutu
• Kusuruvara kwemhepo ( dyspnea )
• Chipfuva chepfu
• Kudzora
• Izvo zvisina kufanira mwoyo wekuita ( arrhythmia ) kana kukurumidza kwema moyo ( tachycardia )
• Nzvimbo isina kugadzikana
• Kusanganiswa
• Kupera kwemazinga ekufema
• Deredza kutara kwemwoyo
• Delirium
• Kugumburwa
• Kusanzwisisa

Rufu kazhinji runowanzoitika semugumisiro wekudzivirira kuporesa .

Kunyangwe mushure mekunge munhu apora chirongwa che CO chekushaya chepfu, kune ngozi yekusagadzikana kwenguva refu uye yekusagadzikana kwepfungwa, kusanganisira zvinetso zvepamusoro, kushungurudzika, kuora mwoyo, kushungurudzika kwekutaura, kukanganisika kwemaonero, kuora mwoyo, uye zviratidzo zvakadai sezvirwere zvePasinson.

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Zvinokonzera

Carbon monoxide inopinda nyore mumuviri kuburikidza nemapapu. Sezvo CO inotamirwa muropa, inenge yakasarudzwa inoshandisa hemoglobin , puroteni iri mumasero matsvuku eropa anotarisirwa kutakura oksijeni mumuviri wose. Nokuita kudaro, CO inodzivirira oksijeni kuti irege kusvika kumatumbu uye masero anoshaiwa kuti ararame.

Carbon monoxide inowanikwa nehupenyu hwekupisa. Kazhinji zviitiko zvehupfu hunokonzerwa nekuputika kwegesi sezvo inokurumidza kuunganidzwa munzvimbo yakakomberedzwa (kazhinji nekuda kwekuvhiringidza kwakaipa).

Zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa zveCOC zvinosanganisira:

• Wood-burning stoves
• Imba moto
• Motokari inopedza moto
• Gasi kana propane stoves uye grills
• Charcoal grills uye hibachis
• Unvented propane, parafini, kana kuti gesi nzvimbo inopisa
• Gas generator-power generator
• Zvipfeko zvegesi zvakaoma

Kutasva kumashure kwekarori yemoto ndiyo inowanzokonzera carbon monoxide chepfu muvana. Saizvozvowo, kuvhara motokari yako munguva yechando kunogona kutyisa vatengesi kana iyo pombi inopera yakavharwa nechando. Ichokwadi, chero ruzivo rwemhepo inopisa mumotokari kana muchikepe rinogona kubvumira CO kuti ifukidze mukati.

Carbon monoxide chepfu inogonawo kuitika nemaune. Maererano nekutsvakurudza kwakabudiswa muna Annal weAmerica Thoracic Society, 831 kuzviuraya muna 2014 zvakaguma nekbon carbon monoxide chepfu, zvichibva pamotokari yemotokari kana kuti moto unogona kupisa mumba.

Nezvo zvichitaura, kuzviuraya nenzira iyi kwave kuri kuderera kubva muna 1975 apo mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika waitaura kuiswa kwevashanduri vechivande mumotokari dzose.

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Kuziva

Kunze kwekunge kabhoni monoxide ichizivikanwa sechikonzero chezviratidzo zvako, zvinogona kunge zvisinganyatsozivikanwi paunosvika pane imwe nzvimbo yekukurumidzira. Saka zvakakosha, saka, kurayira chiremba ER zvekufungira kwako kana iwe uchidavira CO inobatanidzwa.

Kuongororwa hakusi nyore. Inosanganisira purogiramu isingaiti, iyo inonzi CO-oximeter, inogona kuiswa pamunwe wako, zvigunwe, kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri. Ioximeter ine madiodhi maviri anobudisa zviedza zvakasiyana zvewavelengths. Chiyero chechiedza chinoshandiswa nemaviri chinogona kutaurira vanachiremba kuti yakawanda sei carboxyhemoglobin (iyo yakagadzirwa neCI inosunga uye hemoglobin) iri muropa.

Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai, iwe unenge uine zvishoma pasi pechishanu muzana carboxyhemoglobin kana uchienzaniswa nehemoglobin isina. Utachiona hunoitika kana uwandu huri pakati pe10 ne30 muzana. Rufu runogona kuitika paanopfuura 30 muzana.

Nguva dzose mapurisa oximeter haabatsiri sezvo asingakwanisi kusiyanisa pakati pe carboxyhemoglobin uye oxyhemoglobin (iyo yakagadzirwa nechisungo che oksijeni nehemoglobin).

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Kurapa

Kana ikakoni monoxide inouraya inofungidzirwa, iyo yekutanga yekuita ndeyekuzvibvisa iwe nevamwe kubva kunzvimbo yeCO Kunyange kana zviratidzo zvinyoro, kurapwa kwekukurumidzira kunofanira kutsvakwa.

Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira kutungamirirwa kweakisijini yakamanikidzwa kuburikidza nemasikisi asina kushambadzira. Nokuwedzera maokisijeni mazinga muropa, CO inogona kubviswa kubva mumuviri kanomwe zvakakurumidza kupfuura iyo pachayo. Iyo oxygenation inogona kuputsa carboxyhemoglobin uye kusunungura hemoglobin zvakare muropa.

Mumatambudziko akaoma, imba inopisa inogona kushandiswa, iyo inogona kutora 100% okisijeni munzvimbo yakasimba-yakaoma. Hyperbaric oksijeni inobvisa CO kubva muropa kanenge kaviri zvakakurumidza kupfuura okisijeni inowanikwa pane zvinowanzoitika mumhepo. Inobvumirawo okisijeni kuti iwedzere kupfuvura hemoglobin uye inonunurwa zvakananga kumatomu.

Mukuwedzera kune oksijeni, mamwe marapirwo angada kudiwa, kusanganisira:

• Cardiac upenyu hutsigiro hwekutakura zvirongwa zvekuita
• Intravenous fluids kuti iite hypotension
• Intravenous sodium bicarbonate kupora metabolic acidosis (inovaka-up yeacids muropa nekuda kwekubviswa kweimpempa basa)
• Valium (diazepam) kana Dantrium (dantrolene) kugadzirisa kuparara
• Vasopressor mishonga yekuisa mitsipa yeropa uye kugadzirisa kuora mwoyo kwemabasa

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Kudzivirira

Nzira inoshanda zvikuru yekudzivirira mumusha ndiyo carbon monoxide alarm. Zvinowanikwa zviri nyore paIndaneti uye mune zvicherwa zvakawanda, zvichibva mumutengo kubva $ 20 nokuda kwekuvhara mu-plug-in kusvika ku $ 80 nokuda kwesangano reKO / fodya.

Mutengi weUnited States Product Commission Commission (CPSC) anorayira kuti musha umwe neumwe unenge imwe CO detector uye zvichida mumwe wepasi rimwe nerimwe.

Pakati pemamwe mazano anobatsira ekuchengetedza:

• Iva nechokwadi chekuti gasi yako midziyo yakanyatsoendeswa.
• Ita yako inotonhora, mvura inopisa mvura, uye chero ipi zvayo yemafuta-kana moto-moto unoshandiswa nevegadziri gore negore.
• Usamboshandisa jenereta yemagetsi mukati meimba, garaji, kana pasi pemaminitsi makumi maviri kubva kune rimwe hwindo, musuo, kana kuti kubuda.
• Ita kuti chimbuzi chako chiongorore uye chinatswa gore negore.
• Vhura nzvimbo yekudzima moto usati wavhenekera moto uye zvakanaka shure kwekudzimwa.
• Usamboshandisa ganda regesi kuti upise imba yako.
• Usamborega rega motokari isina basa mugaraji.
• Ziva zviratidzo zve carbon monoxide chepfu.

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Shoko Rinobva

Kana kamu yako yekomboni monoxide inopera, usambofungidzira kuti iyo inyema kunyange kana usina zviratidzo. Nokuti CO haina kunakidza uye isina kunaka, unofunga kufunga kuti njodzi ndeyechokwadi uye kutora chiito chakakodzera.

Chokutanga uye chakakosha, usatsvake mhepo yegesi. ICPSC panzvimbo ino inokurudzira kuti iwe:

• Pakarepo uende kunze mukati memhepo itsva.
• Danai dhipatimendi remoto, mabasa ekukurumidzira, kana 911.
• Ita nhamba yepamusoro kuti uongorore kuti uone kuti munhu wese akaverengwa.
• Usadzokororazve chivako chacho kusvikira vaparidzi vanokurumidza kukupa mvumo yekuita izvozvo.

> Sources:

> Hampson, N .; Piantodosi, C ;; Thom, S. et al. Dzidzira Mazano Mukurapa, Kutungamira, nekudzivirira kweCarbon Monoxide Poisoning. Amer J Respirator Crit Care Med. 2012; 186 (11). DOI: 10.1164 / rccm.201207-1284CI.

> Hampson, NUS Kufa Nemhaka yeCarbon Monoxide Poisoning, 1999-2014. Rufu Rwakangoerekana Rwakangwara uye Rwakangwara. Annal Amer Thoracic Soc. 2016; 13 (4): 1768-74. DOI: 10.1513 / AnnalsATS.201604-318OC.

> Consumer US Product Safety Commission. Carbon Monoxide Fact Sheet. Bethesda, Maryland.