Zvinhu izvi zvakashata zvakabva kupi, zvakadaro?
Izvo zvinowanzozivikanwa nhasi kuti trans fatty acids (kana kuti mafuta anotapira) hazvina kunaka kune iwe - zvechokwadi zvakashata kupfuura mafuta akazara . Kudya kudya -utano hwakanaka kunoda kuti urege kutora mafuta zvakanyanya. Ichokwadi, muna 2015, FDA yakaraira kuti mafuta anotengesa akanga akaoma zvikuru zvokuti anofanira kubviswa zvachose kubva pakudya kwedu mukati memakore matatu.
Akashamisika kufunga kuti nguva pfupi pfupi yapfuura, munhu wose aitenda zvakasiyana.
Kwakatorwa Mafuta Anotengesa Kupi?
Kusiyana nemafuta akazara uye asina kutengesa, mutengesi wemafuta mune zvokudya zvedu ndeyevanhu.
Trans mafuta yakave yakapoteredza kwemazana emakore uye pakutanga inopinda muchikafu chedu nokuda kwezvikonzero zvehupfumi. Asi ivo ndivo vakangobata zvokudya zvedu nenzira huru apo nyanzvi dzehutano hwehutano dzakasarudza kuti dzakatinakira isu.
Zvisikwa zveTr zvakagadzirwa muma 1890, pamwe nekuita izvo zvishoma zvakanyanya hydrogenated (yakawedzera hydrogen maatomu ku) mafuta asina unsaturated. Apo rinoshandiswa kune mafuta asina miti anokonzerwa nemafuta, ayo ane mvura inowanzoshandura rancid pane imwe nzvimbo yechando, nzvimbo yekunaya mvura yakawanda inoumba chigadzirwa chisina mvura uye kazhinji chakasimba, uye icho chakanyatsogadzikana pane imwe nzvimbo yechando inenge kwenguva yakareba. Saka, zvikamu zviduku zvehydrogened (mafuta, zvinotengesa) zvinogona kushandiswa senzvimbo inonzwisisika inotsiva mafuta akazara muzvokudya zvakashandurwa izvo zvinorehwa kuva nehurefu hwehupenyu.
Vakawana Sei Zvokudya Zvedu?
Muna 1911, Proctor & Gamble vakaziva kukwanisa kwemafuta anotengesa, vakatenga pevha, ndokutanga kuita kuti Crisco ichepere. Kushandiswa kwemafuta ekutengesa mune zvigadzirwa zvezvokudya zvakawedzera kuwedzera kukurudzira munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, apo pakanga paine urombo hwehuti uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yakasimba yemargarine (yakagadzirwa nemafuta anotengesa) yakatorwa.
Asi kupararira kwemafuta ekufambisa muzvokudya zveAmerica kwakanyatsobuda chete apo nyanzvi dzakatarisa kuti yaizovandudza utano hwedu. Izvi zvakaitika mushure mokunge zvadzidzwa muma1950 uye '60s yakazara mafuta inobatanidza nekuwedzera kwemazinga eLDL (akaipa) cholesterol (uye naizvozvo, vakapedzisa, kuwedzerwa kwechirwere chemwoyo).
Yakave ichitaridzwawo kuti mafuta emiriwo - mafuta asina kutengesa - aibatanidzirwa nekuderedzwa kwehushutoriol, uye naizvozvo (zvichida) ane utano.
Nokudaro vadzidzisi vedu vehutano hwehupfumi (vachishandisa chirevo chisingachinjiki chekirasi yezvenzvikokota), vakapedzisa kuti mafuta akazara aifanira kuderedzwa zvakanyanya kubva kuAmerica kudya. Kutarisa-svetuka, vakawana chimiro chakakwana-chigadzirwa chakange chave chakapoteredza makumi emakore, chigadzirwa chinobva kune utano hwemafuta anogadzirwa zvakanaka, kuti, sebhonasi, yakave nezvakanaka zvinoratidzwa nemafuta akazara muzvokudya zvakachinjwa.
Vakawana kutengesa mafuta.
Nyanzvi dzehutano hwehupfumi dzinoita zvavanoita
Zvinonzwisisika, nyanzvi dzehutano hwehutano dzakasarudza kuti mafuta anotengesa anofanirwa kutora mafuta akazara mukati mekudya, kune vose veAmerica.
Kuburikidza nehutano hwavo hwakasiyana-siyana hwehuruzhinji - kunyanya, munyaya iyi, Centre yeScience muHurumende Inofarira (CSPI) - muna 1984 nyanzvi dzakatanga sangano guru revanhu kuita izvo chete, mushandirapamwe unenge uine vanhu vanowanzokarira ) uye avo vanowanzotambudzwa nemakaro ose emakambani (vana vacheche, mabhonji uye akadai).
Indasitiri yezvokudya zveAmerica, iyo yaigara ichizviratidza sevanyori vezvokudya zvakanaka, yakaramba uye yakagamuchirwa pamhosva yekuti vaida kuuraya vatengi vavo. Asi simba guru rinopesana mafuta PR rakaita zvakanaka; munguva shoma shoma, vaparidzi vezvokudya vanovharwa zvachose.
Zvirwere zveTrans zvakakurumidza kuchinja mafuta akazara zvakakwana munenge zvese zvinoshandiswa kudya.
Chigumisiro chakanga chiri icho chinonzi "Snackwell phenomenon," iyo ikozvino-yakashandurwa, yezvoutano-inozivikanwa yezvokudya inogadzira mishonga yose ye "utano" yezvokudya zvekudya zvisingabatsiri mafuta akazara.Asi zvinosuruvarisa, zvaive zvakatakurwa nemakrohydrates akanyanya kushandiswa ( bad carbs), uye mijenya nemafuta akawanda ekutengesa.
IAmerican Heart Association (AHA), iyo inopinda mumusikana, yakawana mari itsva yemari inotora mari iyo yakatanga kupa zvikwereti zvezviyo zve-calorie-uye-trans-mafuta zvakatakurwa (kusanganisira, kunyanya, Frosted Flakes naPap-Tarts) avo vakuru "Mwoyo-Utano" label.
Izvo zvinopfuura kungongopokana chete kuti dambudziko rekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwataona muUnited States raibatsira pamwe chete nekusimudzirwa kweScackwell tsananguro neyanzvi hwedu hwehutano hwehutano, avo vakaramba vachitsvaga njodzi yemafuta akazara akanga asiripo kubva zvitsva zvedu zvitsva zvine utano.
Uh-oh
Uchapupu hwekuti mitambo yekutengesa yakanga isiri yakanaka kuvanhu - uye zvechokwadi yaiva yakaipa kwatiri - chaizvoizvo yakatanga kuunganidza zvakanaka zvisati zvaitika muna 1984. Asi uchapupu huno hutambudza hwakanga husina mukana hunopesana ne "sayansi yakagadzikana" yakanga iine simba uye ichidanidzira nechido ne nyanzvi kubva kumapuratifomu avo evanhu vakawanda.
Nenguva shoma chete uchapupu hwezvesayenzi hunorwisana nemafuta ekutengesa hunoomerera kusvika pakuti hunenge husingazogoni kuregererwa. Yakanga yava kuda kusvika makore makumi maviri asati apera chiitiko cheScackwell chakatanga kuparadzwa.
Mumwe angafunga kuti nyanzvi dzedu dzehutano hwepaguru, CSPI neAHA vangangodaro vakaratidza kudzvinyirira kuduku apo chokwadi pakupedzisira kwakazoonekwa pamusoro pemafuta anotora (chaizvoizvo) vakaderedza misoro yedu. Asi ivo havana.
Pane kudaro, (kutungamirirwa, zvinoshamisa, neCSPI, iyo yakashamisa 180 pamusoro penyaya usiku huno) nyanzvi zvino dzakasimudza kutsamwa kwavo kwakakwana kune avo vakaipa, makarokiti ezvokudya, vane, ivo pachavo vanofarira, vakaita izvi mafuta ane chepfu anotakura pamusoro pehuwandu hwevanhu (kusanganisira pane avo vana, vana vechidiki, nezvimwewo)
Nokuti nyanzvi, kuva nyanzvi, haigoni kukanganisa. Vanongotora zvitsva zvitsva, sezvinodiwa, uye vanorega kuteerera uye vanokanganwa zvinhu zvose zvavari kutaura zuro. Ndiyo nzira yenyika, uye pane zvishoma zvishoma pakuchema pamusoro apa.
The Moral Of The Story
Asi zvingave zvakakosha kuti tirambe tichifunga mupfungwa inosuruvarisa yemafuta ekutengesa sevadzidzisi vehutano vehutano - nehuwandu hwakafanana hwevimbiso, kushingaira uye kutsamwiswa kwavakaita mafuta anotengesa pamusoro pedu, uye nemashoko akafanana pamusoro pesayenzi iri kugadziriswa uye kuti uchapupu hunopikisa hunopesana hunofanira kuregererwa - nhasi uno kuedza kurongedza muviri wepachiviriki usingakwanisi kunyatsogadziriswa munyu kune vanhu vese.
Ndiri kutaura.
Sources:
Mozaffarian D, Katan MB, Ascherio A, et al. Trans fat fat acids uye nehutano hwepfungwa. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1601.