Kuchinja Mukurapa Kwezvirwere zvePasinson
Apo iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoda ane chirwere chePasinson (PD), zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mushonga mutsva uye huri nani huripo pakatarisana. Asi paunofunga nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemishonga mishonga yePP, pane chikonzero chekutarisira. Kunyange zvazvo PD yaive ichizivikanwa kune vekare, yakanga isina kunyatsodzidza kusvika panguva yepakati pekare (zvichida neAfirosofi muAfirosofi).
PD yakanga isingazivikanwi munyika yekare zvichida nokuti kwete vanhu vazhinji vaigara mumakore avo makumi matanhatu kana makumi manomwe panguva iyoyo. Saka PD inofanirwa kunge yakave isingawanzoitiki munyika yekare kudarika nhasi. Kuongorora kwesayenzi kwePD haina kutanga kusvikira James Parkinson akadhinda 'Essay pamusoro pokudengenyeka kwepalsy' muna 1817. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvePP zvakanzi sechirwere kana kuti kuunganidza zviratidzo zvaiva nechinokonzera. Mumakumi emakore okutanga ezana remakore rechi20, chirwere chekurwara chakakonzera nyika. Vamwe vakaurayiwa nehosha iyi vakaona zviratidzo zvePD uye maitiro avo akadzidza zvakasimba, nokudaro vachiwedzera ruzivo rwezviratidzo zvepasinsonia. Pakazosvika makore makumi mana nemakumi mana nemakumi mashanu, mapuropa eurosurgical aive achishandiswa kurapa PD. Muna 1960, dopamine yakawanikwa yakaderera muhuro hwevanhu vane PD. Muna 1961 kusvika muna 1962, tinowana miedzo yokutanga yakabudirira yeLevodopa. Pakazosvika 1968, levodopa mapiritsi akanga aripo kuti ashandiswe.
Ichokwadi ichi chaive chinhu chinoshamisa mukurapa kwePP. Levodopa therapy yakashanda zvakanaka kune vamwe varwere kuti vaigona kurarama hupenyu hwevanhu. Yakakurumidza kuwanikwa, zvisinei, kuti levodopa yakanga isingafadzi migumisiro uye yakanga isingagoni kudzivirira kufambira mberi kwechirwere kuitira kuti mishonga mitsva yakagadziridzwa kuti iite zvirwere izvi uye kuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwechirwere.
Bromocriptine uye MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl yakagadzirwa muma1970. Per gold, selegiline uye antioxidant therapies dzakagadzirwa muma1980. Munguva iyi, uropi hwakadzika hunosimudzira kurapwa hwakatangwa mukupera kwema1980 uye nzira dzehutachiona dzakagadziridzwa muma80s uye 90s. Iyo FDA inobvumidzwa kushandiswa kweukwakadzika kwakadzika kwehuropi hwechikamu chechidiki chekugadzirisa kudengenyeka muna 1997. Itsva dopamine agonists , pramipexole uye ropinirole yakabvumidzwa kuti ishandiswe mugore iroro zvakare. Tolcapone uye Entacapone dzakabvumirwa kushandiswa mugore rinotevera 1998. Mukati mema1990, dzakawanda zvezviremera zvemazwi zvakave zvakabatwa muPP zvakawanikwa. Kuzivikanwa kwezvinhu izvi zvisiri izvo zvinotungamirira kumishonga mitsva muma2000. A gene therapy for PD yakatangwa muna 2005. Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemana uye kutanga kwema2000, kubudirira mune stem cell biology kwakaratidza kuti mishonga mitsva ichange ichitsvaga pasinei nokuti kurapwa kwakadaro kusati kwatanga.
Muna 2006, itsva MAO-B inhibitor yakagadzirwa yakanzi rasagiline. Mugore iroro chete, nzira itsva itsva yePD therapy, inonzi antiapoptotic therapy, yakatanga. Yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kufa kwe dopamine masero. Apoptosis inoreva 'programmed cell-death' inowanikwa pakati peDopamine masero ePD varwere.
Uye mishonga inorwisa-apoptotic inofanirwa kudzivirira izvi zvinorongwa sero rufu. Kusvika iye zvino mishonga iyi ichiri pasi pekutsvakurudza. Muna 2007 dopamine patch yakagadzirwa (rotigotine) kuti ibudise dopamine kune ropa nenzira yakasvibhenesa saka zvichideredza migumisiro yemigumisiro. Kwemazana makumi emakore ekupedzisira ezana remakore rechi20, marudzi ese emishonga yakashandiswa kurapa zviratidzo zvisiri zvemotokari zvePP sekuvhiringidza kwepfungwa, matambudziko ekurara, matambudziko emanzwiro nezvakadaro.
Iye zvino cherechedza kuti kana PD yave ichizivikanwa kumavambo ekuma1960 sechirwere che dopamine metabolism, matsva matsva ekurapwa kwePP akakurumidza kukura.
Sezvo gumi nemakore zvaipfuura, kufamba kwezvinhu zvitsva kwakaratidzika kuwedzera uye zvekuti muma2000 tine mhando yakadaro yezvitsva zvinotanga kuitika zvinogona kurapa kurapa - kubva pane zvingava zvezvematongerwo enyika itsva gene therapy kune imwe ingano antiapoptotic therapy - iyo tarisiro yekuchengetedza kuzvimiririra muhupenyu hwose hwechirwere kuri kuve nani uye zviri nani. Ndinewo tarisiro yekuti kuunganidzwa kwakakwana kwemajaira kuchawanikwa mumakore mashomanana anotevera kuti kuwedzera kukurumidza kwechirwere ichi chiite.
Sources
> Wiener, WJ uye Factor, SA (2008). Nguva yeParkinsons Disease Nhoroondo kubva muna 1900. Mu: Zvirwere zvePalinson: Kuongorora uye Clinical Management: Second Edition Yakaitwa naStewart A Factor, DO naWilliam J Weiner, MD. New York: Demos Medical Publishing; > pps >. 33-38.