Waizviziva here kuti Earl Bakken anobva pacemaker pamutambo wemimhanzi? Uye kuti nheyo dzemitauro yeJapan dzakagadziridza rudzi rwe stenti yevascular inogona kubvumirwa kuti ienderane nemakateti? Sayenzi uye unyanzvi zvinowanzobatana. Zvechokwadi, kuputsa-pasi kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinoda kuti tive nesimba mukati mese masimi; kufambira mberi mune zvidzidzo zvezvechiremba zvinowanzobudirira kuburikidza nehupenzi uye kuratidza maitiro.
Kubva STEM kusvika STEAM
Mikana yezvemupfumi muSayenzi uye teknolojia inotyaira hupfumi hwepasi pose kupfuura kare. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwemari mu STEM minda (sayenzi, teknolojia, engineering uye mathemoni) zvakanyatsotsigirwa. Asi zvakadaro, vamwe vanotsigira zvezvesayenzi vanotenda kuti unyanzvi hwe STEM huga hahukwanisi kuunza hufambiro uye kubudirira nyika iri kutarisa kana iri kuuya kune innovation. Nokuda kwekwenyanzvi yehutano yehutano kuti zviitike, kuvona chinhu chinokosha. Kunaka kunoita kuti rutivi rwerudyi rwehuropi rwedu ruvepo, saka runogona kuwirirana nerutivi rworuboshwe uye kupa ruzivo rwakakwana rwekuziva. Nokudaro, vamwe vakaratidza kuti mabasa anosanganisira uropi inofanira kukurudzirwa mune zvidzidzo zvedu zvekuchikoro-kuti STEM inofanira kusanganisira magetsi uye kuchinjwa kuva STEAM.
Unyanzvi haisi kungofanana nemapurogiramu ekudzidzira aptitude. Zivo munharaunda iyi inogona kubata ruzivo ruzivo rwezvesayenzi yakadzika nekuvandudzika mune hutano, mishonga nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvesainzi.
Purofesa Robert Root-Bernstein nevamwe vake vanobva kuMichigan State University vakatarisa mazita ezvinyorwa zveNobel varairi vesayenzi. Vakatarisa kuti vanenge vose vevanhu ava vaibatanidzwawo mune imwe nzira yehudhi. Uyezve, vazhinji vavo vakabatanidza kubudirira kwavo mune sayenzi neunyanzvi uye unyanzvi hunyanzvi hunosimudzira.
Ongororo yeRoot-Bernstein yakaratidza kuti vanowanikwa muNobel Prize vaisvika kaviri kuti vave vashandi vane tarenda, kana vachienzaniswa nemasayendisiti akaenzana, uye kaviri inowanzokwanisa kunyora nhetembo nemabhuku. Kubva pakutsvakurudza kwake, Root-Bernstein anotaura kuti kuburikidza nekukurudzira kugadzirwa, iwe unokurudzira mishonga uye zvichida unofamba kupfuura mhedzisiro yevhareji.
Mufananidzo Wakakodzera Mazana Ane Mashoko
Nhoroondo, mifananidzo yemishonga yaiva chikamu chinokosha chekutsvakurudza kwezvokurapa. Art yakashandiswa nokuda kwekuparidzirwa kwezivo uye sekubatsira mukudzidza. Art inoramba iri chikamu chinokosha chemishonga mazuva ano, nemifananidzo inofananidza nguva ye digital uye kushandisa teknolojia yekubatsira maitiro avo.
Mifananidzo yemabhuku ezvokurapa, mabhuku, uye mumakore achangobva kupfuura, kushandiswa kwemafoni uye mawebhusayithi, zvinoda humwe ruzivo rwehutano. Johns Hopkins University Chikoro cheMishonga chinopa chirongwa chekupedza kudzidza muUrwere uye Mufananidzo weBiological inopa ruzivo rwakakosha. Purogiramu inoitwa neDhipatimendi reArt As Applied to Medicine. Munguva ichangopfuura, mifananidzo yeDhipatimendi Mubatsiri Purofesa Jennifer Fairman akaperekedza nyaya mumagazini yeHopkins Medicine inonzi Cooking up Bone Replacement.
Nyaya yacho inotaura nezvebasa reSvondo Purofesa Dr. Warren Grayson neboka rake, avo vave vachishanda mukugadzirisa mapfupa ekudzorera musoro uye chiso. Mutsara unotevera chimiro chekudya chekudya, uye rinotsanangura 3-D kudhinda nekugadzira zvinhu zve-3-D kubva pane faira rejinjini uchishandura zvinhu zvakadai zveltrathin. Mifananidzo yeHanmanman inoratidzira zvose zvinoshandiswa zvinodiwa (pulverized natural bone, polycaprolactone, fibrinogen, thrombin, muto wepanyama uye beta-glycerophosphate), uye matanho emhando iyi ye "culinary" inokosha.
Purofesa Richard Sawdon Smith, kune rumwe rutivi, akashandisa mifananidzo yemishonga kubva pamakona omurwere: kutsvaka kunzwisisa kweurwere uye kugamuchirwa kwezvirwere.
Sawdon Smith akachinja mararamiro ake nemaitiro ekugadzira. Achipedza nguva yakawanda muzvipatara mushure mekunge aine hutachiona hweHIV, akatanga kushanda pamifananidzo yematomical, kutaridzika kwechiso uye kuongorora muviri. Pakati pemamwe mapurogiramu, akasika ruzivo rwakanyora kuongorora nzira yake yekuongorora ropa, iyo yaakatumidza kuchengeta . Akasarudzawo kutema tatomical medical illustration paganda rake ndokuva chinhu chechiremba iye pachake.
Unyanzvi uye Sayenzi yeProsthetics
Kuumba maitiro echokwadi-anotarisa uye akasununguka inyanzvi inyanzvi inoda tarenda yakawanda uye kudzidziswa. Iko unyanzvi shure kweiyi unonzi kliniki anoplastologist. Mune basa ravo, aplastologist vari kuronga kugovera murwere nechirwere chetsika chinenge chakanaka kune mumwe munhu. Iyo nzira yekuveza uye kugadzira shanduro yekupedzisira yemuviri chikamu-somuenzaniso, nzeve, mhino kana ziso-ine matanho akawanda. Kana yakagadzirwa neunyanzvi ane unyanzvi, hutachiona hunoenderana nehumwe muviri wose unobtrusively uye hunoita kuti murwere ave noupenyu hwehupenyu.
Johns Hopkins Facial Prosthetics Clinic inotungamirirwa neaplastologist ane talenta kwazvo, Mr. Juan Garcia, uyo anogadzira zvipfeko zvekudzima kwakanyanya kusingagadziriswa kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa. Akanyatsogadzirisa mukufananidza ruvara rwechikamu chemuviri mutsva nemunhu weganda. Ichi chikamu chinoda unyanzvi hwakanaka. Garcia anoshanda nevarwere vakange vane shungu, chirwere, chirwere kana vakaberekerwa vane maitiro. Garcia fashions his prostheses noruoko. Iye, kunyange zvakadaro, anofarira zvikuru mune zvose zvese zvekugadzirwa kwezvinobudirira uye zvezesayenzi uye anoramba achitsvaga nzira dzekunyanya kuisa mubasa rake. Anonyanya kufadzwa nezvirimwa uye kukura mararamiro anogara-izvo zvinogona kuita kuti nzira itsva yekusika zviratidzo zvemuviri zvakatarisa.
3-D kupikisa mifananidzo iri kuwedzera kugamuchirwa munharaunda yekurapa. Zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zviri kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri, zvakadai sechirume, chifuva uye musoro / chiso, kuti ubatsire nekuronga kurapwa nekuongorora. MuNorthern Ireland, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust vave vachishanda mukugadzirwa kwemafuro e-3-D, purojekiti inotungamirirwa neMutambo Wadzo Wekurapa. Izvo software yakasimudzira iyo inoshandiswa iyo inoshandiswa maererano nemamwe mazano anowanzobatanidza mazano pamusoro pechiedza, kumira kwemu murwere, nheyo uye maonero. Basa iri rinokosha zvikuru iye zvino kuti vakadzi vazhinji vane pfupa rekuvakazve mushure mitezo yekuita mastectomy. Ne mifananidzo ye-3-D, kuenzanisa kunogona kuongororwa uye chiremba anokwanisa kukurumidza kusarudza kana kuvhiyaniswa kwekuenzanisa kunofanira kukurudzirwa.
Kunyoresa Kuona Kurapa Kwemishonga Inofanirwa
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha cheunyanzvi ndiko kukwanisa kwayo kugadzira matsva matsva ekukurukurirana. Vashandi vezvehutano vanowanzotaurirana nevarwere vane mano okutaura nemashoko vangave vadzivirirwa kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano uye zvisina zvekurapa. Semuenzaniso, mutauro wemumwe mutauro uye zvipingamupinyi zvedzidzo zvinogona kunge zvakaoma. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, zvinogona kubatsira kukurukura uchishandisa dzimwe nzira, sekutora mufananidzo wakajeka wemurwere. François Luks anobva kuDhipatimendi reAchipatara kuBrown University anotaura kuti kurapwa kwechiremba kunogonawo kubatsira kuronga pfungwa uye kujekesa hukama hweatomic. Izvi zvinobatsirawo kuratidza dambudziko zvakanyatsojeka, zvose kune murwere uye chiremba.
Kucherechedza unyanzvi hunokosha zvikuru hunodzidziswa nehutano wese wehutano kuitira kuti utarisire zviri nani. Semuenzaniso, unyanzvi hwekucherechedza hunogona kuva hunokosha pakuongorora chirwere uye kufanotaura zvibereko zverapa. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti maziso ekuona, kunyanya kuvepa uye mafirimu, anogona kubatsira vadzidzi vezvokurapa kuti vave nani pakucherechedza.
Purofesa Katrina Bramstedt, anonyanya kuzivikanwa nemagariro anobva kuBond University, kuAustralia, anotaura kuti kuongorora kwechipatara kunosanganisira zvinopfuura kungoona. Anotaura pamusoro pekuverenga nekuverenga, izvo zvinoda kunyatsotarisa kuona kuti zvinoreva. Kunyoresa kuverenga nokunyora kunobatsira kuti vanachiremba vape ruzivo rwechipatori kubva kuvarwere vangave vasingakwanisi kurondedzera zvinhu zvakananga. Bramstedt anotsigira kubatanidza vanhu vezvehutano zvakagadzikana nesayenzi yehuwandu. Semuenzaniso, anofunga nezvekuenzanisira mune zvechiremba co-kudzidzisa nzira mumatomu. Kutsvakurudza kwake kwakawana kuti vadzidzi vezvechiremba vanowanzotsigira kuiswa kwekuona masayendisiti mune zvechiremba chikoro chirongwa.
Zvisinei, iyewo anoziva kuti pane vamwe vanogona kuifunga sekushungurudzika kusingadikanwi kubva pane zvidzidzo zvesayenzi zvezvakawanda. Kunyange zvakadaro, anotarisira kuti vanachiremba vemazuva ano vachabatsirwa nemararamiro akaenzana kuburikidza nekuratidzwa kune zvose zvevanhu uye zvesayenzi.
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> Bramstedt K. Kushandiswa Kwemaonero Okuona seFesheni Yokutsvaga Utano Hwehutano. AMA Journal of Ethics , 2016; 18 (8): 843-854.
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> Yakaratidza & Akaparadzana: Purofesa Richard Sawdon Smith. J Vis Commun Med . 2015; 38 (1/2): 98-102.
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