Medicare inongova-mubhadharo system asi yakakwana here?
Chero ani anotenda muAmerican healthcare system ndiyo yakanakisisa munyika iyo iri kushamisika. Ichokwadi iUnited States inoshandisa zvakanyanya kunyanya kutarisirwa kwehutano hwemunhu wese asi ine zvigaro zvakashata pane zvoutano.
Kuongororwa neThe Commonwealth Fund yakatarisa zvakananga kune 11 nyika dzakagadzirwa. Dhiyabhorosi yakaunganidzwa kumativi mashanu: 1) kutarisira, kuchengetedza, kuchengetedzwa, kuchengetedzwa, uye kurwara), 2) kukwanisa kutungamirira, 3) kuwana (kukwanisika uye nguva), 4) kuenzana kune vanhu vari pasi-nepamusoro -kukwira, uye 5) kubudirira kwehutano (hutano hwehuwandu hwevanhu, kufa kunogamuchirwa kuhutano hwehutano, uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano).
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti, US inoratidzira 10 yehutano hwehutano uye yegumi neimwe yekuwana, kuenzana, uye kuwanikwa kwehutano.
Nyika dzakarongedza pamusoro peUnited States pane urongwa dzaiva nechimwe chinhu chakafanana - kuchengetwa kwehutano pasi rose . Mubvunzo ndewokuti maUnited States anofanira kutevera here kana kuti kwete.
Medicare seMutero-Wokubhadhara Mumwechete
Pakati pemushandirapamwe wegore ra2016, mutungamiri wehurumende Hillary Clinton akataura kuti Medicare yaiva imwe chete-mubhadharo system. Zvinorevei izvo?
Imwe-mubhadhari wehurumende ndiyo imwe iyo iyo inhengo, kazhinji hurumende, inotarisira uye inopa kubhadhara kwehutano hwako. "Muteresi mumwe chete" kazhinji anowirirana nemashoko okuti "zvose zveutano" mune zvinyorwa, kunyange zvazvo asiri imwe chete uye yakafanana.
MuAmerica, Medicare yave iri hutano hwehutano hwatinoona patinenge tichikura. Ndiyo imwe-mubhadharo wehurumende nokuti hurumende inoshandisa purogiramu yehutano nemitero yatinobhadhara nayo .
Izvozvo zvakati, hazvisi hutano hwehutano nokuti hahufukidze munhu wose. Panzvimbo pezvo, inongova vanhu vashoma makumi matanhatu nemashanu kana kupfuura kana kune avo vane humwe hurema .
Kunetseka ndeyekuti apo Medicare yakatanga seyechokwadi-mubhadharo system, yakashanduka kuva chimwe chinhu chinowanikwa.
Hurumende yehurumende inoisa mitemo yezvinofanira kuvharwa asi vanhu vanogona kusarudza kuisa chirongwa cheMedare Inonzi Advantage plan , inotungamirirwa nemakambani ehurumende yveshuwarenzi, pasinei nemasikirwo ehurumende, anotungamirirwa nehurumende.
Kurapa Kune Vose NeMurengeti kune Mamwe
Medicare inogona kuwedzerwa uye inowanikwa kune vose veAmerica. Nenzira iyo, Medicare inogona kuva noutano hwepasi pose. Urongwa hwakadaro hwakagamuchirwa neSenator Bernie Sanders weVermont uye akasvika pakuzivikanwa seMedicare for All.
Panguva yaakakumbira hurumende ye 2016, uyo aimbova Munyori weHurumende Hillary Clinton akati "Medicare For More" senzira yekuwedzera Medicare. Panzvimbo peMedare kune vose, akaronga kuderedza chirwere cheMedare chinokodzera kubva pamakore makumi matanhatu nemakumi mashanu nemakore makumi mashanu.
Izvi zvingabatsira sei?
Vanhu vari muzera iri vanowanzova nehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano uye humwe hutano hwehutano hunoreva kushandiswa kwekushandisa mari yehutano. Vanenge 87 kubva muzana veAmerica vane makore makumi matanhatu nemakore makumi matanhatu nemazana manomwe vane makore makumi mana vane chirwere chisingaperi chisingaperi. Nhamba yacho inowedzera kusvika 92 muzana kune avo makore makumi manomwe nekure. Nhamba idzi dzinoderera kusvika 72 muzana patinotarisa vechidiki vechidiki kubva kune makore makumi mashanu kusvika ku64, kwete ikozvino yakavharwa neMedare.
Kana mumwe munhu akasangana nemigodhi yekufanirwa kweMedare, vanotanga kubhadhara miriyamu yemwedzi pamubhadharo wekurapa.
Iyi mari inowanikwa mudziva uye inoshandiswa kubhadhara mabasa kune vose vanobatsirwa. Kana vaduku, vaine hutano vemuAmerica vakawedzerwa padziva iroro, zvino chinhu chinonakidza chaizoitika kune Medicare sezvatinoziva nhasi. Panova nemari yakawanda yekugovera. Kunyangwe paizova nevanhu vakawanda vari mudziva, paizove nehope shomanana yehutano hwekutarisa. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera makore ekuchengetera kuMedare Trust Trust .
Zvirongwa zve Universal Health Care
Ichokwadi ndechokuti mari yehutano yakawedzera zvakanyanya pamakore, kwete nekuda kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu kana yehutano hwehutano hunokosha asi nekuda kwebhizimusi guru uye hupfumi.
Chero bedzi apo makambani einishuwarenzi ega ega uye makambani ekumishonga anotakura zvigaro zvemari, utano hwehutano hunoramba huchiwedzera. Imwe-mubhadhari wenyika inogona kubvisa zvinokurudzirwa zvinotungamirirwa neutano hwehutano asi chiizve chinopa?
Munhu wese angave akaenzana nekugona kutarisirwa pasinei nezera, mari, kana mano. Uyewo, iwe haungazofaniri kuwana chiremba mu "network" yako nokuti vanachiremba vose vaizova mumutambo wako. Copays uye zvakakanganiswa zvaizoenda.
Kuongororwa kwenyika kubva kuPew Research Centre muna 2017 kwakataura kuti 66 muzana yevanhu veAmerica vanotenda hurumende inofanirwa kuve nehutano hwekuwana hutano uye kuti 33 muzana vanofunga kuti mumwechete-mubhadharo ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuenda nayo.
Cons we Universal Universal Care
Dhora uye masendi haisiyo chete mari yekuchengetwa kwehutano pasi rose. Vanhu veAmerica havangazodi kungofunga nezvekuwedzera kwemitero vaizoripira asiwo kuti kupararira kwepasi rose kwaizoita sei kutarisira kwavanowana. Chimirira nguva dzisingasviki maitiro zvinotora nguva. Nevamwe vanhu vari muhutano, kupinda kune chiremba wavo wekusarudza kunogona kuchinjwa nekugara kwenguva refu. Vamwe vanhu vangave vachida kushandura vanachiremba kuti vawane rubatsiro rwusingaoneki munguva yakakodzera.
Chimirira nguva munyika munyika nehutano husingaperi zvinogona kuva nguva refu. MuDenmark, nguva inoreva nguva yekuwana chirwere checataract mushure mokunge sarudzo yaitwa kugadzirisa mazuva 112. Iwe unogona kunge usingakwanisi kuwana nzvimbo yekudzoka muEngland kwemazuva 78. Kusarudzwa kwekuvhima muIreland kana Norway kunokusiya iwe kumirira mazuva makumi manomwe. Izvozvo zvakati, zviitiko zvinokurumidza zvinoitwa pakarepo. Hakunono kunonoka pakuchengeta kana iwe uchida zvechokwadi.
Mune nguva refu, United States inogona kuchengetedza munharaunda yakazara uye inovandudza mararamiro ezvehutano pasi pepasi rose, asi vanoAmerica vane kushivirira kumirira nguva yavo here?
Shoko kubva
Hurumende yeUnited States yehutano ine sarudzo yekuita. Inogona kuvandudza pane imwechete-mubhadharo wemuenzaniso weMedare, zvichiwedzerwa kusvika kune vamwe veAmerica. Zvimwewo, inogona kutevera nzira yehupenyu hwehutano hwepasi pose iyo nyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira dzakaratidza kuti dzinodhura-yakawanda uye dzinobudirira nehuwandu hwehutano hwakaguma. Kuva wegumi nemasere muhutano hwepasi pose hahukwani. America inokodzera zviri nani.
> Sources:
> Aaron HJ. Ndeipi Inzira Yekudenga? N Engl J Med. 2017 Dec 7; 377 (23): 2207-2209. doi: 10.1056 / NEJMp1713346.
> Zvirwere Zvisingaperi Pakati pevanhu vekare veAmerica. Website yeAARP. http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/health/beyond_50_hcr_conditions.pdf.
> Kiley J. Rutsigiro Rwenyika Rwokuti 'Kubhadhara Mumwe Chete' Health Coverage Inokura, Inotungamirirwa neDemocrats. Pew Research Center. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/23/public-support-for-single-payer-health-coverage-grows-driven-by-democrats/. Yakabudiswa naJune 23, 2017.
> Schneider EC, Sarnak DO, Squires D, Shah A, Doty MM. Mirror, Mirror 2017: Kuenzanisa kweMarudzi Pose Kunoratidza Kurasikirwa uye Mikana Yekuvandudza Utano hweUnited States. The Commonwealth Fund. http://www.commonwealthfund.org/interactives/2017/july/mirror-mirror/. Yakabudiswa muna July 2017.
> Viberg N, Forsberg BC, Borowitz M, naMolin R. International Kuenzanirana kwekumirira nguva muhutano hwehutano - kumira uye tarisiro. Health Policy . Svondo 2013; 112 (1-2): 53-61. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.06.01