Will Medicare ichange ipo apo iwe uchida iyo?
Medicare inogona kunge iri mumatambudziko. Maererano neshoko ra2016, iyo Medicare Trust Fund ichapedza mari yakazosvika 2028, makore maviri zvisati zvaitika kudongororwa kwakaitwa muna 2015. Izvi zvichabva kuAmerica pasina kuchengetwa kweutano sezvavanenge vava nemakore here?
Mashandiro ehurumende ye Medicare Trust
The Medicare Hospital Insurance Trust Fund inotsigira Medicare Chikamu A. Iyi chikamu cheMedare inopa chikwereti chekuchengetwa kwepachipatara uyewo hospice.
Kune vanhu vakasunungurwa kubva kuchipatara, inowedzerawo nguva pfupi yekugara muzviremba vane unyanzvi, kana seimwe nzira yevanhu vanosarudza kusaenda kune imwe nzvimbo, mabasa ehutano hwemusha.
Vazhinji veAmerica havabhadhari mwero wemwedzi weChitatu A, kunyange vachizobhadhara zvinokonzerwa nekubhadharwa, kubhadhara, uye kubhadharwa kwebasa rinoitirwa. Zvikwereti ndezvekusununguka kune vanhu vakapa zvikamu makumi mana (gumi nemakore) kana kupfuura muMedarere mitero yemitero pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo hwose. Vakatobhadhara chikamu chavo chakanaka muhurongwa, uye basa ravo rakaoma kunyange vanotora kubhadharwa kwepamberi-pasina kwemumwe wavo .
Vanhu vakashanda zvishoma kudarika makumi mana, kune rumwe rutivi, vachabhadharwa mwero wepa mwedzi uye madhora aya anowedzera nokukurumidza. Chikamu A premium yevanhu vakashanda pakati pemakamuri makumi matatu nemakumi mana nemakumi mana nemakumi mana nemakumi mana nemwedzi ($ 3192 pagore) muna 2016. Kune avo vanoshanda vasingapfuuri makumi matatu, mari inowedzera madhora 411 pamwedzi ($ 4,932 pagore).
Mari inounganidzwa mumitero uye muzvikwereti inogadzira Medicare Trust Fund. Aya madhora angasave akakwana kuti asangane nezvikumbiro zvehuwandu hweMedare inowedzera muna 2029.
The Impact of Aging Baby Boomers
IUnited States Census Bureau yakashuma mamiriyoni 72.5 ekuberekwa pakati pa1946 na1919, iyo inonzi mwana.
Zvechokwadi, nhamba yevana vacheomer ichagara iri mukushanduka. Chimbofunga kuti havasi vose vana vacheche vachararama makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu uye kuti "vatsva" vemazana ezera iri vachapinda munyika kuburikidza nekuenda kune dzimwe nyika. Nezvinhu zvose zvinofungidzirwa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti 8 000 kusvika ku10 000 vokuAmerica vanosvitsa makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zuva roga roga uye vachazviita kuburikidza ne2029. Muna 2029, zvinotarisirwa kuti 20 muzana yevanhu veUnited States vachabvumirwa neMedare.
Kwete kungoti zviuru zvevanhu zvinosvika ku Medicare age zuva rega roga asi tarisiro yehupenyu inokurawo. The Social Security Administration inotarisira hupenyu hwemakore 84.3 uye 86.6 hwevarume nevakadzi, maererano. Sezvo vanhu vachirarama kwenguva yakareba, ivo vanowanzova nezvinetso zvoutano. Vanopfuura chikamu chetatu chevanhu pakati pemakore 65 ne84 vane makore anenge maviri kusvika matatu. Zvinopfuura chikamu chechina chavo chichava nechina kusvika kuchishanu.
Vanhu vakawanda vanorarama kwenguva yakareba zvinoreva zvinetso zvezvehutano uye zvinodhura mari. Ko Medicare Trust Fund ichakwanisa kuramba iripo here?
Mari Yezvokurapwa Zvisingaiti
Sezvo nhamba yezvirwere zvisingagumi inokwira, Centers for Medicare neMedicaid Services (CMS) inoshandisa kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwehutano huripo, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzekukurumidza dzinoshanyira, hofisi yekushanyira, kutarisa kwehutano hwemusha, kushandiswa kwezvipatara muzvipatara, kuverengerwa kwezvipatara, uye kuwedzera kwemajeri kuchengetedza mabasa sekuvandudza uye kurapa muviri .
Paavhareji, Medicare Part A inoshandisa mari inosvika $ 13,000 pamunhu mumwe nomumwe asi mari inogona kuva yakawanda kune vanobatsirwa. Vagari vemarayari vanobhadhara vanogona kubhadhara mari inosvika madhora 5,700 kunze kwehomwe gore negore kana vane mamiriro maviri kusvika matatu. Nhamba iyo inopfuura kudarika kaviri kusvika $ 12,000 yechina kusvika kune zvishanu uye inokwira kusvika ku $ 32,000 nokuda kwezvitanhatu kana kupfuura.
Zvakatorwa pamwe chete, izvi zvinotadzisa Medicare Trust Fund pachiyero chisingaenzanisi nemadhora ari kuuya. Kana Medicare ichibuda nemari, vanhu vakwegura vachazokwanisa sei kuwana hutano hwakanaka apo ivo vatotsika nhepfenyuro?
Zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza Medicare
Kana Medicare iri kutarisira vakwegura vokuAmerica munguva refu, chimwe chinhu chichafanira kuchinja.
Mazano ekuti ungaita sei izvi ave akakavhiringidza uye akabatanidza zvinotevera:
- Deredza kuti Medicare yakawanda sei inopa vanachiremba uye zvipatara. Utano hwekuchengetedzwa kwehutano ndiko kunonyanya kunetseka nechisarudzo ichi. Vangave vashoma here vanachiremba vanogamuchira Medicare kubhadhara kana vachifunga kuti havangakwanisi kubhadharwa? Sezvazvinomira, kune kakatova kushayikwa kwechiremba kunosvika pamusana pemari shoma ye Medicare yekutsigira chiremba chiremba.
- Kuderedza Medicare zvakabatsirwa. Hapana anoda kubhadhara mari yakafanana nechepasi. Sezvinomiririra, vanhu vazhinji vanopikisa kuti Medicare haina kuvhara zvakakwana . Semuenzaniso, Medicare haina kuvhara mari yekugadzirisa lens , mazino, kana rubatsiro rwekunzwa kunyange zvinhu zvakajairika zvinoitika sezvatinoita makore zvinochinja pane zvakaratidzwa, utano hwemeno, uye kunzwa. Izvi zvinosiya vakawanda veAmerica pasina hutano hwehutano hwavanoda.
- Wedzerai nguva yeGedare inokodzera. Republicans seSenator Paul Ryan vakagadzirira kuwedzera makore e Medicare kusvika makore 67. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingaderedza nhamba yevanhu vanozogona kupiwa Medicare mune chero gore ripi neripi, izvi zvingaisa mutoro kune vakwegura kubhadhara mari inodhura mari yehurumende yehupfumi panguva ino. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kwete chete kugadziriswa kwevanhu asi kana vakwegura vaigona kukwanisa kubhadhara mari.
- Wedzera kunze-kwe-muhomwe mari yevatsigiri. Kuwedzerwa kwemarangiro emarayirwo aMedare, kubhadharwa, kubhadhara, kana kubhadharwa kwemari kunogona kubatsira kutsigira Medicare Trust Fund mari-wise asi vakura vangakwanise? Ruzhinji rwevakuru vakanyanyogadzirisa mari sezvazviri uye mari yekuchengetwa kwehutano isingabviri kuwedzera.
- Wedzera Medicare mitero yemitero. Mimwe mitero? Izvi ndizvo zvakataurwa naMutungamiri Ronald Reagan neMedare Catastrophic Coverage Act muna 1988 . Mutemo wakakonzera kuwedzera mishonga yemishonga inobatsira uye kuchengetedza vakwegura kubva kuhutano hwehutano hwakapera mushure mekurapwa, asi mutemo wakabviswa mukati megore nekuda kwekushaya rubatsiro rwevanhu uye mhere-mhere pamusoro pemafambisirwo emitambo yakabatana. VaAmerica vari kunzwa zvakasiyana nezvekuwedzera kwemazuva nhasi here?
Chinetso nevakawanda zvezvirevo izvi ndezvokuti zvinoshandura zvakawanda uye zvakanyanya zvezvikwere kune vakwegura vagara vari kurarama pane mari yakasarudzwa. Sezvazvinomira, Social Security mazano ave akapera. Pasina kuwedzerwa muDzimba dzeHIV Allowance (COLA) makore akawanda akapfuura, vakuru vakatofanira kutambanudza madhora avo.
Chiziviso chaCMS chokuti Medicare Trust Fund inogona kunge isina kuvharwa mukati memakore makumi emakore chiratidzo chekunyevera chakajeka. Vakwegura veAmerica vari pangozi yakakura yekurasikirwa nekuwana hutano kana vakanganisa uye vachichida zvikuru. Iye zvino zvatinoona dambudziko riri pedyo nekusvika, tinofanira kuitaura sei? Zviri nani zvakare, tingazvigadzirisa sei? Mhinduro dzacho dziri kukwikwidzana asi chinhu chimwe chakajeka: Kuchinja kwehutano kunoda kuva chinhu chakakosha munyika uye ikozvino.
> Sources:
> Boards of Trustees yeThe Federal Hospital Insurance uye Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Funds. 2016 Mushumo wegore negore . https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/ReportsTrustFunds/Downloads/TR2016.pdf. Yakabudiswa naJune 22, 2016.
> Calculator: Upenyu Husingatarisiri. Social Security Administration website. https://www.ssa.gov/planners/lifeexpectancy.html.
> Zvirwere Zvisingaperi Pakati peMedare Vanobatsira, Chartbook: Edition 2012. Zvikamu zveMedhareid uye Medicaid Services website. https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/chronic-conditions/downloads/2012chartbook.pdf.
> Colby SL, Ortman JM. The Baby Boom Cohort muUnited States: 2012 kusvika muna 2060 . May 2014; P25-1141. https://www.census.gov/prod/2014pubs/p25-1141.pdf.