World Health Organization yakadana uwandu hwehutano "rimwe rematambudziko makuru ehutano hwehutano hwezana remakore rechi21" -uye haisi kuenda chero nguva pfupi. Pakati pe1990 na2011, nhamba yevana vakanyanya kupfutira kana vana vakachema nevana vaduku (kusvika kune makore mashanu) yakawedzera munyika yose kubva pamamiriyoni makumi maviri nemakumi mana kusvika kune makumi mana nemakumi mana-42 kubva kuzana pamakore makumi maviri chete.
Kana maitiro ezvino achienderera mberi, mugore ra2025, nhamba iyoyo inotarisirwa kukwira kusvika kumamiriyoni makumi manomwe evana vasati vambopemberera mazuva mashanu ekuzvarwa.
Kukura kweDambudziko
Haisi nyaya chete munyika dzakapoteredza pasi rose. Kuberekwa kwevana kunowanikwawo munyika dzakawanda dzepasi uye dzepakati-pfuma, kunyanya mumaguta. Zvechokwadi, kuwedzera kwekuwedzera munyika dziri kusimukira kwave kuri kudarika makumi matatu kubva muzana kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira.
Pakati pevanhu vakuru, huwandu hwehutano hwakanyanya huri nani kune huri munyika dzakawanda, kunze kweAustralia, maererano nevatsvakurudzi veYunivhesiti yeNorth Carolina kuChapel Hill. Asi chiyero icho vana vari kuwedzera kuwedzererwa kwakakurumidza-kukurumidza kudarika zvave kune vanhu vakuru-muBrazil, China, UK, US, neAustralia, izvo zvinoreva kuti kupesana kwepfupa pakati pevakuru nevana kuri kuderera munyika idzi.
Somuenzaniso, mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, utano hwehutano hwevana muUnited States hwakapetwa katatu, uye nhasi mumwe wevana vatatu anoonekwa sehuwandu hwehuwandu uye mumwe chete pavana vatanhatu akawandisa. MuEurope, Spain inonyanya kuwedzera kukura kwevadzidzi vasati vadzidza, uye Romania ine yakaderera. Pasi rose, 24 muzana yevana vechechi yechikoro, vane makore 6 kusvika ku9, muEurope vanoonekwa sevakanyanya kuwanda, uye Cyprus, Greece, Spain, neEngland dzine zvimwe zvakanyanya kukura zvakanyanya pakati pevana vane makore 10 kusvika ku18, maererano neshumo inobva kune Harvard School of Public Health.
Kunyangwe muAfrica, umo nzara, kuderera pasi, nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri ndizvo zvave zvinetso zvakanyanya pakati pevana, utano hwehutano hunowedzera. Munguva iyi, munyika dzakawanda dzeAsia (kunze kweJapan), paive nehuwandu hwemazana makumi mashanu kubva muzana yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu uye huputa hwakanyanya pakati pevadzidzi vepamberi pakati pe1990 na2010.
Iko Kunobva Dambudziko
Izvo zvinowanzoita mushure mekuita kwenyika yose: Kuwedzera kwehutano hwehutano hwehutano hunobva kune chimwe chinhu kubva pane kuchinja kunowedzera kuwedzera kwekudya kwekoriori-dense "iyo yakakosha mumafuta uye mashuga asi ari mavitamini, minerals uye mamwe micronutrients ane utano, uye kuenderera mberi kunopera maitiro ekuita muviri, "maererano neWorld Health Organization. Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika, kushambadzira kunotyisa kwezvokudya zvepamusoro-calorie uye zvinwiwa zvevana zvinokonzera dambudziko racho, uye kuwedzera kwechimiro yemhando yemararamiro edu kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vana vachabatane mumabasa ekuita zvakakwana uye mafungiro akanaka kutamba.
Zvinosuruvarisa, hapachina sarudzo iri nyore kune idzi zvinofurira. Nyika dzakasiyana dziri kutora matanho ekugadzirisa dambudziko rehutano hwehuduku nenzira yekunamata. Munguva iyi, World Health Organization yakagadzira hukuru-level Commission pamusoro pekuguma kwevana kubwinya nechinangwa chekuunganidza mazano kubva kune nyanzvi pasi pose uye kuita mazano ekugadzirisa matambudziko epanguva ino.
Sezvo iri dambudziko rakasiyana-siyana, mhinduro inofanira kuva yakawanda, zvakare, ndicho chikonzero nei vazhinji vakasiyana-siyana vehutano, masayendisiti, economists, nedzimwe nyanzvi dzinodiwa kuongorora pamwe nemazano ekugadzirisa nyika yose.
Zvakawandisa zviri pangozi kana nyanzvi dzisingauyi nemigwagwa yakajeka yokuderedza chiitiko ichi. Mushure mezvose, hutano hwehutano hunounza zvakasiyana siyana zvinenge zvisingadiwi zvemuviri uye zvinokanganisa mupfungwa, zvakare. Kunyanya, vana vakakomba vangangodaro vachienderera mberi kuva vakaoma sevanhu vakuru, vachivaisa kuti vave nehutano hwehutano hwehutano uye hutsika hwakakanganisika hwehupenyu, sezvavanokura.
Iyo ingadai iri nhaka yakaipa kune chizvarwa chinotevera, chero kupi zvako munyika.
> Sources:
Harvard School of Public Health. Kuzvidzivirira Kuwedzera Kunobva Muvhu: Kuberekwa Kwevana.
Popkin BM, Conde W, Hou N, Monteiro C. Kune Ive Iri Munyika Yose Mukudarika Kuwedzerwa Kwevana Kuenzaniswa Nevakuru? Kuwedzera muviri, October 2006; 14 (10): 1846-53.
World Health Organization. Global Strategic on Diet, Chiitiko Chekuita, uye Utano: Vana Kuwedzera Kuwandisa uye Kuwedzera Kuwanda.
World Health Organization. Global Strategic on Diet, Basa Romuviri, uye Utano: Chokwadi uye Zviitiko pahuduku Kuwedzerwa.