Zvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvinopfuurira kunyange sekuziva kunovandudza
India ndeimwe yenyika dzakawanda munyika yose dzine vanhu vanopfuura mabhiriyoni vanogara munharaunda inenge yechitatu yehukuru hweAmerica Maererano nekutsvakurudza kunobva kuMaulana Azad Medical College muNew Delhi, inenge 6.3 muzana yevanhu (inenge 63 mamiriyoni vanhu) vane rimwe danho rekushanda kwekunzwa kunzwa .
Kunyange zvazvo matsi ichiri dambudziko guru munyika inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwehurombo-pamwe nemamiriyoni 276 evanhu vanogara pasi pehurumende-inotarisirwa hurombo-zvinhu zvinochinja zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuziva kwevanhu nekuvandudzika kwekuwana dzidzo nekudzidziswa kwemabasa kune matsi uye zvakaoma kunzwa.
Tsika Isina Utano muIndia
Sezvo nyika yakasiyana-siyana ine mimwe mitauro yakasiyana-siyana, India yakanetseka kutora mutauro wemasaini, wakarongeka nenzira iyo US yakaita muma1960 neAmerica mutauro wemasaini (ASL) .
Kunyange zvazvo Indo-Pakistani mutauro wemasaini (IPSL) inonzi inonyanya kushandiswa inoshandiswa muSouth Asia, kune kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kunoshandiswa mukati meIndia (kusanganisira mutauro wemasaini weDhihi, mutauro wemasaini weBombay, mutauro wemasaini weCalcutta, uye mutauro wemasaini weChina-Madras), mumwe nomumwe ane ivo pachavo shanduro chaiyo uye girama.
Saizvozvowo, terevhizheni yakavharwa-kutora mazita yakavhara shure pasinei nekunakidza maona nyika. Kunze kwekushaiwa kwekutsvaga mari mune teknolojia, huwandu hwakareba hwevanhu vakuru vasingagoni kuverenga nekunyora (vanenge 37,2 kubva muzana, maererano neUNICEF) vakaderedza kushanda kwekuwedzera hurumende kuvanhu vose. Uyezve, kunongodarika maviri muzana yevana matsi muIndia vanoenda kuchikoro, vachiwedzera kuwedzera tsika dzisingagoni kuverenga nekunyora uye mari shoma.
Zvimwe zvinopesana netsika ndeyekudzivirira uye zvechitendero izvo zvinowanzotambudza matsi. Imwe mienzaniso yakadai ndiyo Mitemo yeMu, imwe yemabhuku akazara eHindu chinyorwa, iyo inotaura kuti vanhu vane matsi havafaniri kubvumidzwa kuva nemugove asi asi kuvimba nezvinobatsira zvevamwe.
Kunyange zvazvo uchifunga nezvechiArchaic neVaIndia vakawanda vemazuva ano, dzidziso dzakadaro dzinoramba dzichipa kudyidzana kwechisarudzo chekusarura izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kutadza kunzwa.
Matsi Mapoka muIndia
Pasinei nezvipingamupinyi zvakakosha izvi, kuedza kukuru kuri kuitwa kuwedzera zvinokonzera matsi uye zvakaoma kunzwa kuneIndia. Nhasi, nyika ine masangano akawanda anokosha akazvitsaurira kune matsi munyika, nyika, uye mahara. Aya mapoka anobatsira kurongedza mabasa anokosha uye kupa ruzivo kuburikidza nekutsigira mishandirapamwe yakadai seZuva reZvamwe zuva reSeptember.
Pakati peimwe yemasangano makuru:
- National Association of the Deaf (New Delhi)
- Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped (Mumbai)
- Yese India Federation yeDeaf (New Delhi)
- Bihar Association of the Deaf (Patna)
- Deaf Can Association (Bhopal)
- Delhi Association of the Deaf (New Delhi)
- Delhi Foundation yevakadzi vasina maturo (New Delhi)
- West Bengal Society for the Deaf (Kolkata)
- Madras Association of the Deaf (Chennai)
- Tamil Nadu State Federation of the Deaf (Chennai)
- Yese India Sports Council yevasina maturo (New Delhi)
Dzidzo Isina Utadzi uye Kudzidziswa muIndia
Muma1960 nemakore makumi manomwe, India inogona kutora zvikoro zvisingasviki gumi zveve matsi munyika yose.
Kunyange zvazvo pachinenge chisina kukwana nenzira yekusigirwa pakudzidzisa vana vane matsi nevakuru, zvinhu zviri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Nhasi, kune mazana emakoro ezvidzidzo matsi munyika yose ine mazamu epamusoro anoonekwa mumatunhu eTamil Nadu, Maharashtra, uye Delhi.
Pakati pezvimwe zvinonyanya kudzidziswa masangano (nehurumende):
- Society for the Education of the Deaf and Blind (Andras Pradesh)
- Welfare Center for Hearing and Speech Handicapped (Haryana)
- Central Society for the Education of the Deaf (Maharashtra)
- Dzidzo Audiology uye Research Society (Maharashtra)
- Aural Education for the Hearing Impaired (Maharashtra)
- Shri Swami Samarth Special Teacher Training Institute (Maharashtra)
- Badhit Bal Vikas Kendra (Rajasthan)
- Sangano Rokubatsira Rubatsiro reCalicut (Kerala)
- Helen Keller Institute for Deaf and Deafblind (Maharashtra)
- Multipurpose Training Center yeDeaf Delhi)
- Matsi uye Dumb Industrial Institute of Latur (Maharashtra)
- Rehabilitation Council of India (Delhi)
> Sources:
> Garg, S ;; Chandra, S .; Malhotra, S. et al. "Matsi: mutoro, kudzivirira, uye kutonga muIndia." Natl Med J India. 2009; 22 (2): 79-81. PMID: 19852345.
> United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF). "India Statistics." Geneva, Switzerland; yakarongedzwa musi waDecember 27, 2013.