Ultrasound inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemafungu emhepo kutora mifananidzo yemuviri pasi peganda. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamwaridzana nekushandiswa kwechiremba ye ultrasound nenzira yekuona mwana asati aberekwa pamuviri. Kunyange zvazvo dhehenya rinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti mazai aya anonzwike ashandiswe kuongorora uropi zvakananga, kune zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zve ultrasound mu neurology.
Iyo Ultrasound Inoshanda Sei
Purojekiti yakaiswa pamusoro inokonzera huwandu-huwandu hwemhepo. Izvi zvinodonha kubva kune zvinhu mumutumbi, uye echo inogamuchirwa neprobe. Izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa kutora mifananidzo yemhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana. Vadzidzisi vadzidziswa vanogona kuwana mishonga yeropa nemapfupa, somuenzaniso, izvo zvingave zvakaoma kuziva.
Zvisinei, ultrasound ine imwezve shanduro zvakare. Nemhaka yeDoppler effect, iyo inowanzoita shanduko inofanirana zvichienderana nekukurumidza kwezvakabva, inzwi rezwi rinogona kunge rine nguva yakasiyana iyo inobatana nekukurumidza kweropa rekuyerera. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ultrasound inogona kuva nzira inobatsira yekuvimbisa kuti ropa rinoyerera nenzira inotarisirwa kuburikidza nemuviri.
Transcranial Doppler
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) inyanzvi inoshandisa mazai ezwi kuti aone kutengesa kweropa iro rinopfuurira kuburikidza nemariti europi. Pane huwandu hwekushandisa kwechirwere cheDoppler muhutano hwehutano, kusanganisira kuongorora vasospasm mushure mekudzivirira kwemaharachnoid , kutarisa kusashaya kweropa muhuputi kufa , uye kuongorora ngozi yekurohwa mu sickle cell chirwere .
Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzokufungidzira, kudarika kweDoppler hakusviki uye kunotakura, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa mumahofisi echiremba uye mapadhi echipatara.
Kunyange zvazvo dhehenya rinovhara mafungu emhepo anodiwa kuTCD, kune dzimwe nzvimbo apo pfupa rakanyanya kupfava, kuburikidza nemafungu emanzwi anokwanisa kutungamirirwa. Anyanzvi anoziva anokwanisa kuwana kubuda kweropa bedzi zvichienderana nemitambo yevelocity, kunyange zvazvo vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa nzira yakasiyana yekufungidzira kuitira kuti vawane yakadikanwa yeropa rekutanga.
Kakawanda, muedzo haubatsiri uye hauna hanya.
Extracranial Ultrasound
Uropi hunowana ropa rayo kubva kune mishonga mina mumutsipa. Zviratidzo zviviri zveertebral zvinoshandura mumusitori we basilar iyo inopa ropa ku brain brain uye kumashure kwouropi, uye chikamu chikuru chepfungwa cheuropi chinowana ropa kubva mumaketari emukati carotid anobva pamaketari emakaroti mumutsipa. Kana imwe yematambudziko aya akaomeswa kana kuti akaparadzana, inogona kutungamirira kune ischemic stroke.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekutarisa pamidziyo iyi yeropa, kusanganisira yakawanda inonzi cerebral angiography, MR angiogram (MRA) uye inonzi tomographic angiography. Duplex ultrasound imwe nzira inowanzoshandiswa kushandura kuteura ropa kuburikidza nemidziyo yeropa.
Kubatsirwa kwe ultrasound kunosanganisira zvakaderera mari uye kushandiswa zviri nyore kwezvinhu zvinodiwa. Uyezve, ultrasound hairevi kushandiswa kwemhando ipi zvayo yemuenzanisi, asi maitiro akawanda eangiography anoda kusiyana kuti awane mufananidzo wakanaka kwazvo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, apo ultrasound inogona kupa ruzivo rwakanaka pamusoro pemaketari e-carotid ari pamberi pomutsipa, inogona kupa humwe ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pemartertal arteri mushure memutsipa.
Izvi ndezvekuti vertebral arterium inopinda mumatanda emapfupa anokwanisa kudzivirira mazai ezwi kubva purogiramu ye ultrasound.
Carotid ultrasound inotarisa zvakawanda paunyanzvi hwomudzidzisi, uye kududzirwa kwemigumisiro kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana neunyanzvi hwevaya vanobatanidzwa. Kana zviitiko zvisingawanzoonekwi zvinowanika pa ultrasound, zvichida iri pfungwa yakanaka yekusimbisa iyo migumisiro nemamwe mafungiro ekufungidzira vasati vaenderera mberi kuvhiyiwa masimba kana zvimwe zvinopindira zvinoparadza. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika sezvo carotid ultrasound inogona kurongedza huwandu hwehutano hwekugadzirisa.
Echocardiography
Echocardiogram is ultrasound of the heart.
Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekuisa purogiramu pachifuva, kana zvimwe zvakashata kuburikidza nekutora shanduro yakanamatirwa muhutano hwevarwere. Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvinopesana, izvi zvinotungamirira mufananidzo wakanaka wezvikamu zvemoyo unotarisa kure kubva pachidziro chechifuva, kusanganisira aorta uye kuruboshwe.
Zvinogona kuonekwa zvisina kujairika kukurukura chifananidzo chemoyo mune imwe nyaya yakatsaurirwa kune neurology, asi pakupedzisira kupatsanurwa kweuropi nemoyo zvingangoita maitiro. Uropi hunoenderana nemwoyo wekugamuchira ropa. Mushure mekurohwa, purototi inoda kuti mwoyo inofungidzirwa kutsvaga zvingangoita magadziro emakona angave akwira kusvika muuropi kuti abatisise mune ariti uye kumira ropa richipa chikamu cheuropi.
Mukupedzisa, pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana iyo ultrasound teknolojia inoshandiswa kuongorora varwere vane chirwere chepfungwa, kunyange zvazvo imwe chete yevaya nzira (transcranial doppler) inotarisa zvakananga kuropa ruchiyerera muuropi pachayo. Pamwe pamwe nekuongorora kwepanyama uye dzimwe nzira, ultrasound inogona kubatsira vanachiremba kunzwisisa zviri kuitika pasi peganda rako uye mushure mehenya rako.
Sources:
John B Chambers, Mark A de Belder, David Moore. Echocardiography mukurohwa uye kurwiswa kwechirwere chekunyengedza. Moyo. 1997 August; 78 (Zvinyorwa 1): 2-6.
Kuongorora: Transcranial Doppler. Nhoroondo yeAmerican Academy of Neurology, Therapeutics uye Technology Test Subcommittee. Neurology 40 (4): 680-1. 1990.
Sloan MA, Alexandrov AV, Tegeler CH, et al. Kuongorora: transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: mushumo weTherapeutics uye Technology Test Subcommittee yeAmerican Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2004; 62: 1468.