Mazivi Neurologist Anofunga Sei Nezvisina Kuoma?
Apo mumwe munhu asina simba, nyanzvi dzezvehutano dzinoedza kuziva zvakananga kuti chii chinokonzera utera. Mamwe mamwe matanho ekugadzirisa chinokonzera kusava nesimba kutevera danho rinokosha. Kunyatsoona nzvimbo yezvinetso zvinogona kunge zvakaoma uye zvinoda ruzivo rwakawanda, asi nekushandisa mamwe mazano ekutanga, kubvunza mibvunzo yakakodzera nekuita nyanzvi yakawanda, nyanzvi yezveuropi inogona kuwanzoona nzvimbo yekushaya simba.
Nhungamiro inotevera inongova chidimbu chakaipa chezvinhu zvipi zveeurologists zvakadzidziswa kuita kana vachiongorora munhu asina simba. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingakubatsira kuti unzwisise izvo chiremba ari kuedza kuita kuburikidza nekukubvunza mibvunzo nekuita kuongorora, nyaya ino haifaniri kutora nzvimbo yekutsvaga nyanzvi yekuongorora nyanzvi! Kushaya simba kunogona kuva dambudziko rakakomba, kunyanya kana rinopararira kuisa misumbu inobatanidzwa mukufema. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe matambudziko ehupfungwa sehupombwe anowanzova akaipa, chokwadi chisina kutsanangurwa kusava nesimba kunofanira kugara kuchiongororwa nechiremba anokwanisa.
Paunenge uchitaura nezvekushaya simba neyeurologist, zvakakosha kuziva zvakarehwa neshoko rokuti "kusimba." Vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa shoko rokuti "kusina simba" kureva "vakaneta" kana "vakaneta," asi kunyange kana mumwe munhu akaneta uye anoedza zvakaoma sezvaanogona kusimudza chimwe chinhu, achiri kukwanisa kuita kudaro. Kushaya simba kunonyanya kunetseka neurologists apo muviri haugoni kusimudza kana kuramba chimwe chinhu chaimbova nacho, semuenzaniso kana gorosi yemukaka kamwe-kamwe inoratidzika inorema 50 pounds.
Uku ndiko kusiyanisa kunokosha, nokuti nepo inenge chero hutano hupi, kusanganisira huwandu hunoti, hunoita kuti mumwe munhu anzwe akaora mwoyo, kusagadzikana kuduku kunoita kuti mumwe munhu ave asina simba mumuviri - uye zvizhinji zvezvinetso izvi zvinogona kutyisa upenyu.
Maonero eUbongo Anotaurira Misungo Kuti Aite Chibvumirano
Kufamba nesimba rakazara kunobva kune chiedza chemagetsi chinotarisa kubva paupamhi hweuropi zvichidzika kuburikidza nemutsara wepelinha, apo mitsipa inotaura (synapse) mu runyanga rwekare rwetambo rune nhengo yeropa ruchabuda ruvara uye ruchienda kumusungo .
Ikoko mitsipa inofanirana zvakare pamusangano we neuromuscular, kutumira neurotransmitter acetylcholine kutaurira musungo kuti zvibvumirane. Calcium inoyerera ichienda kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, uye zvisikwa zvemisumbu zvinodzipfupika, zvichiguma nekupenya kwemavara akadaro. Zviratidzo zvinonyoreswa zvechiredzo zvinodzokorora ruzivo pamusoro pechipikano ichocho kudzokera kumutsipa wepelinha kuitira kudzivirira mutsara wakasiyana kubva panguva imwe chete uchibvumirana, kuitira kuti kuwedzere simba rekuyerera. Semuenzaniso, kana bicep iri kuedza kushandura ruoko pachikona, zvingave zvisingabatsiri kana iyo imwe nguva ichiedza kururamisa ruoko - saka kazhinji neural loop inoratidza kuti inononoka kupora panguva yehutu butsp.
Mitsipa iri mumupfudze inowanzotarisana nedzimwe chiyero chekudzivirira nguva dzose kubva muuropi, kuchengetedza mishonga yakasununguka. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kana zviratidzo pakati peuropi nehutachiona hwemutsara zvichigurwa, mushure mechinguva kunogona kuwedzerwa kugadzikana uye kukanganisa kwakagadzikana mumuviri wakagadzikana. Idzi dzinozivikanwa sepamusoro yemotokari inowanikwa neuron. Kusiyana neizvi, zvishoma zvishoma zvitsva zvinokonzerwa neuron zvinosanganisira kufanana uye kufara . Zvakakosha kuziva, zvisinei, kuti mukukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kana kurohwa, hupamusoro yemotokari yegeuruni inogona kuwanikwa isingakurumidze kuuya, uye chiremba angave achifanira kufungidzira kukanganisa kweuropi kana musipinha.
Muchidimbu, danho rokutanga pakusarudza kuti nei mumwe munhu asina simba kuenzanisa kumusoro uye pasi pasi motokari dzinowanikwa, uye kuziva kana chinetso chiri nehutachiona hwehutachiona kana hutachiona hwehutachiona (huropi nemutsara wemutsara).
Localizing a Lesion muCent Central Nervous System
Kana pane zvakakosha mumotokari yeuroni inowanikwa pakutsvakurudza kwepfungwa, vanachiremba vangave vachida kupfuurira kutsvakurudza uropi nemutsipa wesipinha, sekutsvaga zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuwedzera chiedza pane nzvimbo chaiyo yedambudziko. Somuenzaniso, kana mumwe munhu akavhara pasi pasi pane imwe nhanho pamutsipa, izvi zvinoratidza kuti vane dambudziko nemucheto wepervical cord.
Kana vane dambudziko rinosanganisira chiso (kunyanya kana chiri chikamu chepamusoro chechiso), dambudziko racho rinowanzova muuropi kana brain. Nemhaka yekirk mukugadzirwa kwenheyo, magetsi anotenderera pasi peuropiyo. Saka kana gumbo rorudyi rwemumwe munhu risina simba, rinogona kuva dambudziko nerutivi rworudyi rwemutsipa wepelinha kana rutivi rworuboshwe rweuropi.
Kuona Chinetso Mumatambudziko Akasiyana-siyana
Utera kuburikidza nechinetso nehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kukonzera kubva kune zvinetso nehutachiona hwemativi ose, kusanganiswa kweyeuromuscular, kana musuru.
Nzira dzomukati dzinogona kukanganisa nehutachiona, zvirwere zvemagetsi, uye zvinowanzoitwa nekuputira muzvinyorwa zviduku zvakadai seforamina , kwavanenge vachibuda mumutsana. Zvichida mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira radiculopathies , tennis joke kana carpal tunnel syndrome. Zvirwere zvinosanganisa majini neuron zvisingaitiwo kushaya simba zvisingakoshi, asi zvinogona kusanganisira mamwe maitiro aGuillain-Barré syndrome , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis uye multifocal motokari yeuropathy.
Kupindirana kweyeuromuscular kunogona kukanganiswa nehupfu kana zvirwere zvinotapira muviri zvinodzivirira kuonekwa kwemazuva ano neurotransmitter. Somuenzaniso, botulinum inxin inodzivirira neurotransmitter kusunungurwa kubva munharaunda yechirwere. Mu myasthenia gravis , mamolekemu ekugamuchirwa pamisumbu yemasumbu inorwiswa nemuviri wemuviri, uye naizvozvo haagoni kusunga neurotransmitter acetylcholine mushure mokunge yabuda.
Kune hutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwemisumbu (myopathies) iyo inogona kutungamirira kuutera. Kazhinji kushaya simba kunobata mativi maviri omuviri zvakaenzana, sezvinoitika mu polymyositis, asi mune dzimwe nguva izvi zvingasava zvakadaro. Semuenzaniso, kuiswa mumuviri myositis ndicho chikonzero chinowanzokonzera kushaya simba kwemaviri kunowanzosvikika.
Mamwe Mashoko Akashandiswa Neurologists
Mukuwedzera pakuwana nzvimbo iyi, mapurogiramu eurologists anoshandisa ruzivo pamusoro penguva yekushaya simba, uye kuti yakapararira sei, kuti aone chikonzero. Kurohwa, somuenzaniso, kunowanzouya nekukurumidza zvikuru, asi kuora mwoyo kungatora mwedzi kuti uwedzere. Nzira yekupararira inokosha zvakare: Guillain-Barre syndrome, somuenzaniso, inotanga kumakumbo nekupararira kumusoro, asi botulinum inxin inokonzera utera hunoburuka kubva kumusoro kwemuviri.
Nhamba yezvinetso zvezvehutano izvo zvinokonzera utera zvakakura zvikuru. Kuziva nzvimbo yechinetso, uye muenzaniso unobatanidza nehutera, unogona kubatsira vanachiremba kuronga kuburikidza neurongwa rurefu rwezvinetso zvingangowana kuwana mhosva yechokwadi. Yeuka kuti utera husinganzwisisiki hunofanira kugara huchitsvakurudzwa nenyanzvi yezvokurapa yakakodzera.
Sources:
Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy kuburikidza neCliniki Cases. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams naVictor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.