Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dzimwe nguva inozivikanwa sehosha yaLou Gehrig mushure mokuzivikanwa kwechikwata chebhola, ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti munhu ave zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvishoma. Izvi zvishoma nezvishoma zvinokonzerwa nokusakara kwemitsipa mumutsara weperiyano wepelinha , iyo inotumira mashoko kubva muuropi kusvika kumisungo yemuviri.
Sezvo masero aya ane hutano afa, mishonga iyo inokurukura nayo inotanga kuitika. Mukuwedzera, neuroni muuropi dzinofawo, kunyange zvazvo neuroni dzinofa kazhinji dzisingabatanidzi kuti munhu anofunga sei, saka munhu angangoramba achiziva kuti chirwere chacho chiri kufambira mberi sei. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, ALS inokonzera kuora mutezo uye rufu mumakore mashanu. Inenge gumi muzana yenguva, vanhu vane ALS vanorarama kwenguva yakareba.
ALS kazhinji inobata vanhu pavanenge vari pakati pemakore makumi mana nemakumi manomwe; zvisinei, zvinogona kuitika pane dzimwe nguva muupenyu hwemunhu. Varume vanobatwa kakawanda kupfuura vakadzi. Nenzira inofadza, ALS haina zvishoma, inotambudza vanhu vanenge 30 000 muUnited States, ine madzimai anenge 5 600 matsva eAIDS anoonekwa gore negore.
Zviratidzo zve ALS
Zviratidzo zveAAL zvinowanzotanga neutera. Izvi zvinogona kutanga nechikamu chimwe chete. Misungo inogona kuomesa, kuomesa kana kuve nokududzira kunonzi "fasciculations." Kana makumbo akabatwa pakutanga, munhu wacho angatanga kuona kuti vari kutamba kakawanda kana kuti vanogona kunge vachinetseka.
Kana zviratidzo zvinotanga mumaoko, pane pakutanga zvingave zvakaoma kubata zviduku, zvakadai sokusunga shati kana kuchinja kiyi. Pasingawanzozivikanwa, mishonga yekutanga yekuvhiringidzika ndeye iri mushure nehuro, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutaura kana kumedza. Hakuchina kuunganidzwa kana kupera kunobatanidza nehutera uhwu.
Sezvo chirwere chacho chichifambira mberi, utera huchakurira uye huchapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri. Munhu wacho acharasikirwa nekwanisi kutaura sezvaanorasikirwa nekudzora rurimi rwavo nemiromo. Pakupedzisira, munhu wacho angada kubhadhara. Sezvo mishonga inoda kuti kufema kuve kusina simba, kubatsirwa kwekupumadza kunogona kugoverwa, kutanga neine CPAP mishonga uye ipapo ne mechanical ventilation. Nemhaka yokuti havana simba rokukwevera kana kuchenesa mitsipa yavo, vanhu vane ALS dzakagadzikana vanowanzoshuva pneumonia . Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vazhinji vane ALS vachazopedzisira vafa nekuda kwekutsvaira kana kupera simba .
Pane dzimwe nguva, vanhu vane ALS vane dambudziko rekuodzwa mwoyo . Uyewo, vamwe vanhu vanoita pseudobulbar palsy, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kwavari kudzora manzwiro avo.
Chii Chinokonzera ALS?
Zvimwe zvinokonzera ALS zvichiri kuongororwa. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoita sechitsvaga zvisingatauri, asi anenge 10 muzana yematambudziko ane maitiro. A gene inoshandisa superoxide dismutase (SOD1), iyo enzyme inoputsa radicals dzisina mahwanda, yakawanikwa muna 2001. Mimwe majeni - kusanganisira TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, inozivikanwawo seTDP43); fused-in-sarcoma (FUS), chimiro chisingaoneki pane chromosome 9 (C9ORF72); uye UBQLN2, iyo inowirirana nepuroprotein ubiquitin inonzi ubiquitin-2-dzose dzakabatanidzwa neAIDS.
Somugumisiro weizvi zvisingazivikanwi mashandura emagetsi, masero emagunha mukati merubo rwemapapiro emutsipa wepelinha nemasero ari mu cerebral cortex anotanga kufa.
Vamwe vanhu vakaona kuti kunogona kuwirirana pakati pekukuvadzwa kwepamusoro uye njodzi yakawanda yeAIDS, kunyange zvazvo zviitiko izvi zvingangodaro zvinomiririra chirwere chakasiyana chinozivikanwa sechronic traumatic encephalopathy . Varwi vehondo, kunyanya avo vakashanda muGulf War, vane ngozi yakawanda yekutanga zviratidzo zveAAL, sezvinoita vamwe vatambi. Kuisa pachena kune zvinodhaka kwakanyatsopedzwa, zvisinei kuti hapana chinogumira chakatomuka.
ALS Inowanikwa Sei?
Kuongororwa kweAAL kunofanira kuitwa neurologist.
Neurologists vanoongorora zvirwere zveeuron zvakadai seAAL zvinogona kutaura nezvekubatanidzwa kwe "zviratidzo zvepamusoro uye zvepasi zvinonzi neuron" zvinoda kuongororwa. Zvimwe zviitiko zvekuongorora zvinowanikwa, zvakadai sedhemacheno yakadzika tendon reflexes, zvinoratidza kuti kushaya simba kunokonzerwa nechirwere mumutsipa wepelinha kana uropi. Zvimwe zviongorori zvekuongorora, zvakadai sefasciculations, zvinowanzoonekwa kuti zvinokanganisa musungo mushure mokunge yasiya musara wecinara. Nemhaka yokuti zvirwere zvinoputika seAlS zvinokuvadza nzvimbo iyo yakakwirira motokari yeuroni ichiburuka kubva muuropi ichikurukura nemasikironi emakona mashoma anobva mumugero, zvose zvepamusoro uye zvepamusoro motokari yeuroni zviratidzo zvinowanikwa muAlS uye zvinotarisirwa kuti zviongororwe.
Kuoma kwekuongororwa kweAIDS kunowanzoita kuti kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa kusabvisa zvimwe, zvinoporesa, zvirwere zvinogona kutevedzera ALS. An electromyogram (EMG) uye chidzidzo chekuita nerve inogona kuitwa kuti irege kubvisa zvirwere zvakadai se myasthenia gravis kana chirwere chepfungwa. I-MRI scan inogona kuitwa kuti irege kubvisa zvimwe zvirwere zvepaupa, zvakadai semamota kana multiple sclerosis.
Zvichienderana nenyaya yemumwe munhu uye kuongorora mumuviri, kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa kune zvirwere zvakadai seHIV, Lyme kana syphilis inogona kuitwa. Varwere vanorwara vane ALS vanofanira kunyatsofunga kuti vawane pfungwa yechipiri.
ALS Inotarirwa Sei?
Imwe chete mishonga, Riluzole, yakaratidzwa kuva yakanyatsoshanda mukuvandudza kupona kwevarwere vane ALS. Zvinosuruvarisa, mhedzisiro inononoka, inowedzera kuponeswa chete nemusvondo wemwedzi mitatu kusvika kumashanu.
Asi pane rubatsiro. Kushanda pamwe neboka revashandi vezvechiremba kunogona kubatsira kubvisa zviratidzo zvizhinji zveAIDS. Sangano rakadaro rinogona kusanganisira nyanzvi yezveuropi, masayendisiti epanyama, kutaura uye masangano ekurapisa uye nyanzvi mune zvekudya uye zvekuporesa.
Vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu vangave vakabatanidzwa mukubatsira kuronga mapoka ekutsigira pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zvepamutemo, zvakadai sehupenyu hune simba uye simba regweta . Kunyanya pedyo nekuguma kwehupenyu, varwere vazhinji vanobatsirwa nekushanda nevadzidzisi mupa palliative uye hospice .
Kushanda nevashandi vakakwanisa kunogona kubatsira varwere vane ALS kurarama hupenyu hwavo hwose sekuzvimiririra uye zvakanyatsogona sezvinobvira.
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