Kunyangwe iri chirwere chepuru, chirwere chinonzi avian flu , chibhokisi , kana fefiid fever tinonzwa shoko rinopararira rinoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Chii chinonzi chirwere chinoreva? Kana tikanzwisisa zvinorehwa nehosha, tinokwanisa kugadzirirwa kutarisana nemumwe.
Izwi rinopararira rinouya kubva muchiLatini nechiGiriki. Pano rinoreva zvose kana kupfuura - munyaya iyi, rinoreva pasi rose. Dhemos rinoreva vanhu kana huwandu hwevanhu.
Saka denda rinoreva chero chirwere chinopararira kune vakawanda. Kazhinji kacho, denda rinoreva kurwara (chirwere) chirwere uye chinopararira. Chirwere chinogona kuva chirevo (chirwere chepachirwere) kana chinogona kuva nezita (Spanish Flu Pandemic ya1918-1919.) Uyewo, kune kusiyana pakati pehosha uye chirwere .
Kuongorora uye Kujekesa Denda
World Health Organization (WHO) inotsanangura zvirwere. Nzira yavo yekuenda kune chirwere chepachirwere ndeyekufananidzira mberi kwayo mumatanho matanhatu kana zvikamu, zvichiratidza rudzi rwemhinduro runodiwa pane imwe nhanho. Zvikamu izvi hazvirevi kuti munhu anorwara sei kana kuti vanhu vangani vanezvo. Pane kudaro, vanorondedzera kune iyo iripo uye kuti iri kupararira sei kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda pane imwe. Inofungawo kuti hutachiwana hutsva hwakanyanya sei. Kana hutachiona husina kusimbiswa ipapo, nokuda kwechikamu chikuru, vanhu vachava nehutachiona hushoma kana kusina hutachiona.
Mhuka dzakadai semakungu uye shiri dzinokura mavairasi matsva nguva dzose. Pamusoro pokuti chirwere chemhuka chinosangana nehutachiona hwevanhu, saka vanhu vanogona kutanga kuwedzera zvirwere zvakadai sefenza, kubva muhutachiona. Izvozvo zvinoshandiswa uye zvinokonzera zvirwere chaizvoizvo zvinowanzoitika kakawanda kupfuura zvaunogona kutarisira, kubata vanhu vashomanana gore negore.
Apo vanhu vanotanga kuuraya vamwe vanhu nemishonga iyo yakabva pamhuka, zvino vatano vehutano vanotanga kuteerera. Sezvo vanhu vasina kumbodzivirira zvirwere zvemarudzi aya, chirwere ichi chitsva chinoda kuva nekanakisisa chakanokwanisa kuchengetedza icho kupararira kune vanhu vakawanda vari munzvimbo dzepasi pose, saka zvinoreva kuti denda.
Zvikamu zveAlonda
WHO inoratidzira hutachiona hwehutachiona hwose, mhuka kana munhu, kuburikidza nezvikamu zvezvikamu kana zvikamu.
- Chikamu 1: Mavairusi ari kufamba mukati memhuka chete. Hapana hutachiona hwevanhu hwakakonzerwa nehutachiona hwemhuka.
- Chikamu 2: Chirwere chemhuka chakakonzera utachiona mumunhu. Parizvino, kune hutano hwehutachiona hunotyisidzira nokuti hutachiona hwehutachiona hwave huchitsinhanisa kuti huwedzere kune munhu.
- Chikamu chechitatu: Masumbu mashoma evanhu akabatana nehutachiona mune imwe nzvimbo. Iko kune mikana yekupararira kwehutachiona kana vamwe kunze kwemunharaunda iyoyo vanobatana nevaya vane HIV. Panguva ino, chirwere ichi chinogona kuva dambudziko munharaunda iyoyo, asi haisi chirwere.
- Chikamu chechina: Kutengesa kwehupenyu hwevanhu kusvika kune vanhu uye kumhuka kunokonzera kuputika munharaunda zhinji uye vanhu vakawanda vari kurwara munharaunda idzodzo. Mamwe mimwe mimwe mimwe mimwe mamiriro ezvinhu inorondedzera kuputika uye dambudziko zvinowanzoitika, kunyange, maererano neWHO, chirwere hachisi chirevo chekupedzisira.
- Chikamu chechipiri: Kuenderera mberi kwevanhu kusvika kune vanhu kuri kuitwa munyika dzinenge mbiri munyika imwe ye WHO. WHO ine kambani ye 120 National Influenza Centers munyika 90 dzakasiyana. Pachikamu chechipiri, nyika dzakawanda hazvibatsiri (asi) asi chirwere chinonzi chave pedyo. Ichi chikamu chiratidzo chekuti hurumende nevatano vezvehutano vanofanira kunge vakagadzirira kushandisa zvirongwa zvavo zvekudzikisa zvirwere.
- Chikamu 6: Hondo yepasi rose iri kuitika. Kurwara kwapararira uye hurumende nehutano hurumende vari kushanda nesimba kuti vadzivise kupararira kwechirwere, uye vabatsire vanhu vavo vanobata nayo vachishandisa zviyero zvekudzivirira uye zvisingasviki.
- Post-pandemic: Mushure mekuwedzera kwebasa, basa rekupararira kwechirwere rinotanga kupera. Chinokosha pano ndechekugadzirira kuedza kudzivirira kamuviri rwechipiri.
Nguva iyo nguva yezvikamu 1 kusvika ku6 inogona kuitika kwemwedzi yakawanda kusvika kumakore mazhinji.
Pandemics muzana remakore rechi20 ne21
Sezvo nyika yakava duku kudzinza kwekutaurirana uye kukwanisa uye chido chekufamba, mhirizhonga yakave yakakanganiswa.
Kusununguka kwekufambisa kunoreva kuti hutachiona hunoenda pasi rose nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaizoita kana vanhu vakagara munzvimbo. Boka revadzidzi vanoshanyira Mexico pamusi wegore rinopera rinodzokera kumba kuNew York uye rinoparadzira chirwere ichi kumhuri uye kuchikoro. Bhizimisi rebhizimisi rinoshanyira kuMexico kune bhizinesi uye rinosangana nemumwe munhu ari kubata chirwere chenguruve chitsva asingazivi. Kana uyo munhu ane utachiona atanga kunyorera uye kugunzva uye kugunzva tafura kana bhodhoro remvura iyo inobatwa ipapo nebhizimisi. Anobvumirana nemishonga uye anokonzera vanhu vari mundege, mu-airport, uye kumba.
Kusununguka kwekutaura kunobatsira, zvakare. Nezvakanaka, zvinoreva kuti tinogona kuwana ruzivo pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu nekudzivirira kunze kweavo vanochida nekukurumidza zvikuru, dzimwe nguva pakarepo. Pamusoro pezvakaipa, zvinoreva kuti yakaipa ruzivo runotapfuura nekukurumidza, zvakare. Uyezve, kutya kunowedzera nokukurumidza, kunyange, munguva refu, kutya kunogona kureva vanhu kutora matanho ekudzivirira uye ekuchenesa zvakanyanya nyore.
Mukati ra1918-1919 kupararira, kwaiva nemakore makumi mana kusvika ku50 vakafa pasi pose. Nokuti kutaurirana nekugadzirira zvakanyanyisa kubva panguva iyoyo, WHO inofungidzira kuti denda remakore rechi21 rinokonzera "chete" 2 kusvika kune mamiriyoni 7,4 vakafa munyika yose.
Avian Flu uye Swine Flu
WHO inofunga kuti marudzi maviri ehutachiona anowanzova panjodzi yekuva denda muzana remakore rechi21.
Chirwere cheAvian, chinonzi bird flu, chakatanga kuonekwa muHong Kong (H5N1) muna 1997, asi hachina kufanirwa chirwere nokuti hachina kupararira netsanangudzo yezvikamu zviri pamusoro. Pakazosvika gore ra2013, hutsva hutsva hwemhiri chirwere, H7N9 yakaonekwa asi yakanga ichipararira kubva kune shiri-kusvika-munhu.
Nguruve chirwere H1N1 Influenza A strain. MunaMuvhuro 2009, yakatanga kupararira kune misha itsva kubva kuMexico uye yakanzi yakapararira neWorld Health Organization munaJune 2009. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peguruva chirwere .